MATHEMATICAL METHODS UNIT 2 EXAM REVISION

Exponential and logarithmic functions

Name: ____________________________

1 Write in simplest index notation:

(a 3 b 2 ) 2 (4ab 3 ) 3

8 a 3b 9 2

2 Write in simplest index notation:

2

5 1024 2 8 3

32 0.6

3 Solve for x in the equation 2 2 x 3 64 x 0.

4 Solve for x in the equation 52 x 4(5 x ) 5 0.

5 1
x

For the graph: y 6 , state the:

2

(a) asymptote
(b) y-intercept
(c) domain
(d) range.

6 1
Evaluate log 3 .
3

7 Simplify 5log 38 2 log 316 .

8 2 1
Simplify log 4 27 log 4 25 .
3 2

9 Solve for x: log 5 (2 x 3) 4

10 Sketch the graph of y = 10x, and hence sketch the graph of y = log10x on the same set of axes.

Circular functions

11 An 800-metre long taut chairlift cable enables the chairlift to rise 300 metres vertically. What is the
angle of elevation (to the nearest degree) of the cable?

12 What are the exact values of the following?

(a) sin 45

(b) tan 60

(c) cos 60

13 What are the exact values of the following?

(a) sin 390

(b) tan ( 150)

(c) cos ( 135)

(d) tan 600

14 Convert the following to exact radian values.

(a) 90

(b) 150

(c) 240
15 Convert the following to radian values correct to 3 decimal places.
(a) 70

(b) 160

(c) 390

16 Convert the following radian values to degrees.

(a)
6
3
(b)
4
7
(c)
3

17 Convert each of the following radian values to degrees, correct to the nearest degree.
(a) 4.56

(b) 6

(c) 0.07

18 What are the exact values of the following?

(a) sin
4
3
(b) tan
4
7
(c) cos
6

19 What are the values of the following correct to 3 decimal places? (Make sure your calculator is set
on radians.)
(a) sin 1.2
(b) tan 2.86
(c) cos 0.045
20 If sin 0.7, write down the value of:
(a) sin
(b) sin
(c) sin
(d) sin 2

21 If cos 0.3, and tan 1.8, write down the value of:
(a) cos
(b) tan
(c) tan
(d) cos 2
22 8
If sin x and 0 x , find an exact value for cos x.
17 2

23 State the period and amplitude of:

(a) y 3 sin 2 x

1
(b) y cos x
2
Sketch both graphs for x [0, 2].

24 State the period and asymptotes of

y = 2 tan 4x.
Hence, sketch the graph of y = 2 tan 4x for

x ,
4 4

25 Find the value of x in the following equation. (Give answers to the nearest degree.)

4 cos x 3.8 = 0 for x [0, 360].

Rates of change

26 Find the cost of each of the following.

(a) 300 newspapers at 80 cents each

(b) 59.25 hours work at $16/hour

27 Express the following as the rate indicated in the brackets.
(a) 350 kilometres using 80 litres of fuel (km/L)

(b) 20 000 cans consumed by 500 people (cans/person)

28 At a jamboree, cordial is consumed at a rate of 200 litres per hour. At what rate (containers/hour)
will an 80-litre container need to be replenished to keep up with demand?

29 A car travelling from Melbourne to Sydney averages 60 km/h for the first 120 km, averages 100
km/h for the next 400 km and completes the last 300 km at an average of 75 km/h.
(a) How far is the journey?

(b) How long do each of the 3 stages take?

(c) What is the total time for the journey?

(d) What is the overall average speed?

30 A bath with a capacity of 800 litres is being filled at a rate given by V = 50t, where t is measured in
minutes.
(a) How much water is in the bath after 3 minutes?

(b) How long will it take to fill the bath?

31 The cost to hire a taxi can be represented by the equation C = 2.5 + 1.1d, where C is cost in dollars
and d is distance in kilometres.
(a) How much will a journey of 38 km cost?

(b) How far could you travel for $10?

32 Which of the following represent constant rates?

(a) Nine cement mixers delivering concrete in the first 3 hours followed by 6 cement mixers
delivering concrete in the next 2 hours.

(b) Five kg of mince added to 12 kg of spaghetti followed by a further 3 kg of mince added to a

further 7 kg of spaghetti.

33 For the function with the rule f ( x) x 2 2 ,

what is the gradient of the chord that connects the points x = 1 and x = 2?

34 A colony of organisms is increasing at a rate according to the rule N (t ) 3t 2 5, where N is the

number of organisms at any time t hours.
(a) What is the gradient of the chord that connects the points t = 1 and t = 2?

(b) What is the average rate of increase in the number of organisms between t = 1 and
t = 2?
35 Which of the following are instantaneous rates?
(a) A beehive produces honey at a rate of
2 kg/h.
(b) A racing car passes the finish line at
350 km/h.
(c) A fisherman catches 12 fish/h.

Differentiation

36 Evaluate the following limits.

(a) lim( x 2)
x 2

(b) lim( x 2 4 x 4)
x2

(c) lim( x3 8)
x 2

37 Evaluate the following limits.

x2 4
(a) lim
x2
x2

x3 8
(b) lim
x2
x2
38 Evaluate the following limit.
x 3 64
lim 2
x 2 x 16 x 4 x 16
2

39 For what values of x is the function in:

(a) question 37(a) discontinuous?

