,

2017

2015/DG I/JP/3265
 GRAND CHAMBER

CASE OF DELFI AS v. ESTONIA
( no. 64569/09)

2015 16

CASE OF DELFI AS v. ESTONIA..............................................................................1

................................................................................................................. 4
...................................................................................................................... 5
 I ................................................................................................ 5
. ............................................................................... 5
.
............................................................................................................................. 7
. ..................................9
. ...............................................................16
II ...........................................................17
III ......................................................................23
. .........................................................................23
. ...................................................................28
IV ......29
. ...............................29
1. 2000/31/EC................................................................................29
2. 98/34/ EC, 98/48/ EC 34
3.
........................................................................................................................... 35
. ..............................................................................38
............................................................................................................... 38
I -10 ..................................................38
. ............................................................................39
. ...................................................................................... 41
1. ...................................................................................... 41
2. ....................................................................................................... 45
1. ........................................................49
2. -19 (Article 19)................................................................................50
3. Acces.......................................................................................................... 51
4. (Media Legal Defence Initiative). 51
5. EDiMA, CCIA Europe EuroISPA...................................................................52
. .................................................................................... 54
1. .......................54
2. ..............................................56
3. ................................................................................................... 57
4. ......................................................................................... 61
5. ...................................................61
 , ......................................................74
, ,
....................................................................................................... 75
...............................................................78
.................81

, :

,
,
,
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
,
. ,
,
,
- ,
,
,
,
,

2014 9 2015 18 ,
:

1. (N 64569/09) ,
,
() 34- , 2009 4
- -
( ).
2. - . - . ,
. () ,
, - . .
3. -10 ,
,
, .
4. (
52 1). 2011 1-
( 25 1)
. 2013 10 :
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
, 10
.
5. 2014 8 43
2014 17
.
6. 26 4, 5 24
.
7.
( 59 1).
8. , :
( the Helsinki Foundation for Human Rights); 19
(Article 19); (Access); (Media
Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI)) 28 ;
(the European Digital Media Association (EDiMA)),
(the Computer and Communications Industry
Association (CCIA Europe)) - -
( pan-European association of European Internet Services
Providers Associations (EuroISPA)).
( 36 2
44 3).
9. 2014 9 ,
( 59 3).

:
() :
. , ,
. ,
. , ;
() :
.
- . , .

,
: , , ,
.

I
10.
(aktsiaselts).
.
11. - .
330-
. -
.
.
12. , ,

,
().
.
.

. 10,000
, .
13. , :
leim ( ,
,
) . ,
,
. , , ,
,
.
14.
, , ,
.
, :

,
.
. . ,
,
. . .

, .
, :

- ;
- ;
- ;
- . . .
- ,
, ;
- , / ;
- . . .

. . .

.

15. ,
. 2005 22
Eesti Ekspress-
,
,

. .
2005 29 Eesti Ekspress-
. , ,
,
.
, ,

,
.

,
1043 1046- (Vlaigusseadus).

.
16. 2006 24
SLK- .
, .
SLK AS Saaremaa Laevakompanii ( ,
). SLK
. . SLK-
.
17. 24 25 185 . 20
.- .
18. 2006 9 .-
500,000 (EEK) ( 32, 000 (EUR))
. 20 :

1. (1)
(2) , .
- , 1905-,
[.] [.] .
2. ...

,
. , !
3. [.-] . , [.]
!
4. [ .]
 5. ... [] ... -
6. !!! []
7. , [.]
... , .
8. ... . ,
. ! , [.]
.
9. , .
10. , 500- , [.]
. 3 ,
, ... ,
[]
11. ?
12. , 1:0 .
13. [-] ?

14. , ( ,
)
- .
[.] ,
. . ,
, , ( ,
- ),
. , .

15. [-]

, ,
- ... .

16. !!! , ,
!!!
17. , [] ,
, . ,
[.] ... [1]. ,
[.] - ... :D :D :D
18. ... . [.]
... , ? :)
19. [.].. ...

.. ...
, .
20. ; ;
( [.-] ) ...
, [.] .:)

19. , ,
.
20. 2006 23 .- .
.-,
.

.
21. 2006 13 .-
.
22. 2007 28
, inter alia, ( ,
2007 )
, 5,000- 10,000- ,
.
23. 2007 25 .- .

(Infohiskonna teenuse seadus),
( 2000 8
2000/31/EC
, , , ).
,
.
.

.
24. 2007 22 .-
. , ,
,
.
.
25. 2008 21
.
26. 2008 27
. . ,
,
. ,
,
,
,
, . ,

. , ,
. ,


.
27. , ,
.
; .-
, .
 . ,
- . .-
5, 000 ( 320 ) .
28. 2008 16
. ,

. , , ,
,
.
,
,
.
29. ,

. ,
,
; , . ,

.
30. 2009 10 .
,
.
31. :

10. ,
.
, ,
692 2
11. :
2006 24
SLK ;

;
[avaldatud][2], 20
[.-] ;
2006
9 .
12. :
, ,
, ( )

.
13. ,
() -10
.
2 (6) ,
- 2 (1)
. - ,

, ,

,
.
,
, ,

.
- 8-11
. - -10 ,
, ,
,
, , : (1)

, ,
/ ; (2) ,
,
. , ,
[ ]
. -
-10 ,
,

.

