SUMMARY

IN

CHAPTER

1 TO 12
 Chapter 1
Teacher and Students in the Digital Age

It is believed that teachers today are far different from teachers of yesterday because it
is more immersed in the use of technologies and would get away being digital immigrant
teachers. Teacher of the early generation is regarded as instruments for information
dissemination and communicators of knowledge in which the students obediently receives
and believe. Teachers were always in authority over the students, this was during the period
of in which teacher centered approach. The teacher of the 21 st century do not merely
transfer knowledge to the students but more than teaching the subject matter, they teach
students how to learn to live life. The teachers of the 21 st century are channel,
communicator, learner, futurist, leader, exemplar, collaborator, and venture player. Use a
variety of teaching methods appropriate in the students learning, facilitator of learning and
technology or digital literate.

Students of the early generations depend so much from the teacher when it comes to
learning. They listen passively to the discussion, they only speak or answer when they are
asked, they learn theories through memorization of text, and many others in which we can
tell is as not entirely authentic. They are dependent learners. Students of the 21 st century are
called digital generation because they can access information about anything, anytime,
anywhere at their fingertips. They can communicate with their classmates even their
teachers, friends, family and relatives through a variety of resources like computer, laptops,
smart phones, tablets and notebook.
 Instructions in the early generation are teacher-centered approach where teacher
instruct students and give step-by-step procedure on how to do such task. Students on the
other hand would simply follow the instructions given to them without having a freedom to
discover learning on their own. The students hands are fixed with what the teacher has to
say in the class. While the Instruction in the 21st century it is integrate technologies in
education, technologically and digitally-enriched teaching and learning and learning
environment. It is student-centered learning where students are the center of the learning
environment where students are active, exploratory, inquiry-based learning, has a critical
thinking and informed decision making

Chapter 2
Technology in Teaching and Learning
Setting standards help we achieve quality output. In education, administrators and
teachers with the support of the National Educational Departments and Organization define
their standards that would guide and help the students in processing the knowledge and
skills that are required to make them successful learners and professionals in the future.
There are three standards that have been developed by ISTE for better connection and
empowerment among standards for Administrators, Teachers, and Students.

Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), and Technology Integration

Planning (TIP). The use of technology is one of the materials that teachers make use to
deliver the lesson successfully to their learners. However, sometimes the use of technology
becomes ineffective because of insufficient knowledge on the true purpose and proper use of
such technology. This is why the technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) by
Mishra, P. & Koehler, M. and Technology Integration Planning (TIP) by Roblyer, M.D. &
Doering, and A.H came into existence, to guide teachers on how to integrate technology into
teaching. The Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TechPACK) is a framework that
integrates technology in education to help encapsulate the complex interactions among
content, pedagogy, and technology. It provides a picture of the entire process of technology
integration that helps identify what is essential and what is not in any discussions of teacher
using technology for teaching subject matter.

Content Knowledge, Pedagogical Knowledge, Pedagogical Content Knowledge,

Technology Knowledge, Technological Content Knowledge, Technological Pedagogical
Knowledge and Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. According to Mishra & Koehler
(2006), the TPACK Framework emphasizes the connections, interactions, affordances, and
constraints between and among content, pedagogy, and technology.

Technology Integration Planning (TIP) is a model created for teachers as a guide that
ensures the efficiency of integration of technology in education. TIP has a three phase which
are Analysis of learning and teaching needs, planning for integration and Post-instruction
analysis and revisions. It has also steps in each phases step 1 is Determine relative
advantage and step 2 is Asses Tech-PACK which is under phase 1. Compatibility, Complexity,
Friability, and Observation are the measures to see relative advantage easier. Phase 2 has
steps 3, 4 and 5 which are Decide on objective, and assessment, Design integration
strategies and Prepare instructional environment. In phrase 3 has a steps 6 and 7 which are
Analysis results and Make revisions.

Chapter 3
Digital Technology and Media Literacy
Students learn differently, some are visual learners, while others are auditory and
tactile learners. No matter what kind of learners you are, you are engaging yourself in the
process of learning: Planning, Implementing, Inspecting and evaluating your learning
activities.

