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FA5500AP/AN
FA5501AP/AN
November `02
Fuji Electric Co., Ltd.
Matsumoto Factory
1
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WARNING
1.This Data Book contains the product specifications, characteristics, data, materials, and structures
as of November 2002. The contents are subject to change without notice for specification changes
or other reasons. When using a product listed in this Data Book, be sure to obtain the latest
specifications.
2. All applications described in this Data Book exemplify the use of Fuji's products for your reference
only. No right or license, either express or implied, under any patent, copyright, trade secret or other
intellectual property right owned by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. is (or shall be deemed) granted. Fuji
makes no representation or warranty, whether express or implied, relating to the infringement or
alleged infringement of other's intellectual property rights which may arise from the use of the
applications described herein.
3. Although Fuji Electric is enhancing product quality and reliability, a small percentage of
semiconductor products may become faulty. When using Fuji Electric semiconductor products in
your equipment, you are requested to take adequate safety measures to prevent the equipment
from causing a physical injury, fire, or other problem if any of the products become faulty. It is
recommended to make your design fail-safe, flame retardant, and free of malfunction.
4.The products introduced in this Data Book are intended for use in the following electronic and
electrical equipment which has normal reliability requirements.
Computers OA equipment Communications equipment (terminal devices)
Measurement equipment Machine tools Audiovisual equipment Electrical home
appliances Personal equipment Industrial robots etc.
5.If you need to use a product in this Data Book for equipment requiring higher reliability than normal,
such as for the equipment listed below, it is imperative to contact Fuji Electric to obtain prior
approval. When using these products for such equipment, take adequate measures such as a
backup system to prevent the equipment from malfunctioning even if a Fuji's product incorporated in
the equipment becomes faulty.
Transportation equipment (mounted on cars and ships) Trunk communications equipment
Traffic-signal control equipment Gas leakage detectors with an auto-shut-off feature
Emergency equipment for responding to disasters and anti-burglary devices Safety devices
6. Do not use products in this Data Book for the equipment requiring strict reliability such as (without
limitation)
Space equipment Aeronautic equipment Atomic control equipment
Submarine repeater equipment Medical equipment
7. Copyright 1995 by Fuji Electric Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this Data Book may be
reproduced in any form or by any means without the express permission of Fuji Electric.
8. If you have any question about any portion in this Data Book, ask Fuji Electric or its sales agents
before using the product. Neither Fuji nor its agents shall be liable for any injury caused by any use
of the products not in accordance with instructions set forth herein.
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CONTENTS
Pages
1. Description . 4
2. Features . 4
3. Outline . 4
4. Types of FA5500A/01A . 4
5. Block diagram . 5
6. Pin assignment . 5
7. Ratings and characteristics . 68
8. Characteristic curves . 9 12
Note
Parts tolerance and characteristics are not defined in all application described in this Data book. When design an
actual circuit for a product, you must determine parts tolerances and characteristics for safe and economical
operation.
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1. Description
FA5500A/FA5501A are control ICs for a power factor correction converter using critical conduction mode of operation.
This IC uses a CMOS device with high dielectric strength (30V) to implement low power consumption. These ICs contain
compensated current sense comparator for light load and open/short protection at feedback (FB) pin. Compensated current
sense comparator for light load keeps output voltage constant from no-load to full-load. Open/short protection at FB pin
stops output pulses when voltage divider to detect output voltage becomes fault.