(b) question 37(b) discontinuous?

(c) question 38 discontinuous?

40 Investigate the following limit.

2 x, x [0, 2]
lim f ( x)
4 x , x (2, 6]
2
x 2
41 Investigate the following limit.
2 x, x [3, 6]
lim f ( x) 2
x 3 x 9, x [ 3, 3)

42 Find f x h for each of the following.

(a) f x 3x 6

(b) f x x2 4x 3
43 (a) What is the gradient of the straight line
with equation f x 4 x 7 ?

(b) Compare the answer to part (a) with the

answer to the following limit.

f x h f x
lim
h 0 h

Write your conclusion.

44 f x h f x
Use the limit lim to find an
h 0 h
expression for the gradient for each of the
following.
(a) f x 7 x 3

(b) f x x2 2x 8
45 For each of the following, find f ( x ) using
first principles and then evaluate f ( 3) .
(a) f x x 2 3x

(b) f x x3 x 2
46 1
Find the derivative of using first principles.
x

47 Find the derivative of the following by rule.

(a)
5x4

(b)
3
2x

(c)
7
48 dy
Find if y equals:
dx

(a) 1
x
2

(b)
x5 3x 4 9

(c)
xa

49 Find f ( x) if f (x) equals:

(a) x 2 2 x 5

4 x 9
2
(b)

(c) 2 x 3 4 x 2 6 x 9
50 Find the derivative of each of the following.
1
(a) x 4

(b) x

1
(c)
x

2
(d) 5
x2
51 For each of the following, use first principles
to find f (x ) .
(a) f (x) 3 x 2 5 x 4

(b) f (x) x x 3
52 For the parabola with equation
y = 2x2 5x 12, find:
(a) the gradient at the x-intercepts

(b) the coordinates of the point when the

gradient is zero.

53 If f x x 2 2 x 8 , find:
(a) the average rate of change between
x = 3 and x = 6

(b) a function that describes the rate of

change

(c) the instantaneous rate of change at x =

3.
54 If the position of a vehicle is given by the
equation x t 2t 2 20t , find:
(a) the average rate of change (velocity)
between t = 1 and t = 3

(b) a function that describes the velocity

(c) the instantaneous velocity at t = 3.

55 For the vehicle in question 54, find:

(a) the average rate of change (velocity)
between t = 6 and t = 8

(b) the instantaneous velocity at t = 8.

56 For the vehicle in question 54, find when and

where the velocity is zero.
57 A large snowball is melting according to the
equation V t 144 t 2 . Find:
(a) the average rate of change between
t = 4 and t = 9

(b) a function that describes the rate of

change

(c) the instantaneous rate of change at

t = 9.

58 For each of the following, determine the

values of x where the gradient is zero.
(a) f x x2 4x 3

(b) f x x 3 27 x 3
59 For each of the functions in question 58,
locate the stationary points.
60 What types of stationary point were found in
question 59? Sketch both of the functions,
showing stationary points and y-intercepts.
61 Locate all stationary points for the graph with
equation f x x 2 2 x 4 .
Sketch the function.
62 For the graph with equation f ( x ) 64 x 3 ,
locate all stationary points and sketch the
function.
63 A projectile is fired with a trajectory equation
of H(x) = 20 + 8x x2, x [0, 10], where H
is the vertical height and x is the horizontal
displacement (both measured in metres).
What is the maximum height and at what
horizontal displacement does it occur?

Sketch the path of the projectile.

64 The profit (p, in dollars) to be earned by a

small company per day is related to the
number of employees (x) according to the
equation p(x) = 2000 + 216x 2x3,
x [1, 10].

How many employees are needed for

maximum profit? What is the maximum
profit?

Sketch the profit function.

65 A farmer plans to use a river as one boundary
of a rectangular paddock. If the farmer has
480 m of fencing to fence the other 3 sides,
what dimensions should the paddock be to
ensure maximum area?

66 What numbers, when squared and added to

their own squared reciprocals, lead to a
minimum value?

67 The sum of two numbers is 10. What are the

two numbers if the sum of their squares is a
minimum?
Antidifferentiation
68 Find a function that differentiates to:
(a)
4x3

(b)
2x

(c)
5

69 Find f (x) if f x equals:

3
(a) x

5
(b)
x4
70 dy 2 5
If = x + 2x 1 and the point (1, )
dx 3
belongs to the curve, find the equation for y.

71 If f x 4 x 4 x and f (2) = 15, find f (x).

3
72 dy
If = (x + 2)3 and the y-intercept is 4, find
dx
the equation for y.

73 A particle, starting from the origin, moves with

dx
velocity given by = 4t3 3t2 + 2t 1,
dt
where x is position in metres and t is time in
seconds. How far has the particle moved after
t = 3 seconds?

74 The gradient function for a particular curve has

dy 3 3
the rule x . If the curve passes through
dx x
the point (4, 3), find the equation of the curve.
75 If the gradient of a curve is given by
dy 3
4 and the curve passes through the
dx x 2
point (2, 5), find the equation of the curve.