Relevance and importance of integrating technology into teaching and learning is after
learning the different types of media: Printed media, Visual media, Audio media, and Video
media. Multimedia and digital media are being used interchangeably. Media is the plural
medium. It has developed to mean facilitating or linking communication be it via a radio,
phone, web, TV or some other instruments. Its purpose is to help conveying message. One or
than are medium, we refer to it as multimedia whether it is computer based or not.
Multimedia therefore, is a combination of two or more media. In computer, the media in
multimedia refer to graphics, audio (sound effect, music, voice-over and the like) text, video,
animation. Multimedia then is a powerful avenue in communicating information and
messages to other people. Digital media is defined as those technologies that enable users
to make new forms of communication, interaction, and entertainment in a digital format.
Interactivity is an essential feature of digital.
 media
applications in teaching and learning for it enriches educational experience.
 Chapter 8
Legal and Ethical Use of Technology
There are certain behaviors and ethics we need to observe to achieve a healthy
relationship with teachers and classmates. In the use of school technologies, both teachers
and students must recognized and observe the ethical use of school technologies to achieve
rightfully the main purpose of technology to support teaching and learning. The ethical uses
in technology and software are unauthorized access of hardware, software, network, and
Computer files. Unauthorized access if somebody would use anybodys computer and files
without permission from the owner. Hardware theft and vandalism are some of the security
challenges encountered by school administrators and teachers. Computer theft is stealing of
hardware and to devices, while computer vandalism is the act of damaging or breaking the
hardware-cutting the cables and wires, smashing the computer and its devices and deleting
of software or computer files. Software theft this happens when a persons copies illegally
copyrighted software for personal or business uses. Information theft is a computer crime
when one deliberately steals information for purposes of studying how to complete with
other organizations or companies. Getting confidential information about school
administrators, academic officials, teachers, staff, and students without legal authorization is
considered as Information theft. Malicious Acts in software are spam where is the unwanted
message being received through emails, discussion boards, text massaging devices and
others. Phishing called as carding or spoofing, spam, malware and adware. Various types of
software licenses used in education are Single-user, Multiple-user, Network License and
Community license.

Chapter 9
Alternative Delivery System
 Students who wish to learn despite the long distance and shortness in finances can now
make their dreams within reach through ADS. These ADS help in bridging the gap between
the teachers and the students of different standards when it comes to instruction.

The distance education in a method of education, students can study in their own choice
of place and time without having met their teacher face to face. Instruction in distance
education is being delivered with the use of special materials and technologies that maybe
included in the alternative delivery system. The technologies that support distance education
(Alternative Delivery System) are broadcast radio, audio conferencing, video conferencing,
web conferencing and online technologies. Broadcast radio is an ADS which considered as a
power tool when delivery a lesson or disseminating information to a large group of students,
instructions delivered via broadcast radio are also supported with other instructional
materials like print materials. The Audio teleconference is an alternative delivery system in
which instruction may happen though telecommunications system by exchanging of ideas,
information and messages are articulated remotely from the teacher to students and vice
versa with the use of a telephone or computer. Video conferencing is used by teachers and
students to transmit coursework at a distance. This is another convenient delivery system
that schools apply to have teaching and learning continues even at a distance. It is flexible
and affordable. There is tools need for video conferencing, computer, camera, microphones,
speakers, codec and connection for hardware. Web conferencing is usually interchangeably
used with video conferencing. Through tools and requirements used in video conferencing
are similar with web conferencing, its purpose is entirely different. There are two types of
web conferencing, webinar and web casts. Webinar is a one way conference between one or
more speaker, and web cast is a live streaming event, broadcast over the internet. Other
online technologies that educators can use to deliver instructions are through electronic mail
(email and learning management system LMS). The learning management system is a
software application or web-based technology system that allows anyone to create e-
learning content and coursework, deliver e-learning courses to participants flack progress,
and manage learning materials. LMS is the most helpful in education which promotes e-
learning, that is learning at a distance with the technologies.