Keimel 1!

Shelby Keimel

ENC 2135-0038

Professor Isaacs

21 March 2017

Annotated Bibliography

Research Question: How does tropical deforestation directly impact humans, wildlife, and the

environment?

Angelsen, Arild, and David Kaimowitz. Rethinking the Causes of Deforestation: Lessons from

Economic Models. The World Bank Research Observer, vol. 14, no. 1, 1999, pp. 7398.,

www.jstor.org/stable/3986539.

Angeles and Kaimowitz evaluate deforestation in the eye of an economist. These

ideas explain how the economy must be tended to before deforestation declines. This

opens a whole new topic outside of my research question and allows me to dig further

into the topic outside of my research question. The argument that economics is in large

responsible for deforestation gives me an argument for my paper. This source was very

easy to follow and gave a lot of information for a reader or a researcher. I find it very

reliable as it, like others, has many citations citing back to further research.

Brook, Barry W., Navjot S. Sodhi, and Peter K. L. Ng. "Catastrophic Extinctions Follow

Deforestation in Singapore." Nature 424.6947 (2003): 420. Academic OneFile. Web. 22

Mar. 2017.

Deforestation affects many biomes throughout our world. With the continuation of

deforestation, the authors explain that extinction of many plants and mammals are
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inevitable in Singapore. With quantitative and qualitative data, the authors outline how

important and devastating deforestation is to the living creatures surrounding the

devastation. Like one of the discussed sources, the authors focus on one specific area

where deforestation is at large; Singapore. Having a source focus one specific area helps

the audience relate, which will further help me to try to have MY audience relate. To a

point, this source is useful as like I have stated, it enables me to draw my audience in

with the specifics, but unfortunately, most of the data given is very numerical, and is not

assistive in writing a major research essay. The tone of the source is very hard to follow.

Burgess, Joanne C. Timber Production, Timber Trade and Tropical Deforestation. Ambio, vol.

22, no. 2/3, 1993, pp. 136143., www.jstor.org/stable/4314058.

The author of Timber Production, Timber Trade and Tropical Deforestation,

serves a great role in my research journey as she discusses the timber industrys effects on

deforestation as well as deforestations effects on the timber production industry. Her

main goal is to focus on the timber industry and how it correlates with deforestation. This

is a very useful source in regards to my research question as it allows me to correlate

deforestation with something major (in this case, the timber industry). I believe this could

help me narrow down my topic to focus more on the struggle between the timber industry

and deforestation.

Geist, Helmut J., and Eric F. Lambin. "Proximate Causes and Underlying Driving Forces of

Tropical Deforestation." BioScience 52.2 (2002): 143. Web. 22 Mar. 2017. <https://

projects.ncsu.edu/project/amazonia/GeistLambin.pdf>.
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Lambin and Helmut give an analysis (including numerical data) that outlines the

importance of the timber industry on deforestation. The main purpose of their piece is to

explain the main driving forces to deforestation to help view the other side of

deforestation (the opposing side to this argument). As I was conducting more research on

this source, I was able to see that close to 3,000 people have cited this source, showing

me that not only I, but many others agree that this is a reliable source.

Herrera, Bouza, and Carlos Narciso. Deforestation: Conservation Policies, Economic

Implications and Environmental Impact. Hauppauge, New York: Nova Science, 2013.

PDF.

Bouza and Narciso split their book into two parts and thoroughly outline each

point in depth. In the first section of the source, causes and effects of deforestation are

discussed while the second section dives into the actual research on deforestation

containing different studies throughout the world. The purpose of Bouza and Narcisos

book is to reach out to the public to hopefully gain some understanding on how important

and detrimental deforestation is to not only the environment, but to the living beings

within the environment. This source is extremely helpful in answering my research

question as it is broken up into the two discussed sections. This helps organize the

information to further help organize my research. The information within the source is

very straight forward and includes plenty of quantitative research. I find the research to

be very reliable as it cites many reliable sources to further support the discussion at hand.

As stated above, Bouza and Narcisos main goal is to inform the public, just as my goal
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stands. It is very important to remind the public how dangerous deforestation is as a

whole to our communities.

Kindermann, Georg, Michael Obersteiner, Brent Sohngen, Jayant Sathaye, Kenneth Andrasko,

Ewald Rametsteiner, Bernhard Schlamadinger, Sven Wunder, and Robert Beach. "Global

Cost Estimates of Reducing Carbon Emissions through Avoided Deforestation."

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 105.30

(2008): 10302-0307. Web. 22 Mar. 2017.