2. Features
3. Outline
SOP-8 DIP-8
0.18 0.08
8 5
8 5
6.4
6 0.2
3.9
0.65 0.25
1 4
9.3
+0.10
3.3
0.20 -0.05
1.8 MAX
0o 8o
4. Types of FA5500A/01A
Type Startup Threshold Package
FA5500AP 11.5V(typ.) DIP-8
FA5500AN 11.5V(typ.) SOP-8
FA5501AP 13V(typ.) DIP-8
FA5501AN 13V(typ.) SOP-8
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5. Block diagram
MUL VCC
3 8
VREF(2.5V)
VREF(2.5V) VDD(5.0V)
VOVP(1.09VREF)
+ VZCD(1.5V/1.33V) REF UVLO
ERRAMP MUL VOS(2.0V)
VSP(0.3V)
FB 1 -
COMP 2
VOS(2.0V)
+
+ AOC
2.5A
- -
VSP(0.3V)
-
R 7 OUT
Q OVP
SP
S SP
+
VOVP
(1.09VREF)
+
OVP + -
R
- TIMER
GND 6 VZCD(1.5V/1.33V)
R
4 5
IS ZCD
6. Pin assignment
VCC OUT GND ZCD
8 7 6 5
1 2 3 4
FB COMP MUL IS
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7. Ratings and characteristics
The contents are subject to change without notice. When using a product, be sure to obtain the latest specifications.
6
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(3) Electrical Characteristics (Unless otherwise specified, Ta=25C and Vcc=12V)
ERROR AMPLIFIER(FB,COMP Pin)
Item Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Voltage Feedback Input
Vfb Ta=25C 2.465 2.500 2.535 V
Threshold
Vcc=12V to 28V
Line Regulation Regline Ta=25C -50 -20 - mV
Temperature stability VdT Ta=-30C to +105C 0.5 mV/C
Transconductance Gm Ta=25C 70 90 120 mho
Source(Vfb=2.3V) - 10 -
Output Current Io A
Sink(Vfb=2.7V) - 10 -
MULTIPLIER(COMP,MUL Pin)
Item Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Input Threshold
Vthcomp 1.79 2.04 - V
Pin2(COMP)
Dynamic Input Voltage Range
Pin3(MUL) Vpin3 0 to 2.5 0 to 3.5 - V
Pin2(COMP) Vpin2 Vthcomp to Vthcomp to
Vthcomp Vthcomp
+1.0 +1.5
Vpin3=0.5V
Gain K Vpin2=Vthcomp 0.53 0.75 0.97 1/V
+1.0V
K=Pin4Threshold/{Vpin3(Vpin2-Vthcomp)}
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DRIVE OUTPUT (OUT Pin)
Item Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Vcc=12V
Output Voltage Low State Vol - 1.2 3.3 V
Isink=200mA
Vcc=12V
Output Voltage High State Voh 7.8 8.4 V
Isouce=200mA
Output Voltage Rise Time Tr CL=1.0nF - 50 120 ns
Output Voltage Fall Time Tf CL=1.0nF - 25 100 ns
RESTART TIMER
Item Symbol Condition Min Typ Max Unit
Restart Time Delay Tdly 100 200 - s
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8. Characteristics curves
(Unless otherwise specified, Ta=25C and Vcc=12V)
Error amplifier voltage feedback input Error amplifier voltage feedback input
threshold(Vfb) vs. supply voltage(Vcc) threshold(Vfb) vs. junction temperature(Tj)
2.55 2.55
2.54 2.54
2.53 2.53
2.52 2.52
2.51 2.51
Vfb(V)
Vfb(V)
2.50 2.50
2.49 2.49
2.48 2.48
2.47 2.47
2.46 2.46
2.45 2.45
10 15 20 25 30 -50 0 50 100 150
Vcc(V) Tj(C)
1.095 1.095
Vthovp(Vfb(V))
Vthovp(Vfb(V))
1.090 1.090
1.085 1.085
1.080 1.080
10 15 20 25 30 -50 0 50 100 150
Vcc(V) Tj(C)
(Vin, increasing)
Gm(mho)
1.45
Vthis(V)
60 90
Gm
1.40
40 60 Lower threshold
(Vin, decreasing)
1.35
20 30
1.30
0 0
-50 0 50 100 150
1 10 100 1000 10000
f(kHz) Tj(C)
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FB short compraor input threshold(Vthsht) vs. FB short comparator pulldown current(Ifb) vs.
junction temperature(Tj) junction temperature(Tj)
0.40
2.65
0.35 2.60
Vthsht(V)
2.55
Ifb(A)
0.30
2.50
0.25
2.45
0.20 2.40
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150
Tj(C) Tj(C)
Current sense comparator thershold(VIS) vs. Current sense comparator thershold(VIS) vs.