2000/31/EC
, ,
( ),

. 12 -15 , - 8-11
, 42- .
, , -12-15 ,
,

,
,
;
, , ,
,
. , .. ,
,
12-15 .
,

, .
.
,
 [hinnangud] ()
. ,
.
;
,
[ ]. ,
. ,
, .
( ),
. ,
.
. ,
,
. ,
,
. ,
, ,
,
- -10
.
14. ,
- , 2006 24
. ,
. ,
,
, ,

. , ,
.
, .
.

2005 21
. 3-2-1-95-05 , ,
1047- [avaldamine]
,
. , ,
[avaldamine] , /
[avaldaja] , ,
.
[ajakirjanduslik tegevus]. ,
[internetiajakirjandus] ,
,
[trkiajakirjanduse vljaanne]. ,
[vljaandja] [ ] ,
,
,
. , ,
. ,
 [vljaandja],
/ [avaldajad] .

[vrtushinnang],
, / /

/
... , /
/ (
1046 (1) ) / ,
. / ,
[hinnangud] .
( ).

15. ,
45- ,


, :

19 2
, ,

.
45-
, ,
.
,
( 17). , , ,
, ,
, -17 ,
, ,
( 1046- ). ,

( -11 ). 45-

, .

,
: 1045 (1)
(4), 1046 (1), 1047 (1), (2) (4), 1055 (1) (2) 134 (2).
, . ,
,
.
. , 1046-
, .
20
. ,
 , ,
.

,
,
, .
,

.
, ,
- - ,
( 17) (
1046)
( 1045 (1) (4) ).

16. ,
; . . . .
, ,
.
,
. , ,
, .

, ,

. . 1047 (3)
,
, ,
, ,

, .
,
1047 (3) :
,
. ,
.
, ,
. , ,
.
, ,
[s] (
1050 (1) ).

.
32. 2009 ,
, ,
,
. , ,
,
 .
.

. , 2009
190,000-.
15,000 ( 8 %),
. 0.5 %-
.

II
33. (Eesti Vabariigi phiseadus) :

17
.

19

(1) .
(2)

.

45

(1) , ,
, , ,
.
, ,
, ,
.

,
,
, ,
.

(2) .

34. ( ) (Tsiviilseadustiku ldosa seadus) 138-

.
.
35. (Vlaigusseadus) 134- -2
:

, ...
, , ,
, ,
.
36. 1043- ( ),
(),
, (sdi)
.
37. 1045-
, , inter alia,
.
38. :

1046-

(1) , inter alia, ,

,
.
,
.

(2) ,

. ,
.

1047-

(1)


, ,

.
(2) ,
,
, ,
.
(3) (1) (2) ,
,
, ,

.
(4) ,

, ,
.

1050- [s],
 (1) .
, ,
.
(2) [s]
, , , ,
.
(3)

,

.

1055-

(1)
, ,
.
,
, , inter
alia, ( ),
.
(2) (1)
, ,

. ,
.

39. (Infohiskonna teenuse

seadus) :

8-


(1)

,

, :
1. ;
2. ;
3. , .
(2) 1-
,
,

.

9- (cache memory)

(1)
,
,
,

, :
1. ;
2. ;
3. ,
;
4. ,

;
5. ,
,
,

.

10-

(1)
,
, :

1.
,
;
2.
,
.

(2) ,
.

11-

(1) -8-10

,
.

, .

(2) ,
,
.
 (3)
-8-10


,
.

...

40. (Tsiviilkohtumenetluse seadustik) 244-

(eeltendamismenetlus)
- ,
, ,
.
41. 2005 21 ( . 3-2-1-95-05)
, 1047-
(avaldamine) . ,
(meediavljaanne) (avaldaja)
, (ajaleheartikli avaldaja)
.
, , 2010 21 ( .
3 2 1-67-10).
42.
, ,
(1998 7 . 3-2-1-61-98),
(1997 1
. 3-2-1-99-97)
( 1997 30 . 3-
2-1-123-97 2007 10 3-2-1-53-07).
43. 2009 10
( . 3-2-1-43-09), ,
,
. , 2012
21 ( . 2 08 76058)
,
.
,
. ,
.
()
, ,
, -
.
, , -
. , - 2010 23
( C 236/08 to C 238/08 Google France and
Google [2010] ECR I 2417),
, ,
,
 , ,
. ,
.
,
;
.
2013 27 ( .2-10-46710).


.

III

.
44. 2003 28 840- ,
.
:

,
,
;

, 2000 8
2000/31/EC
, ,
( );

,
, , ,
;

,
, ,
;
...
,
:

1:

, .
 3:

, ,

, .
, , .
-10 -2
,
, ,

.
...
6:

,
, . ,
.

,
,
,
.

,
,
,
, ,
, ,
,

.

,
, ,
,
.

,
,
.

...

7:
 ,
,
.

, ,

.

45. CM/Rec(2007)16 ,
( 2007
7 ), , ,

, ,
. ,
,

.
46. CM/Rec(2011)7
( 2011 21 ) :

, 15
, :

- , , ,

(, , , , , , ,
, , , ),
,
(, )
(, )
( )
;

- ,
,
,
-10
, -10 ,
,
;

-


,

;

...
 :
7.
, ,
,
(), , ( )
-10
....
30.
,
.
,

(, )
. ,
(
),
(
, )....
32. (,
), ,

( ). ex post (
, )
, .
(, ex ante
)....

35. ,
.
(, ex ante ex post
) .

36. , ,
,
,
, . ,
. ,
,
( ,
) ....

