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Note : SI unit : The international system of units established by the international committee
on weights and measures such unites are based on strict definition and are only official unites
for physical quantities.
Conversion of Unit
When units are not consistent, you may need to convert to appropriate ones. Units can be
treated like algebraic quantities that can be cancel each other.
Examples
Example 1: Convert 12 in. to centimeters. Given that 1 in. = 2.54 cm.
Step 1: Write down quantity to be converted 12. In
Step 2: Defined each unit in term of desired unit 1 in. = 2.54 cm
Step 3: Multiply by those factors that will cancel all but the desired units are remained.
2.54 cm
12 in. ( ) = 12 x 2.54 cm =30.5 cm
1 in
mi 5280 ft 1m 1h 65 x 5280 x 1 m
65 ( ) (3.281 ft) (3600 s) = = 29 m/s
h 1 mi 3.281 x 3600 s
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
Exercise 1:
a) 1 m3 = ________ cm3 ; Given: 1 m = 100 cm
Exercise 2: If a car is traveling at a speed of 28.0 m/s, what is the car speed in mi/h.
Given: 1 mi = 1609 m, 1 h = 3600 s
Exercise 3: A rectangular building lot measures 100 ft by 150 ft. Determine the area of
this lot in square meters (m2). Given: 1 m = 3.281 ft
Exercise 4: A snail crawls at a pace of 5.0 cm/min. Express the snails speed in;
Given:1 ft=0.3048 m, 1 m=100cm, 1 mi=1.609 km, 1 km=1000m, 1 h=3600s, 1 min= 60s
a) ft/s
b) mi/h
Scientific notation provides a short-hand method for expressing very small and very
large numbers.
Exercise
a) 1m = ___________m
b) 30 m3 = ___________ km3
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
= cos
= sin
Example: The polar coordinates of a point are r = 5.50 m and = 240. What are the
Cartesian coordinates of this point?
Polar coordinate = ( r, ) = (5.50 m, 240)
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
Exercise 1: A point is located in a polar coordinate system by the coordinates r = 2.5 m and
= 350. Find the x and y coordinates of this point, assuming that the two coordinates systems
have the same origin.
Exercise 2: If the rectangular coordinates of a point are given by (2, y) and its polar
coordinates are (r, 30), determine y and r.
Vector notation
When handwritten, use an arrow: A
When printed, will be in bold print with an arrow:
When dealing with just the magnitude of a vector in print, an italic letter will be
used: A
Properties of Vector
Two vectors A and B may be defined to be equal if they have the same
magnitude and point in the same direction.
A=B only if A=B and if A and B point the same direction along parallel lines.
Component of vector
Vector can be expressed as the sum of two other vectors: Ax parallel to the x-
axis and Ay, parallel to the y-axis
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
Examples
Example 1: A person walks 25.0 north of east for 3.10 km. How far would the person walk
due north and due east to arrive at the same location?
The total displacem ent is D 3.10 km at 25.0 N of E . The north and east components
of this d isplacem ent are:
Example 2: A girl delivering newspapers covers her route by traveling 3.00 blocks west, 4.00
blocks north, and then 6.00 blocks east. What is her resultant displacement?
x y
4
A -3 0
B 0 4
3
C 6 0
D= 3 4
A+B+C
= 3 and = 4 , thus;
4
D= 32 + 42 = 5 blocks and = 1 (3) = 53.13
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
Exercise: A hiker begins a trip by first walking 25.0 km southeast from her base camp. On the
0
second day, she walks 40.0 km in a direction 60.0 north of east. Determine :
a) the components of the hikers displacement in
the first and second day
b) the components of the hikers total displacement for the
trip.
c) the magnitude and direction of the displacement from
the base camp.
= 0.02 (2 d.p.)
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
The value of the density with its error is then (7.8 0.1) g/cm3 since we need to give
the answer to the same number of decimal points.
Uniform velocity is constant velocity. The instantaneous velocities are always the
same
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
When the sign of the velocity and the acceleration are the same (either positive
or negative), then the speed is increasing
When the sign of the velocity and the acceleration are in the opposite
directions, the speed is decreasing
When an object moves with constant acceleration, the instantaneous acceleration at
any point in time interval is equal to the value of the average acceleration over the
entire time interval. Thus, we can express the motion under constant acceleration as;
Examples;
A drag racer starts her car from rest and accelerates at 10.0 m/s2 for a distance 400 m.
(a) How long did it take the race car to travel this distance?
(b) What is the speed of the car just before it reaches at the end of the run?
1
= + 2 2
400 m = (0.5)(10) t2
400
t= = 8.94 s
5
(b) 2 = 2 + 2 = 0 + 2(10)(400)
v = 8000
v = 89.44 m/s
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
= 0
a=g
We always take ay = - g = - 9.80 m/s2, the minus sign means that the acceleration of a
freely falling object is downward.
Example 1: A student throws a set of keys vertically upward to her sorority sister, who is in a
window 4.00 m above. The keys are caught 1.50 s later by the sister's
outstretched hand.
1 2
at : 4.00 1.50 vi 4.90 1.50 and vi 10.0 m s upw ard .
2
(a) yf yi vit
2
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
Example 2: A baseball is hit so that it travels straight upward after being struck by the bat. A
fan observes that it takes 3.00 s for the ball to reach its maximum height. Find
(a) its initial velocity and
(b) the height it reaches.
vi gt 9.80 m s2 3.00 s 29.4 m s .
(b) yf yi
1
2
vf vi t
1
yf yi
2
29.4 m s 3.00 s 44.1 m
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Chapter 1: Physical Quantity, Measurement and Motion PHYD114
Thus, the conclusion for projectile motion is the superposition of two motions :
constant-velocity motion in the horizontal direction, and
free-fall motion in the vertical direction.
Example: A fireman 50.0 m away from a burning building directs a stream of water from a
ground-level fire hose at an angle of 30.0 above the horizontal. If the speed of the stream as
it leaves the hose is 40.0 m/s, at what height will the stream of water strike the building?
x 50.0 m
t 1.44 s
v0 x 34.6 m
1
1
y v0 y t a y t 2 20.0 m s 1.44 s 9.80 m s 2 1.44 s 18.7 m
2 2
2
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