MUL input voltage(Vmul) MUL input voltage(Vmul) (enlarged)
1600 Vcomp=3V Vcomp=4V
Vcomp=3.25V Vcomp=2.5V
75 Vcomp=3V Vcomp=2.25
1400 Vcomp=2.75V
Vcomp=3.5
1200 Vcomp=4 50
1000 25 Vcomp=2.1
Vcomp=2.5
VIS(mV)
VIS(mV)
Vcomp=2
800 0 Vcomp=1.8
Vcomp=2.25 Vcomp=1.7
600 -25 Vcomp=1.5
400 Vcomp=1.3
Vcomp=2.1V -50
Vcomp=2V Vcomp=1
200
-75 Vcomp=0.5
0
-100 Vcomp=0
-200 Vcomp=0V Vcomp=1V
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4
Vmul(V) Vmul(V)
0.7 200
K
195
0.6
190
0.5
185
0.4 180
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150
Tj(C) Tj(C)
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1.520
1.505
1.515
Vthis(V)
Vthis(V)
1.500 1.510
1.505
1.495
1.500
1.490 1.495
10 15 20 25 30 -50 0 50 100 150
Vcc(V) Tj(C)
12.5 13.5
12.0 13.0
Von(V)
Von(V)
11.5 12.5
11.0 12.0
10.5 11.5
10.0 11.0
-50 0 50 100 150 -50 0 50 100 150
Tj(C) Tj(C)
9.5
Voff(V)
9.0
8.5
8.0
-50 0 50 100 150
Tj(C)
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OUT pin high state voltage(VOH) vs. OUTpin low state voltage(VOL) vs.
output current(Io) output current(Io)
5.0 1.8
4.5 1.6
4.0 1.4
3.5 1.2
Vcc-VOH(V)
3.0
VOL(V)
1
2.5
0.8
2.0
0.6
1.5
1.0 0.4
0.5 0.2
0.0 0
0 100 200 300 0 100 200 300
Io(mA) Io(mA)
Dynamic operating power supply current(Iop) Dynamic operating power supply current(Iop)
vs. supply voltage(Vcc) vs. supply voltage(Vcc) (enlarged)
30 2.5
50kHz 50kHz FA5500A FA5501A
25 CL=1nF CL=1nF
2.0
20
Iop(mA)
1.5
Iop(mA)
15
1.0
10
5 0.5
0 0.0
0 10 20 30 40 5 7 9 11 13 15
Vcc(V) Vcc(V)
Operating power supply current(Icc) vs. Dynamic operating power supply current(Iop)
junction temperature(Tj) vs. junction temperature(Tj)
1.2 2.2
1.0 2.0
0.8 1.8
Icc(mA)
Iop(mA)
0.6 1.6
0.4 1.4
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9. Description of PFC converter
FA5500A/FA5501A are control ICs for a power factor By repeating the steps from t1 to t4, the switching
correction converter using a boost type topology that operation continues in critical conduction mode.
operates in critical conduction mode. The operations,
which are (1) Switching operation and (2) Power factor In the PFC converter that operates in critical
correction operation, are described here with the circuit conduction mode, the switching frequency always
shown in Fig. 1. changes according to the instantaneous AC line
voltage. In addition, the switching frequency also
(1) Switching operation changes when the AC line voltage or the load changes.