63. .
,
.
,
. ,
, ,
.
(
, ,
).
47. 2004 16
CM/Rec(2014)6 -
.
:

,
. :

1.
.
, ,
,
.
, ;

2. ,
, .
,
;

...

6.
. , ,
.

.
48.

2011 16 (A/HRC/17/27):

25. , ,
( ), (
), (
), (
) , ,
, (
, ).

27. , ,
, ,
, ,
. ,
,
, ,

.
...

43. ,

, . ,
-. ...

74. ,
.
,
,

, .

49. ,

,
2005 21 , :

, , , ,
,
.

IV

.
1. 2000/31/EC
50. ,
, (
) 2000 8 2000/31/EC
:

(9)
, , ,

-10 .
; , ,
,
, -2
46 (1) ;

.

(42)
,
,
 ,
, ;
, ,
,
, .

(43)
(mere conduit) (caching) ,
; , , ,
, ;
,
,
.

(44) , -
, (mere
conduit) (caching)
.

(45) ()
,
;

,
.

(46) ,
,
,
;
,
;
,
,
.

(47)

;
,
.

(48) ,
,
, ,

.

1- /
1.

.

2-

() : 98/34/EC 1
(2) , 98/48/EC ;

() : ,
;

() : ,

.
, ,
.

4:

12-

1.

, ,

, :

() ;

() ;

() , .

2. 1-
,
,
.
3. ,
,
.

13-

(1)
,
,
, ,

, :

() ;

() ;

() ,
;

() ,

.

() ,
,
,
.

2. ,
,
.

14- ( )

1.
, ,

, :

()
,
, ;

() ,
.

2. ,
.

3. ,
,
.

.

15-
 1.
, , -12, -13 -
14 .

, .

2.


;
,
, ,
,
.

2. 98/34/ EC, 98/48/ EC

51. 1998 22 98/34/ EC,

,
98/48/ EC , :

2. - , ..
, , ,

.

- ,
;

-
( )
, []
, , ,
- ;

- ,
,
.

,
.

:
 - ,

-89/552/EEC
.

3.
52. 2010 23 ( #C-236-08, #C-237-
08 #C-238-08Google Google) , 2000/31/EC
-14
,
. , ,
,
.
-14 :
,
-,
.
,
,

,
.
53. 2011 12 ( , C 324/09)
2000/31/EC -14
:
, ,
.
- ,
. ,
,
, -14
. , ,
,
,
, -
14 .
54. 2011 24 ( Scarlet Extended C-70/10)
, (CJEU)
,

(, ),
, -
,
,
,
.
55. 2012 16 ( SABAM, C-360/10) CJEU- ,
2000/31/EC, 2001/29/EC 2004/48/EC

 ,
, ,
, -
,
,
,
.
56. 2014 13 ( C-131/12 Google Spain and Google)
(CJEU) 1995 24

95/46/EC .
, ,
95/46/EC
,

(
-7 -8 ) ,
; ,


-
. ,
,
.
,
. ,
, , ,

. ,
, ,
,
; ,
. ,
,

,
,
. ,
, ,
,
.
57. 2014 11 ( Papasavvas C-291/13)
(CJEU) : ,
,
,
, 2000/31/EC -12 -14
, , ,
. , , 2000/31/EC -12 -14

 ,
; ,
,
;
, , .

.
58. ,
, -
, ,
. ,
,
- , ,
,
-
.
- ,
.

I -10
59. ,

-10
. , -10 :

1. .
, ,

. ,
, .

2. ,
,
, , ,
,
,
, ,
,
,
.

60. .

61. 2013 10 ,

 . ,

, ,

.
.
, , ,

-10
, .

62. ,
,
. ,
,

. ,
,

. ,
( ,
,
),
, ,

. ,
-
, ,
,
,
,
.

63. ,
.
, , ,
,

.

64. , ,

.
, : -
; -
 ; -
,
; -
.

65. , ,

,
,
.
, -
. ,



.
,


. ,
,
. , ,


.
,
,
. ,
,

. , -10
.

.
1.

()

66. ,
.
-

,
, .

 .

, .

67. , ,
,
. ,

,
.

()

68. ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
-
. ,

. ,
,
.

()

69. , -

- , .
, ,
,
. ,

.

,


.
, ,


.

( 46- ). ,
,
 .
, ,

.

70. ,
( , ,
.) . , ,
,
,
, -
,
,
.

.

()

71. ,
.

()

72. ,
. ,
: ,
,
(
- ),
(, )
. ,
,
.
,
.
,

.

73. ,
,
. ,
.
74. ,
,
:

75. : ,
Saaremaa Shipping-
, .
, ;
,
.
,
.

76. -
. ,
.

77. - ,
.
,
,
244-
.
.

78. - ,

. , ,

. ,
. ,

. ,
,

,
.
,
: -
.
,

.
79.
. ,
,
, .

82. , ,
.
,
,

,
,
.

2.

()

81. : ,
,
,

. ,


.
,
. , ,
,
.
. ,
;
;
. ,
.

82. ,
.

83. ,
,
-. ,
- ;
, 190,000- (2009.) 300
000- (2013.) . 2013 26
, - 20,000- 30,000- (..
7-10%). , Postimees-,
, 120,000 7% .
,
 . 2013
- ,
- .

()

84. ,
.
32-36, 38 39 ,
,
.
, ,
-
-
, ,
,
,
. ,

, -
,
.