In this source, the authors focus on what can be accomplished to reduce

deforestation. With a large amount of quantitative data, the authors argue that by avoiding

deforestation, our communities can lower the amount of carbon emissions. Unfortunately,

I do not think this source would assist in my argument as much of the data is focused

around the emissions of carbon rather than deforestation as a whole. Compared to other

sources, this source has a multitude of authors, helping to assure the audience that plenty

of preparation and dedication has been put into the source.

Kreike, Emmanuel. Deforestation and Reforestation in Namibia : The Global Consequences of

Local Contradictions. Leiden: Brill, 2010. Afrika-Studiecentrum Ser. EBook Collection.

Web. 22 Mar. 2017.

Deforestation and Reforestation in Namibia: The Global Consequences of Local

Contradictions not only discusses the effects of deforestation, but this book also

discusses how to reverse deforestation and begin to start reforesting. Unlike the previous

source, Kreike goes in depth regarding one specific area that has been highly affected by

deforestation, Namibia. The author evaluates the environmental change and how the
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public views the major changes; whether the blame goes to deforestation or elsewhere.

Kreike does an excellent job at not only explaining deforestation, but bringing it to life

using a real example of a certain community so highly affected. Like the previous source,

this source seems plenty reliable as it refers back to further sources for information stated

and given. These further sources once researched, are just as reliable. Another plus to

each of these sources is that their publication dates are fairly recent. The research

surrounding Namibia and deforestation allows me to give my readers further information

on an actual example of deforestation. Like Kreike did, I will be able to apply emotion to

my research to awaken the audience to the real issue at hand within our environments.

Kreike helped open my eyes to the real issue at hand and tapped into my emotion,

making this research much more intriguing and personally important.

Lindsey, Rebecca. "Tropical Deforestation." NASA Earth Observatory. The Earth Observatory,

30 Mar. 2007. Web. 20 Mar. 2017. <https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Fea>.

Lindsey completes a very thorough analysis of tropical deforestation outlining

where this type of deforestation occurs and why. Lindseys main goal is, like many other

authors, to provide knowledge to the public, especially regarding deforestation as humans

are a main cause. By informing the public, Lindsey, along with myself, hope to begin the

process of possible re-forestation and the destruction of deforestation. I find this source to

be very reliable as many citations from outside sources are listed while much of the

information is supported by NASA, a large, very significant source to the public.

Myers, Norman. Tropical Deforestation: The Latest Situation. BioScience, vol. 41, no. 5, 1991,

pp. 282282., www.jstor.org/stable/1311576.

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Norman Myers produces a very tolerable style of research for the audience while

being able to discuss the importance of tropical deforestation as a whole. Myers goal in

his piece is to announce to the audience that this problem is not going away. This problem

grows larger and larger each day. Unlike some of the other sources, this piece is short, but

has a great amount of information packed inside. Unfortunately, Myers piece was

published over ten years ago. To prove that tropical forestation is a continuous growing

issue in 2017, I will needed information and statistics that are not as old as Myers

research.

Raven, Peter H. Tropical Deforestation. The Science Teacher, vol. 67, no. 1, 2000, pp. 4040.,

www.jstor.org/stable/24153862.

Raven discusses not solely deforestation, but tropical deforestation. The main goal

of the author is to express how detrimental humans are becoming to their surroundings,

especially in the tropics. As my research has continued, I have noticed a theme; tropical

deforestation is a more popular topic then just deforestation, which has changed my topic

slightly from regular deforestation to tropical. It also gives me the incentive to discuss the

difference between each. With a range of information within this source, it became very

useful. Although short, much of information will help support my research question

throughout the whole research paper. I do believe that the information is reliable as it is

published into a book that is distributed to teachers teaching this subject in school.

"Timber." WWF. World Wildlife Fund, n.d. Web. 22 Mar. 2017. <https://www.worldwildlife.org/

industries/timber>.
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On the World Wildlife Fund website, there is a section dedicated to deforestation

and the timber industrys ability to effect deforestation. The main goal of this website is

to help teach outsiders about how deforestation is effecting the environment and

especially animals within the environment. WWF discusses the impacts on biodiversity

as well as even the water surrounding the environments effected. This has been an

excellent source regarding my topic as it has discussed topics I did not relate to the topic

of deforestation, such as the effects on water. This is a major point to my topic as the

quality of water effects everyone in the world (and is another topic within itself). I do

believe this is a very biased source as obviously, it is WWF, which is a large organization

known well around the world, but I do believe due to it being a very highly viewed

organization, it is reliable.

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