Iin IL1 L1 D1 Vo
AC Q1
C1 Vds
Vsub
Rs
ZCD IS OUT
5 4 7
R Q
MUL CUR.comp
3 MUL S
1.5V/1.33V ZCD.comp 1
FB
ERRAMP 2.5V
FA5500A/01A COMP
2
C3
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(2) Power factor correction operation In an actual circuit, the internal multiplier (MUL)
controls the inductor peak current as sinusoidal
As described in (1) Switching operation, inductor waveform.
current is repeated triangular waveform. The average The voltage of COMP pin, which is the output of error
current (IL1(mean)) of this repeated triangular waveform amplifier (ERRAMP), is almost DC voltage in steady
is one half of the peak current (IL1(peak)). state by C3. This voltage is input to the multiplier. The
Then, the inductor peak current is controlled to be other input of multiplier monitors the rectified waveform
sinusoidal and the high frequency content of inductor of AC line voltage. As a result, the multiplier outputs the
current is filtered. As a result, it is possible to force the sinusoidal waveform that is proportional to AC line
AC input current into sinusoidal waveform. voltage as the product of two input voltages.
This sinusoidal voltage is input to the current
IL1(peak) comparator (CUR. comp.) as the threshold of inductor
current.
As a result, the inductor current becomes repeated
IL1 IL1(mean) triangular waveform of which peak current envelope is
=1/2IL1(peak) sinusoidal. The switching ripple of inductor current is
then filtered by C1 and AC input current becomes
sinusoidal waveform.
enlarged
2Iin(peak)
I
IL1 t
L1
AC Q1
C1
filtered the high
frequency content V Rs
by C1
t
IS
4
Iin Iin(peak)
V MUL
3 MUL
t V CUR.comp
sinusoidal
Fig.3 Outline of inductor and AC input current t
sinusoidal 1
FB
ERRAMP
COMP
2
C3 V
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10. Description of each circuit
(1) Error amplifier which is set to 1.09 times of the reference voltage
(VREF).
The error amplifier controls the output voltage of PFC In normal operation the FB pin voltage is
converter to be constant. The amplifier is a approximately 2.5 V, roughly the same as the reference
transconductance type, which has controlled voltage VREF. If the PFC output voltage rises more
voltage-to-current gain. than normal voltage and then the FB pin voltage
The non-inverting input is internally connected to the reaches the threshold of OVP comparator, the output of
reference voltage of 2.5 V (typ.) and the inverting input the comparator (OVP) turns to low and stops output
is pinned out to FB pin. The output of PFC converter is pulses.
divided down by resistor and monitored by the FB pin. When the output voltage comes back to normal,
In addition, 2.5A of constant-current source is output pulses appear again.
internally connected to the FB pin for Open/short
protection at FB pin.
The output of error amplifier is connected to the (3) Open/short protection at FB pin circuit
multiplier. According to the dynamic range of multiplier, In the circuit shown in Fig. 6, if FB pin cannot monitor
the output voltage of error amplifier ranges from 2.04 V the PFC output voltage because of a short-circuit
to 3.54 V (typ.) in normal operation. The lower output failure in voltage dividing resistor R2 or an open failure
voltage of error amplifier is limited by a diode in R1, the PFC output voltage abnormally rises. The
connected between the input and the output of error overvoltage limiting circuit does not operate either in
amplifier, in order to prevent over drop in a transient this case, because the output voltage is not monitored.
condition such as rapid change of the load. To avoid these, this IC features a open/short
The output voltage of PFC converter contains low protection at FB pin circuit. This circuit consists of a
frequency ripple voltage associated with 2X the line comparator (SP) with threshold voltage of 0.3V (typ.). If
frequency. If too much ripples appear at error amplifier. the input voltage of FB pin drops below 0.3V due to a
output, the PFC converter does not operate stable. short-circuit failure in R2 or an open failure in R1, the
Therefore, a capacitor is connected between COMP output of comparator (SP) turns to low and stops the
pin (the error amplifier output) and GND so that the output pulses.
cutoff frequency is set to about 20Hz in order to In the PFC converter, because of a boost type
suppress the ripple voltage. topology, the voltage rectified the AC line is supplied to
the PFC output even before the converter operates.
SP
Therefore, if the PFC converter is normal, voltage is
0.3V always applied to FB pin and this protection circuit
does not operate.