85. ,

. ,
,
-10 -2 .
,
. ,

,
. ,

, , , ,
.

,
. (,
;
- .
; ,
;
) ,
 , ,
.
,
.
(. ) ,
,
, ,
.

()

86. , -10
.

()

87. ,
-10 -8
.

88.
, :

89. , , ,
,
,
,
.
- ,

, . ,
,
.

90. , ,
-
,

. , ,
,

. ,
, , ,
,

. ,

()
. , ,
,
, .
,
.

91. , ,
, , ,
( ) ,
,
, .
, ,
. ,
(IP) . .

. , ,
,
. . , ,
IP
.

92. , , ,
-
. ,
- ,
. ,
.
, (320 )
, (.
43- ) ,

. ,

, .

93. ,
, ,
,

.
.
1.

94.
. ,
, , :
( )
( ).

.
-
.

95. ,
,
. ,

.

2. -19 (Article 19)

96. -19 ,
, ,
- .
.
, ,
,
.-19 ,

.

97. -19 ,
,
. ,

,
.

,
; ,
. ,
( )
.

3. Acces

98. Access- ,
.
-8 -9
,

. Access-
,
.
99. Access - ,

.
,
. Access- ,
-
.

100. , ,
,
,
. ,
,
,
.

4. (Media Legal Defence Initiative)

101. (MLDI) 28
, . ,
.

,
,

.

102. MLDI- ,
,
, , 2.0 .
,
,
.

103. MLDI , ,
, ,
.
- ,
,
, ,

.
, -

.

104. MLDI-
,

. ,
.

, .
,
, ,
.

5. EDiMA, CCIA Europe EuroISPA

105. (the European Digital Media

Association (EDiMA)), (the
Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA Europe)) EuroISPA,
- - ,
.

106. , ,
, ,

, . ,

.

107. ,
(. ),
,
,
.
, -
,
.

108. ,
, ,
, ,
, / .
,
.
,
.
( , )
.

109. ,

-
.
( )
,
.
.
1.

110. ,

.
(. Ahmet Yldrm v. Turkey, no.
3111/10, 48, ECHR 2012, Times Newspapers Ltd (nos. 1 2) v. the United
Kingdom, nos. 3002/03 23676/03, 27, ECHR 2009). ,

. ,
,
, ,
.

. ,
, , -10 -8
.
, ,
. ,
, ,


.

111. ,

, ,
.

112. , ,
(. 31- , 2009
10 14),
. ,
,
,
, .
[ -] ,
,

. ,
. [] ,
, ,
/.
113. .
, -


, , -
,

.
,
, [] ,
, ,
, ( )
( ) -10

(. 46- - CM/Rec(2011)7
, 7). , ,
, -
- ,
-10 ,
-.

114. , , ,

.
, ,
(. 31- ,
, 15)., ( 16)
,
. ,
.-
,
(. , 18).

115. , ,
, -
10 -2 ,

, ( ,
)
.
, -
,
,
.
116. , - ,
-
-,
,
;
,
,
.

117. , ,
- -;
,
, (. ,
15). , , ,

. ,
,
.
.

2.

118. ,
-10
. .

119.
, -10 -2

.

3.

120. , -2
,
,
- , ,
,
(. . VgT Verein gegen Tierfabriken v. Switzerland, no.
24699/94, 52, ECHR 2001 VI; Rotaru v. Romania [GC], no. 28341/95, 52, ECHR
2000-V; Gawda v. Poland, no. 26229/95, 39, ECHR 2002-II; Maestri v. Italy [GC],
no. 39748/98, 30, ECHR 2004-I). ,

- ,
(. Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano v. Italy [GC], no. 38433/09,
 140, ECHR 2012; Kruslin v. France, 1990. 24 , 29, A no. 176-A;
Kopp v. Switzerland, 1998.25 , 59, ,
1998-II).

121. , .
, -10 -2
, ,
:
, ,
, ,
. ,
. , ,
,
, . , ,
-,
(. . Lindon, Otchakovsky-Laurens and July v. France [GC], nos.
21279/02 36448/02, 41, ECHR 2007 IV, Centro Europa 7
S.r.l. and Di Stefano, 141).

122. -
, ,
,
(. Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano, 142). , ,

,
(.
Lindon, Otchakovsky-Laurens and July, 41, . Cantoni v. France, 1996
15 , 35, 1996 V, Chauvy and Others v. France, no.
64915/01, 43-45, ECHR 2004 VI).

123. ,

. , ,

, ,
. , -

,
.

124.
,
,
. , ,
, ,
 , .. ,

.

,
. ,

.

125. ,
,
.
. ,
,

, .

126. , (. 112
113) ,
,
. ,
, []
, ,
/
1047- (. 31,
-14 ).

127. , ,

,

. ,
,
.
- ,
(. . Centro Europa 7 S.r.l. and Di Stefano,
140, Rekvnyi v. Hungary [GC], no. 25390/94, 35, ECHR 1999 III).
,

. ,

(. Gorzelik and Others v. Poland [GC], no. 44158/98, 67,
ECHR 2004 I). ,

 , -10 -2
.

128. ,
,
.
,
,
,
,
, ,
,

(. -13 ,
31- ). ,
,

,

(. , 58).


(. , 46)
(. mutatis mutandis,
Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and Shtekel v. Ukraine, no. 33014/05, 63-64, ECHR
2011). ,
,
, , ( )

; ,
,

,
.

