AWB120 Dynamics 04 Spectrum

Chapter 4:
Response Spectrum
ANSYS Mechanical
Dynamics
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-1 July 2009

2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Inventory #002666
Response Spectrum Analysis Training Manual
Topics covered:
Definition and purpose
Overview of Workbench capabilities
Procedure

Response Spectrum Analysis
Description & Purpose Training Manual
A response-spectrum analysis
calculates the maximum response
of a structure to a transient loading.
It is performed as a fast alternative

of approximating a full transient
solution.
The maximum response is

computed as scale factor times the
mode shape.
These maximum responses are then

combined to give a total response
of the structure.
Types of Analyses Training Manual
Types of Response Spectrum analysis:
Single
Single-point
point response spectrum
A single response spectrum excites all specified points in the model.
Multi-point response spectrum

Different response spectra excite different points in the model.

Common Uses Training Manual
Commonly used in the analysis of:

Nuclear power plant buildings
and components, for seismic
l di
loading
Airborne Electronic equipment
for shock loading
Commercial buildings in
earthquake zones

Terminology & Concepts Training Manual
Instead of simulating the response of a structure to a full time history,

we could figure out how each mode would respond to the time
history, then combine the responses together.
In other words, the response of each mode of a structure is similar to

a 1-DOF oscillator, just scaled by some amount.
If we know the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure,

we can simplyp y determine what the displacement
p would be for a 1-DOF
oscillator, if it were subjected to the same transient loading, and
scale the response by the appropriate amount.
If there is more than one load, each will have its own spectrum.

Assumptions & Restrictions Training Manual
The structure is linear (i.e. constant stiffness and mass).
For single
single-point
point response spectrum analysis, the structure is excited
by a spectrum of known direction and frequency components, acting
uniformly on all support points.
For multi-point response spectrum analysis, the structure may be

excited by different input spectra at different support points.
Up to 20 different simultaneous input spectra are allowed.

Theory
Participation Factors Training Manual
A modal analysis must first be completed to determine the natural

frequencies, mode shapes, and participation factors for each mode.
This procedure was covered in Chapter 2: Modal Analysis.
( [M ] + [K ]){ } = {0}
i
2
i
i = { } [M ]{D}
T
i
spectrum participation mode

mode frequency mode shape response
value factor coefficient
1 1 {}1 S1 1 A1 {R}1
2 2 {}2 S2 2 A2 {R}2
3 3 {}3 S3 3 A3 {R}3

Theory
Spectrum Values Training Manual
For each natural frequency, the spectrum value can be determined by a

simple look-up from the response-spectrum table.
When values are needed between input frequencies, log-log interpolation is done
in the space as defined
defined.

1 1 {}1 S1 1 A1 {R}1
2 2 {}2 S2 2 A2 {R}2
3 3 {}3 S3 3 A3 {R}3

Theory
Mode Coefficients Training Manual
The mode coefficients can be determined from the participation factors,

depending on the type of spectrum input.
di l
displaceme ntt velocity
l it accelerati
l ti on
S S
Ai = Si i Ai = i i Ai = i 2 i
i i
Recall: participation factors measure the amount of mass moving in each direction
for a unit displacement.

1 1 {}1 S1 1 A1 {R}1
2 2 {}2 S2 2 A2 {R}2
3 3 {}3 S3 3 A3 {R}3

Theory
Response Training Manual
The response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) for each mode can

then be computed from the frequency, mode coefficient, and mode shape.
{R}i = Ai { }i for displaceme nt response

{R}i = i Ai { }i for veloci ty response
{R}i = i2 Ai { }i for accelerati on response
If there is more than one significant mode, the response for each mode must
be combined using some method.