OUT If an open failure occurs between FB pin and the
7 voltage divider, the FB pin voltage is forced to lower by
OVP
the 2.5A of constant current source internally
Vo
connected to FB pin. Then comparator (SP) stops the
output pulses in the same way.
1.09VREF If the FB pin voltage comes back to normal after this
protection circuit operates, output pulses appear again.
R1
MUL 1
FB
R2 Vo
ERRAMP 7 OUT
2.5A
VREF
=2.5V(typ.) SP
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(4) Multiplier L1 D1
The multiplier is a circuit to control input current into
sinusoidal waveform.
One of the inputs is connected to MUL pin. The C1 Q1 C2
rectified AC line voltage is divided down by resistor and
monitored by MUL pin. The other input is internally
connected to the output of error amplifier. Typically, the Rs
output of error amplifier is almost DC over a given AC R6
line cycle. Therefore, the multiplier outputs the
sinusoidal voltage of which amplitude changes in C4
proportion to the output of error amplifier. This output
IS
becomes the threshold of current comparator and the 4
AC input current is controlled into sinusoidal waveform. CUR.comp
Based on the dynamic range of multiplier, the peak
voltage applied to MUL pin should be within 2.5 V in R Q Output
normal operation. circuit
The rectified AC line voltage contains much MUL S
1.8V
switching noises from Q1. To avoid the influence of the (max) ZCD.comp
noises, a capacitor (C6) is connected for a filter.
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A current out of or into the ZCD pin should be (7) Compensation circuit for light load
within 3mA so that the IC will operate normally.
On the other hand, if the current out of or into the If the output of multiplier, which determines the
ZCD pin is too small, unstable operation may occur. threshold of current comparator, does not have offset
Therefore, current limiting resistor of R5 should be voltage, the input current to the converter is
below 47k. approximately zero under condition that the PFC
converter operates in no load. But an actual multiplier
While MOSFET is on, negative voltage is generated may have offset voltage. If the offset voltage is positive,
in the auxiliary winding. A current flows out of the the input current, which corresponds to the offset
clamp circuit and the ZCD pin voltage is clamped to voltage, flows into the converter even when the PFC
0.6V (typ.). While MOSFET is off, positive voltage is converter operates in no load. In this case, the PFC
generated in the auxiliary winding. A current flows into output voltage rises abnormally because of too much
the clamp circuit and the ZCD pin voltage is clamped to input current.
7.6V (typ.).
To avoid these, this IC has an automatic offset
correction circuit (AOC) for light load. The output
voltage of error amplifier is approximately 2V or higher
Q1 : ON in normal operation. When the output voltage of error
amplifier drops below 2V, AOC circuit operates.
Q1 : OFF
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Input current (8) Restart timer
without compensation In steady state, set signals from the ZCD circuit turns
MOSFET on at each switching cycles. But a trigger
signal is needed when starting up or stabilizing
AC input current
(10)Output circuit
result of compensattion This IC contains a push-pull output stage and can
directly drive the MOSFET. The peak current of output
stage is sink: 1.0A (max.), source: 0.5A (max.)
no load
0 t
1/2 of line frequency
Output voltage
without compensation
PFC output voltage
with compensation
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11. Design advice
L1 Np D1 Vo
Po
Vac Q1 R1
C1 Ns C2
R2
Rs
R3 R6 R5 R8
R7 D2
FA5500A/01A
FB VCC
COMP OUT
MUL GND
IS ZCD C5
C3 C6 R4
C4
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(1-3) Designing auxiliary winding of L1 Power dissipation must not exceed the absolute
maximum rating value.
The auxiliary winding typically has two functions:
-Detecting that inductor current reaches zero using internal ZD
-Supplying Vcc voltage of IC
VCC R11 D2
To achieve these functions, you have to determine a
8
proper ratio of it to the main winding.
internal sub
The voltage of auxiliary winding always changes ZD C5
according to each instantaneous voltage of AC line. The
outline of the auxiliary winding voltage is shown in Fig.