129. , , ,
,
;
. ,
-
,
,
,
(.
, 15). , ,

.
,
, -10 -2
.

4.

130. ,

.
.

5.

()

131.
(.
Hertel v. Switzerland, 1998. 25 , 46, 1998 VI; Steel
and Morris v. the United Kingdom, no. 68416/01, 87, ECHR 2005 II; Mouvement
ralien suisse v. Switzerland [GC], no.16354/06, 48, ECHR 2012; Animal
Defenders International v. the United Kingdom [GC], no. 48876/08, 100, ECHR
2013); :

(i)

. -10 -2

, , ,
. ,
, .
-10 , ,
...
...

(ii) 10 2
.

, ,
,
.
-10
.

(iii)
, -10
 ,
. ,
,
;
,

... ,
-10
, ...

132. ,
. , ,

,

, - (. Jersild v.
Denmark, 1994. 23 , 31, A no. 298; De Haes and Gijsels v.
Belgium, 1997 24 , 37, Reports 1997 I; Bladet Troms and Stensaas
v. Norway [GC], no. 21980/93, 58, ECHR 1999 III).
(. Prager
and Oberschlick v. Austria, 1995 . 26 , 38, Series A no. 313, and Bladet
Troms and Stensaas, 59).
, (.
. Castells v. Spain, 1992 . 23 , 46, Series A no. 236; Incal v. Turkey,
1998. 9 , 54, 1998 IV; , Tammer v. Estonia, no. 41205/98,
62, ECHR 2001 I).

133. , ,
, ,

, (. Ahmet
Yldrm, 48, Times Newspapers Ltd, 27)., -

,
,
(. Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and Shtekel, 63).

134. - ,
,
-
(. Purcell and Others v. Ireland, no. 15404/89, 1991.16
, , 70, . 262).

- (.
Jersild, 31).
135. ,

.
(. Jersild, 35; Thoma v. Luxembourg, no. 38432/97, 62, ECHR 2001
III; mutatis mutandis, Verlagsgruppe News GmbH v. Austria, no. 76918/01, 31,
2006. 14 , Print Zeitungsverlag GmbH v. Austria, no. 26547/07, 39,
2013.10 ).

136. , , -17 , -10

.
,
, ,

(. Lehideux and Isorni v. France, 1998. 23
, 47 53, 1998 VII; Garaudy v. France (dec.), no. 65831/01,
ECHR 2003 IX; Norwood v. the United Kingdom (dec.), no. 23131/03, ECHR 2004 XI;
Witzsch v. Germany (dec.), no. 7485/03, 2005. 13 ; Pavel Ivanov v.
Russia (dec.), no. 35222/04, 2007. 20 ).

137. , -
8 , (. Chauvy and
Others, 70; Pfeifer v. Austria, no. 12556/03, 35, 2007.15 ; Polanco
Torres and Movilla Polanco v. Spain, no. 34147/06, 40, 2010.21 ).
, -8 ,

(. A. v. Norway, no.
28070/06, 64, 2009. 9 , Axel Springer AG v. Germany [GC], no.
39954/08, 83, 2012.7 ).

138.

,

,
; ,
-10
-8 (.
Hachette Filipacchi Associs v. France, no. 71111/01, 43, 2007. 14 ; MGN
Limited v. the United Kingdom, no. 39401/04, 142, 2011. 18 ; Axel
Springer AG, 84).

139. , -10 -8

,
 - , -10
, -8
. ,

(. Axel Springer AG, 87, Von Hannover v. Germany (no. 2)
[GC], nos. 40660/08 60641/08, 106, ECHR 2012; , . Hachette
Filipacchi Associs, 41; Timciuc v. Romania (dec.), no. 28999/03, 144, 2010. 12
; Mosley v. the United Kingdom, no. 48009/08, 111, 2011.10 ).
,

,
(.
Axel Springer AG, 88, Von Hannover (no. 2), 107; , .MGN Limited,
150 155, , Palomo Snchez and Others v. Spain [GC], nos. 28955/06,
28957/06, 28959/06 28964/06, 57, 2011. 12 ).
,
,
(. Evans v.
the United Kingdom [GC], no. 6339/05, 77, ECHR 2007 I; Chassagnou and Others v.
France [GC], nos. 25088/94, 28331/95 28443/95, 113, ECHR 1999 III; Ashby
Donald and Others v. France, no. 36769/08, 40, 2013. 10 ).

()

(i)

140. ,
,
, .
,

(. ,
84). ,
,
-10 (.
136).,
.
, -10
,

.

141. ,
, .- (. ,
 18 19),
,
.
1047(3) ,
, ,
,
, ,
,
. ,
, - ..
, ,
. ,
,
, 1050(1) (.
, 16,
31- ).

142. ,
,

,
(. , 131).
,
,

,
: ,
,
-

(. , 85-86).

143. ,
,
(. , 112-117).

(ii)

144. , ,

, ,

. ,
,
. ,

- ,
,

. ,


()
. ,
,

,
. ,
,
. , ,
, ,
(.
-13 ,
31- ).

145. ,
, /
; , ,
, , ,
, , .
,
. ,

- .
,
,
.

146. ,
,

, . ,
,
-10 .

(iii)

147.
, ,
.
 ,
,
-. ,
, ,
,
,
.
, Google Google-
.
,
,

, ,
,
(. , 56).

148. ,
.
,
,
,
(. -
)
,
.
,


. ,

.
.