1 1 {}1 S1 1 A1 {R}1
2 2 {}2 S2 2 A2 {R}2
3 3 {}3 S3 3 A3 {R}3

Theory
Mode Combination Training Manual
In general, mode combinations take the form:
1
N N 2
{R} = ij {R}i {R}j
i =1 j =1
where R is the total modal response and RiRj is the entrywise product
(a.k.a. Hadamard or Schur product) of modes i and j.
The modal correlation coefficients, ijj, are uniquely defined,
d
depending
di on the
th method
th d chosen
h for
f evaluating
l ti the
th correlation
l ti
coefficient.
for completely correlated modes i and j ij = 1

for partially correlated modes i and j 0 < ij < 1
for uncorrelat ed correlated modes i and j ij = 0
The methods for mode combination are SRSS, CQC, and ROSE.
Theory
Mode Combination Training Manual
The SRSS method is generally more conservative than the other

methods.
assumes that all maximum modal values are uncorrelated
ij = 1.0 for i = j
ij = 0.0 for i j
for a structures with coupled modes, this assumption overestimates the
responses overall
The CQC and the ROSE methods providing a means of evaluating
modal correlation for the response spectrum analysis.
accounting for mode coupling makes the response estimate from these
methods more realistic and closer to the exact time history solution
SRSS CQC ROSE
1 1 1

{R} = {R}i2
N 2 N N 2 N N 2
{R} = k ij {R}i {R}j

{R} = ij {R}i {R}j

i =1 i =1 j =1 i =1 j =1
Procedure:
Response Spectrum

Response Spectrum
Procedure Training Manual
Drop a Modal (ANSYS) system into the project schematic.

Response Spectrum
Drop a Response Spectrum system onto the Solution cell of the

Modal system.

Response Spectrum
Create new geometry, or link to Edit the Model cell to bring up the
existing geometry. Mechanical application.

Response Spectrum
Preprocessing Training Manual
Verify materials, connections, and mesh settings.

This was covered in Workbench Mechanical Intro.

Response Spectrum
Add supports to the model.

Displacement constrains must have a magnitude of zero.

Response Spectrum
Solution Settings Training Manual
Choose the number of modes to

extract.
If needed, upper and lower bounds
on frequency may be specified to
extract the modes within a specified
range.

Response Spectrum
Postprocessing Training Manual
Review the modal results before

proceeding.

Response Spectrum
Insert an Acceleration, Velocity, or Direction response spectrum.

Set the Boundary Condition, Spectrum (Tabular) Data, and Direction.

Response Spectrum
Insert Directional Deformation, Velocity, or Acceleration.

Response Spectrum
Stress (normal, shear, equivalent) and Strain (normal, shear) results

can also be reviewed.

Workshop
Response Spectrum Analysis Training Manual
In this workshop, you will determine the response of a

prestressed suspension bridge subjected to a seismic load.
See your Dynamics Workshop supplement for details
WS4: Response Spectrum Analysis - Suspension Bridge


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Chapter 4:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-1 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-2 July 2009

It is performed as a fast alternative

The maximum response is

These maximum responses are then

Types of Response Spectrum analysis:

Multi-point response spectrum

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-4 July 2009

Commonly used in the analysis of:

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-5 July 2009

Instead of simulating the response of a structure to a full time history,

In other words, the response of each mode of a structure is similar to

If we know the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a structure,

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-6 July 2009

The structure is linear (i.e. constant stiffness and mass).

For multi-point response spectrum analysis, the structure may be

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-7 July 2009

A modal analysis must first be completed to determine the natural

spectrum participation mode

For each natural frequency, the spectrum value can be determined by a

spectrum participation mode

The mode coefficients can be determined from the participation factors,

spectrum participation mode

The response (displacement, velocity or acceleration) for each mode can

{R}i = Ai { }i for displaceme nt response

spectrum participation mode

In general, mode combinations take the form:

for completely correlated modes i and j ij = 1

The SRSS method is generally more conservative than the other

SRSS CQC ROSE

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-14 July 2009

Drop a Modal (ANSYS) system into the project schematic.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-15 July 2009

Drop a Response Spectrum system onto the Solution cell of the

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-16 July 2009

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-17 July 2009

Verify materials, connections, and mesh settings.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-18 July 2009

Add supports to the model.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-19 July 2009

Choose the number of modes to

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-20 July 2009

Review the modal results before

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-21 July 2009

Insert an Acceleration, Velocity, or Direction response spectrum.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-22 July 2009

Insert Directional Deformation, Velocity, or Acceleration.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-23 July 2009

Stress (normal, shear, equivalent) and Strain (normal, shear) results

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-24 July 2009

In this workshop, you will determine the response of a

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 4-25 July 2009

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