14. using external ZD
auxilliary winding
envelope VCC R11 D2
voltage
8
Ns external
Vo sub
Np C5 ZD
Ns
( Vo 2 Vac )
0 Np
Fig.15 Vcc clamp circuit
Ns
2 Vac
Np
(1-4) ZCD pin circuit
1/2 of line frequency
The auxiliary winding voltage is monitored by ZCD
Fig.14 Auxiliary winding voltage pin in order to detect that the inductor current reaches
zero. A resistor for current limit (R5) is connected
between ZCD pin and the auxiliary winding because of
The following conditions should be satisfied based on rating current of ZCD pin. The most appropriate value of
this various voltage. R5 is determined by evaluating in the actual circuit.
ZCD Threshold Voltage However, a current out of or into the ZCD pin
The threshold voltage of ZCD comparator is should be within 3mA as shown in the recommended
1.87V(max.) when ZCD pin voltage rises. It is operating conditions so that the IC will operate
necessary for the minimum voltage of auxiliary winding normally. Therefore, the following conditions should
to exceed this threshold voltage. Therefore, the be satisfied.
following condition must be satisfied.
For lower clamp
1.87
Ns / Np >
(Vo 2 Vac (max .) ) 1.0 + 2 Vac(max .)
Ns
Np
Vcc voltage R5 >
3 10 3
The following condition must be satisfied, so that Vcc
voltage will be set between 12V and 28V according to For upper clamp
the recommended condition.
Ns
12 28 Vo 7 .0
< Ns/Np < Np
Vo Vo R5 >
3 10 3
The turns ratio Ns/Np must satisfy both two condition. On the other hand, if the current out of or into the
ZCD pin is too small, unstable operation may occur.
Therefore, current limiting resistor of R5 should be
If the boost voltage ratio of PFC (the ratio of Vo to below 47k.
Vac) is too small, the turns ratio can not satisfy both
condition. This problem can be solved with following R5 < 47k
methods.
L1 D1
-Attach two auxiliary windings for both ZCD and Vcc
respectively.
Q1
-Set ZCD condition preceding Vcc condition. In this
R5
case, there is possibility for Vcc to exceed the Rs
recommended conditions. Therefore, clamp the Vcc
with internal ZD or additional ZD (Fig. 15). In this 5
case, a resistance for current limit (R11) is needed ZCD
between the auxiliary winding and Vcc pin. In
addition, especially when using internal ZD, mind Fig.16 ZCD pin circuit
that Total power supply and zener current and
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In actual circuit, the value of R5 also influences
MOSFET switching. L1
MOSFET(Q1) turns on when the current of inductor
C1 R7
L1 reaches zero. Just before turning on, the drain
voltage of MOSFET (Vds) begins sinusoidal oscillation
because of resonance of L1 and the parasitic capacitor. D2
If the value of R5 is set properly, MOSFET can be
turned on at the bottom of the voltage oscillation. This
can minimize the switching loss and surge current at
turn on. If the value of R5 is too small, MOSFET turns VCC
8 C5
on too early and if it is too large MOSFET turns on too
late. The adequate value of R5 depends on each
circuits or input and output conditions. Therefore,
determine the most appropriate value by evaluating the
operation in the actual circuit. Fig.19 Vcc pin circuit
0 Vcc
t
Vds Vds
Auxiliary winding voltage
Time t
R5 is too small. R5 is too large. Even after PFC starts up, Vcc may fall due to rapidly
Fig.18 Vds waveform at turn on changes of the load or inputs. To prevent the IC from
stopping in those cases, the circuit shown in Fig.21 is
(with inadequate R5) effective to prolong the hold time of the Vcc voltage.
After the PFC converter starts up, Vcc is supplied
(1-5) Vcc Pin circuit through C7. Therefore, you can prolong the hold time of
The startup resistor R7 should satisfy the following Vcc by using a large capacity for C7.
formula in order to supply with at least 20A of IC
R7
startup current.