149. , .. ,
, : ,

,

,
-
,
(. K.U. v. Finland, no. 2872/02, 49, ECHR 2008.).
,
,
, , ,
 . ,
,
. ,
,

(ibid 47 49). ,


,
, - (
)
.

150.
, ,
, .
,
244-


IP ,
; ,
IP
.
, ,
;
.

151.
, ,
- .
,
, ,
,

, ,

. (#4)
,
, ,
, ,
,
(. Krone Verlags GmbH & Co. KG v. Austria (no. 4), no.
72331/01, 32, 2006. 9 ).
(iv)

152. ,
,
,
.
185 , .

,
(. , 17-
19).

153. ,
,
, [ ]
. ,
, , [
] - .. ,
- (.
-16 , 31-
). , ,

- ,
,
. ,


,
, .
-10
, ,
,
, ,

. , (.
145),
, ,

,
, , ,
.

154. ,

 ,
,
. ,

,
.

155. ,
. ,
,
, ;
, , ,
,
. ,
,
; - - ,

. ,
, .

156. , , ,

. , ,


,
. ,

, .
,
.- . ,
,
, ,
-10 (.
136). ,

(. 18).

157. ,


.
,
, ,
,

-
- .

,
(. Ahmet Yldrm, 48, Times Newspapers Ltd, 27) ,
,
(. Editorial Board of
Pravoye Delo and Shtekel, 63; , . Mosley, 130).

158. , ,
- , ,

,
. ,
,

.
,
,
,
.

159. , (. , 78),
-
. ,
,
. ,
, ()

,
(. , 136- ) (. , 153- ),
,
,
-10
,
,
.

(v)

160. ,
, ,
 320
. -
,
,
(.
, 93- ). ,

(. ,
43).
. ,
,
.
,


.

161. , ,
.
,
-
, ,
.
, .
, ,
,
(. 32- 83- ).
, ,
.

(vi)

162. ,

, ,

,


,
, ,

,
.
, -10 .

, 15 ,
-10 .

, 2015 16 .

452 742 ,
:

() , ,

()

()

D.S.
J.C.

, ,

1. , -10 ,
: (1)
, (2)
, .
2. ,
(
153-154).
3.
,

. ,
,
,
( 31- ).
4. :
(1) ,
,
, ; (2)
,
,
.
5. ,
, ,

,
. ,
,
.
6.
,
,
. ,

, (
). ,
, ,
. , ,
,
. ,
, ,
, , ,
, ,
,
, ,
, ,
.
7. , ,
,
,
.

, -10 .
8. :
, , -10
. ,
, ,
.
9. , ,
.
10. ,
,

. , -8 ,
.
, -10 ,

,
, . ,

, . ,
,
. ,

,
, .
, ,
-10 . ,

.
11. ,

, ,
, , ,
, . ,
, ,
,
.
12. , , ,
,
,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
.
13. ,
, ,
, -10
 . ,
,
,
, .
14. ,
.
15. ,
, 6
, ,
, ,
,
.
, ,

, ,
.
16. , ,
. ,
,
,
.

, . ,
.
,
, ,
,
.

, .
von Hannover v. Germany (no. 1) (no. 59320/00, ECHR
2004-VI), , Persnlichkeitsrecht
, ,
.
-
, .

,[3] , .
, ,
, - .

. , ,
 ,
.
,
, actio iniurirarum,
, -
, convicium, adtemptata pudicitia infamatio.[4] ,
,
. ,

,
- .
:
Les droits de la personnalit constituent lensemble des prrogatives juridiques
portant sur des intrts moraux (identit, vie prive, honneur) et le corps humain ou
les moyens de leur ralisation (correspondances, domicile, image), exercs par des
personnes juridiques (physiques ou morales) et qui sont sanctionns par des actions
en justice civiles (cessation du trouble, rparation des prjudices) et pnales.
Au carrefour du droit civil (personnes, contrats, biens), du droit pnal et des droits
de lhomme, et aussi des procdures civile et pnale, la matire fait lobjet dune
jurisprudence foisonnante, en droit interne et en droit europen, fonde sur des
sources varies nationales (Code civil, Code pnal, Loi informatique et liberts, Loi
relative la libert de la presse) et internationales (CESDH, PIDCP, DUDH, Charte des
droits fondamentaux), qui opre une balance juridictionnelle entre la protection de la
personne et dautres valeurs telles que la libert dexpression ou les ncessits de la
preuve.[5]
:
1954 Bundesgerichtshof-
,
1- -2 , ,
, 823
(1) ( [
, ] 13, 334, 338 ...).
.

( 22 ff. of the KUG [ ])
( 12 of the BGB).
.[6]
, ,


, .
, , ,
.
,
,
. ( 90- ),

() , ,
. ,
, ,
. ,
.
, 2013 10 Print
Zeitungverlag GmbH v. Austria (no. 26547/07,
, ) 2,000

, ,
.[7]
,

.

, , ,
,
.
,
,
300
. Print
Zeitungverlag GmbH v. Austria,
, ,
.
,

, ,
.
, ,
, ,
.

, ,
,
. ,
, ,
,
 .
, .

I.

1.
,
[8] (, ,
,
). ,
. .
, ,
. ,
,
,
,
. .
2. ,
.[9] ,


,
.
,
,
(. ISP), , ,
. ,
A B-
, A-
, , B-
.[10] A-
, ,
, B- A-
. , ,
A , , B-
, . ,
...
,
, , ,
.[11]
,
, ( ) :
; (
 );
( , ,
, ,
).
3.
.
Drapiers Letters ,
( ),
.