D2 D3
VCC
2 Vac(min .) Von(max .)
R7 <
20 10 6
sub
Where, C5 C7
Von(max.): maximum voltage of startup threshold of
UVLO
FA5500A: Von(max.)=13V Fig.21 Vcc pin circuit (2)
FA5501A: Von(max.)=14.5V
This formula is, however, just the minimum condition In some case, the Vcc voltage cannot be supplied
to start the IC. The startup time required for PFC enough in light load condition. In this case, the circuit
converter must also be decided on. The value of R7 shown in Fig.22 may be effective to improve the Vcc. In
should be tested and determined in actual circuit for this circuit, R10 suppress the surge current of MOSFET
appropriate startup time. at turn on to prevent the malfunctions. (See (1-7) IS pin
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circuit ) The appropriate value of C8 and R10 should be characteristics of multiplier and the input voltage range.
tested and determined in actual circuit because they
depend on each circuit.
VthIS p(min)
R7 ( ((
= K (min) VMUL P(min) Vthcomp + 1 Vthcomp) ))
D2 C8 R10 = 0.53 VMUL P(min) 1
VCC
Where,
sub VMUL-P(min): MUL pin peak voltage at minimum AC
C5 D4 line voltage
K(min.): multiplier gain
Note:
Fig.22 Vcc pin circuit (3) When VthIS-P(min) >1.3V, use VthIS-P(min) =1.3V.
(1-6) MUL Pin circuit Set the current sense resistance Rs in order to flow
necessary current even when clamp voltage is
The input voltage of MUL pin is related to IS pin VthIS-P(min). The maximum of the inductor peak current
threshold voltage range. To prevent the distortion of AC (ILP(max.)) is approximately expressed with the following
input current, the value of resistor divider R3 and R4 equation.
should be determined so that the maximum peak
voltage of MUL pin (VMUL-P(max)) is below 2.5V when 2 2 Po
ILP (max .) =
the AC line voltage is maximum. Vac(min .)
R4 Therefore, the value of Rs can be calculated with the
VMUL P(max) = 2 Vac(max) following equation.
R3 + R4
< 2.5[V] VthISp(min)
Rs =
ILP (max .)
C1
When MOSFET turns on, surge current caused by
R3 driving MOSFET or discharging of parasitic capacitor
MUL flows to Rs. This IC controls the peak current of
3 MOSFET. Therefore if this surge current is too large,
C6 R4 the AC input current can be distorted by malfunctions.
In addition, depending on the magnitude or timing of
surge current, irregular narrow pulses may appear on
Fig.23 MUL pin circuit the output pulses when OUT pin goes high. Therefore,
a RC filter R6 and C4 is typically connected. In order
In an actual circuit, the rectified voltage contains not to influence normal operation, it is necessary to set
many noises from switching. To avoid this influence, a the cutoff frequency of RC filter higher than the
capacitor C6 is typically connected between MUL pin switching frequency. In this calculation, the cutoff
and GND pin. If the capacity of C6 is too small, the frequency is assumed about 1 or 2 MHz.
filtering is not effective. If the capacity is too large, the
1
input voltage of MUL pin is distorted and then AC input 1 or 2[MHz]
current is also distorted. In calculating, the cutoff 2 C4 R6
frequencies determined with C6 and R3, R4 should be
set to about 1 or 2kHz. L1 D1
1
1 or 2[kHz]
2 C 6 (R 3 //R 4) C1 Q1 C2
Where;
R3//R4 represents the resistance of parallel
Rs
connection of R3 and R4.
R6
22
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If the effect of RC filter is not enough, connect OUT (1-9) Input/output capacitor
pin and MOSFET as shown in Fig. 25 in order to reduce
driving current to turn the MOSFET on. In this circuit, The input capacitor C1 rejects the switching ripples of
drive currents to turn the MOSFET on and off can be inductor current and prevents it from flowing to AC line.
set independently. Therefore, the larger C1 is, the smaller the switching
ripples contained in AC input current are. But larger C1
may causes of lowering power factor.