, 1831 . [12]
, ,
.

4. ,
, ,
,
. Rantsev v. Cyprus and
Russia (no. 25965/04, 197, ECHR 2010):[13]
[]
, , ,
,
( Ireland
v. the United Kingdom, 1978 18 , 154, A no. 25; Guzzardi v.
Italy, 1980 6 , 86, A no. 39; Karner v. Austria,
no. 40016/98, 26, ECHR 2003-IX). ,
,

, ,

( Karner, ,
26; Capital Bank AD v. Bulgaria, no. 49429/99, 78 - 79, ECHR 2005-XII).
5. , Animal Defenders International v.
the United Kingdom ([GC] no. 48876/08, 108, ECHR 2013):
,

(James and Others, 36).
6. (
110 ),
. ,
, ,
 , .
. , .
,
.
. ,
( Ashby Donald and Others v. France,
no. 36769/08, 34, 2013 10 , Wgrzynowski and Smolczewski v.
Poland, no. 33846/07, 58, 2013 16 ).[14]
7. , 13 ,
,
. ,

, .
,
, (
) .
(
).
,
, ,
.

8.
, ,
(
153),
, .
, .
, ,
,
,
. ,
[15]
9.
, ( ,
)
. ...
... []
, (
116 ). ,
. .

II.


10. , ,

,
. .
11. ,
.
,
.
, ,
,
.
, .
, ( 86- ),
. ,
, , ,
, ,
.

. 20
.

12. ,
, .
:
, ,
.
117 ,
...
[16] ( 140- ). , 130-
(
), .
, .
, (
no. 9 -18 )
? [17]
13. , . ,
, , ,
. no. 2
, ,
.
14. ,
, ,
. ,
, , ,
, ?
.

.
, ,
.[18] ,
, .
,
,
(, ,
).
15. ,
,
, L-
. ,
, ,
, ,
, .

, [19]

16. , ,
,
. ,
.
.
.

17. , , ,
.
. ,

.
,

, , .
,

,

,
. ,
. ,

. -10
( )

. ,

.

, lex specialis . ,
,
,
. ,
,
. ,
,
. ,

.
18. ,
, . ,
10 2- ,
,
; , ,
, ,

. ,
( Lindon, Otchakovsky-Laurens and July v. France [GC],
nos. 21279/02 and 36448/02, 41, ECHR 2007-IV).[20]
,

. ,
, , 2013

,
(
C-291/13,Papasavvas, CJEU). 2013
, , 2014
, , 2006
?
19. , ,

.
2005 21 .
, 2006 24
( ),
:

1047- [avaldamine]
,
. ... ,
[avaldamine] , / [avaldaja]
, ,
.

[ajakirjanduslik tegevus]. ,
[internetiajakirjandus] ,
,
[trkiajakirjanduse vljaanne]. [vljaandja]
[ ]
, ,
. ,
.
,
[vljaandja]
/ [avaldajad] .

20.
.
,
, .

/ .
(avaldajad)
(vljaandja). ,
(,
) . ,
, vljaandja ,
, avaldajad?
, .
( 75- ), ,
( )
.
,
 - ,
, ,
.
, ,
,
, .
,
,
,
,
. ,
(chilling effect)
. .[21]
21. ,

.
,
( Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and
Shtekel, , 63). ,
,

. CM/Rec(2011)7,
, ,
, ,
.

22. , ,
[22] (
,
, ,
40), .
[23] -8 -10
139- ,
.
23. , ,
.
, ,

.

24. 142- ,
,

,
(. , 131).
, ,
, ,
,
. ,
.

25. ,
.[24] ,
, ,
.
,
,
;
( 131,
). ,

( , )? ,
, (
131) ,
, -10
,
... (
, ).
26. ,

.
: ,
,
,
,
.
,
, .
.

27. ,
.
, .
 [25]

. ,

. ,
:
[] ,
, ,
/ (
112- ).
,

,
, - ,
-
... ,
, ,
-
, -10 ,
-
( 113).
,

.
. ,
,
, , ,
.
,
,
CM/Rec(2011)7 ( 46-
), .
, 115-117
, ,
.
28. ( , )
,
. ,
( Mouvement ralien suisse v.
Switzerland [GC], no 16354/06, 61, ECHR 2012). ,
,
, ,
( Hertel v. Switzerland, 25
August 1998, 47, , , 1998-VI).
, ()
 ,
. ,
.
29. ,
,
. auctor-
,
( ).
,
. ,
.
.
( )
. .
.
, ,

.
.
30. ,
.
, ,

, .

, .
,
.
31. (
, ) :
() (
,
/);
() ,

.

,
,
(,
, ), .

. ,
. ,
,
 .
, .
. ,
.
32. .
/ .

33. , ,

,
,
.
,
, .

. .
34. ,

. , 153-
, ,
. ,

, .

. ,
[26].
,
.
35. ,
,
, , 24
. ,
,
.
,
.
36.
[27] ?
.
:
, ,
,
. ,
 .
( ;
;
?)
, ,
. .
,
. ,
. ,
( 159),
.[28]
: ,
, ,
.
37.
de facto
. ,

, ,
,
, .
, ,
. ,
( )
.
38. ,
, ,
,
( ).

. 10 2
:
,
,
. , 10 2 .

( )

39. ,
. ,
:
.
,
.

 . -10 ,
,
, ,
,
(Stoll v.
Switzerland [GC], no. 69698/01, 103, ECHR 2007-V).[29]
. ,
,
;
,
,
,
,
( Jersild v. Denmark, 1994 23 , 35,
A no. 298). ,
, ,
, . ,
;

. ,
,
.

(, ztrk v. Turkey [GC],
no. 22479/93, 49, ECHR 1999-VI);
.
.
40.
, ,
, ,


.
41. ,
, .

, ,
.
42. .
,
, .
,
. , ,
, ,
.
 ,
.
43. , ,
( ,
), ,
. ,
.
, ,
2006 . ,
.
. ,
. ,
( ,
)
, .
,
.
, , .

, (
)
.

.
,
. ,
.


.
. [30]
.

,
, (
, ).

. ,
.
,
. , 1643 14
,
(
; ,
; , ,
; ).
, ,
( -
).
(Stationers Company)
,
.
, ,
.

: , 1644 .
, ()
. ,
.
, ,
.
.

[1]. ,
29
, ,
.
[2].
/, /.
[3]. . . , 4(5) Harvard
Law Review 193-201 (1890). :
http://www.jstor.org/stable/1321160?origin=JSTOR-pdf&seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
( 2015 23 ).
[4]. , ,
, (eds.), Cambridge University Press,
, 2010, . 18 51.
[5]. : DROITS DE LA PERSONNALIT, Jean-Christophe Saint-Paul (ed.), 2013,
http://boutique.lexisnexis.fr/jcshop3/355401/fiche_produit.htm ( 2015
23 ). :
, (,
, ) ,
(, , );
( ),

( , .).
 (, , ),
,

,
( , ,
, ,
) (
, ,
, ),
,
, .
[6]. Marlene Dietrich Case, BGH 1 ZR 49/97,
, , ,
athttp://www.utexas.edu/law/academics/centers/transnational/work_new/german/case.ph
p?id=726 ( 2015 23 ).

[7]. : http://hudoc.echr.coe.int/sites/eng/pages/search.aspx?i=001-
126629 ( 2015 24 ).
[8]. : ,
, University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 161: 1579.
[9]. . ,
, 127 Harvard Law Review 2296 (2014).
[10]. Ibid. at 2309.
[11]. Ibid. at 2311.
[12]. . , (ed.), Discussion du Congrs national de Belgique
1830-1831 (Tome premier, 10 novembre-31 dcembre 1830) , , Socit
typographique belge Adolphe Wahlen et Cie (1844). , 651-
652.
1831 ,
, ,
,
25- , ,
, ,
. 1830- ?
[13]. Konstantin Markin v.
Russia [GC], no. 30078/06, 89, ECHR 2012.
[14]. While the passage from Pravoye Delo-
( 128)
,
Pravoye Delo-
,
,
(Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and Shtekel v. Ukraine, no. 33014/05, 63-64, ECHR
2011).
[15]. -
, ,
, ,
.
. , ,
,
230 (a).
, .
[16]. .
.
, ,
, ,
, ,
, .
,
, , ,
(
(A/HRC/28/64), , 28- ).
: at: http://www.ohchr.org/EN/NewsEvents/Pages/DisplayNews.aspx?
NewsID=15716&LangID=E#sthash.XYM1WUqO.dpuf

.
[17]. ,
( Srek v. Turkey (no. 1) [GC],
no. 26682/95, 62, ECHR 1999-IV; Datekin v. Turkey, no. 36215/97, 2005 13
; Erbakan v. Turkey, no. 59405/00, 56, 2006 6 ; Lindon,
Otchakovsky-Laurens and July v. France [GC], nos. 21279/02 and 36448/02, 56-58,
ECHR 2007-IV; Otegi Mondragon v. Spain, no. 2034/07, 54, ECHR 2011; Vejdeland
v. Sweden, no. 1813/07, 55, 2012 9 ).
[18]. Stoll v. Switzerland [GC], no. 69698/01, 54-56, ECHR
2007-V), ,
; ,
.
[19]. , , The New Yorker, 13 April 2015.
[20]. ,
. :
, , -
, .
, ,
, :
. , ,
, ,
, ,
, .
[21]. Editorial Board of Pravoye Delo and Shtekel v. Ukraine (
), -10
, , ,
-10 ,
, ,
.
[22]. .
[23].
,
,
(
Axel Springer AG v. Germany [GC], no. 39954/08, 88, 2012 7 , Von
Hannover v. Germany (no. 2) [GC], nos. 40660/08 60641/08, 107, ECHR 2012).
, ,

. ,
.
[24].
, . ,
,
. , ,
.
.
,
, ,
.
,
, ex post facto.
, .
[25]. Ashby Donald and Others, , 34, and Wgrzynowski
and Smolczewski, , 58.
[26]. , ,

. , ,

, ,
,

( 153).
[27]. , ,
,
.
[28].
. , 6
 . L.-
, ,
,
?
[29].
, 132- ,
,

.
.
,
:
,
( see News Verlags GmbH & Co. KG v. Austria,
no. 31457/96, 56, ECHR 2000-I; Dupuis and Others v. France , no. 1914/02 35, 2007
7 ; Campos Dmaso v. Portugal , no. 17107/05, 31, 2008 24
). Axel Springer AG ( ), 80 79.
[30]. ,
, 37 Stanford Law Review 661, 673 (1985).
, , Routledge,
(2002).