OUT R8 R9 In calculation, capacity of C1 is assumed as 1F per
7 1A of maximum AC input current. The most appropriate
capacity should be determined by evaluating power
Rs factor and AC line noises in the actual circuit.
switching
ripple current L1 D1
OUT R8
7 C1 C2
Q1
or R9 Rs
Rs
The inductor current reaches zero just before the PFC output contains ripple voltage of twice the line
MOSFET turns on and MOSFET current rises from frequency. The output capacitor C2 suppresses this
around zero when MOSFET is on. Therefore, even if ripple voltage.
the driving current to turn on is set small and the The ripple voltage appearing on the output voltage
switching speed becomes a little slow, the loss of can be expressed by the following equation.
MOSFET does not increase extremely. Io
Vripple(0 p)
2 C2
(1-8) Input/output of error amplifier
where,
PFC output voltage Vo is divided down and input to = 2 fac
FB pin. Vo is controlled so that the FB pin voltage is fac: AC line frequency [Hz]
equal to the internal reference. This IC has a current
source (IFB) of 2.5A(typ.) connected FB pin internally. If the output voltage including ripple voltage reaches
Therefore, the relationship between Vo and the voltage up to the overvoltage threshold, the IC cannot operate
divider resistor can be expressed with the following properly. Therefore, C2 should be selected satisfying
equation. the following equation.
R1+ R 2 I
Vo = Vref + FB + R 1 IFB Vripple(0-p)<0.075Vo
R2 Gm
where, Gm : Transconduc tan ce of error amplifier
Vripple(0-p)
R1
MUL 1
FB
ERRAMP R2
IFB
Vref =2.5A
=2.5V(typ) (typ)
2
COMP
C3
23
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(2) Improving operation around (3) Prevent malfunction caused by negative
zero-crossing voltage applied to a pin
The dead time of AC input current may appear When large negative voltage is applied to each IC pin,
around zero crossing. A high value resistor R12 a parasitic element in the IC may operate and cause
(several 100k or several Meg) connected between malfunction. Be careful not to allow the voltage applied
MUL pin and Vcc pin may reduce the dead time. But too to each pin to drop below -0.3V. Especially for the OUT
much correction, which means connecting too small pin, voltage oscillation caused after the MOSFET turns
resistance, causes distortion of AC input current or off may be applied to the OUT pin via the parasitic
overvoltage at light load. Be careful when R12 is capacitance of the MOSFET, causing the negative
connected. voltage to be applied to the OUT pin. If the voltage falls
below -0.3V, add a Schottky diode between the OUT
Iin pin and the ground. The forward voltage of the Schottky
diode can suppress the voltage applied to the OUT pin.
Use the low forward voltage of the Schottky diode.
0 t
OUT R8
7
C1
R3 R12 Fig.33 Protection circuit of OUT pin against the
8 negative voltage
3 VCC
R4 Similarly, be careful not to cause the voltages at other
C6 MUL
pins to fall below -0.3V.
8 Rs
R13
VCC
R6
4
IS
C4
24
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(6) ON/OFF operation by external signal
The following methods make it possible to turn on or
off the PFC by external signal.
COMP
2
C3 R17
Q3 ON/OFF
signal
R16
COMP
2
R19
C3 R17
Q3 ON/OFF
signal
R16
25
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12. Example of application circuit
410V
600V4A 390H ERC25-06 100W
80 to 264Vac
2SK3520 470k
3A
0.47F 100F 470k
47k
0.22F 0.22F 2200pF
0.1 10k
ERA91-02
680k 100k
220 47k
33 22
100k 5.6
680k
ERA91-02
FB VCC
COMP OUT
0.1F
MUL GND
IS ZCD
FA5501A 100F
0.47F 0.01F
Note
This application circuit exemplifies the use of IC for your reference only. Parts tolerance, parts characteristics,
influence of noise, etc. are not defined in this application circuit. When design an actual circuit for a product, you must
determine parts tolerance, parts characteristics, influence of noise, etc. for safe and economical operation. Neither Fuji
nor its agents shall be liable for any injury caused by any use of this circuit.
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