Annotated Bibliography

Primary Sources
Brody, Jane E. "Use of DDT at a 20-Year Low, Chiefly Due to Voluntary Action." New York
Times 20 July 1970: n. pag. Print.
Carson, Rachel. Silent Spring. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1962.
Hamilton, Hamish. When the Sedge Withers and No Birds Sing. The Times (London,
England), February 14, 1963, Arts and Sports, 15. Gale Virtual Reference Library.
Leonard, Jonothan Norton. "Rachel Carson Dies of Cancer; 'Silent Spring' Author Was 56." The
New York Times [New York, New York] 15 Apr. 1964, Obituary: n. pag. Print.
This article announces the death of Rachel Carson, famous author and biologist. She died
at age 56 in her home at Silver Spring, MD, after fighting cancer for several years.
Moore, Lillian, and Alfred Eisenstaedt. Rachel Carsons Silent SpringIts Truth Goes
Marching on. Smithsonian, July 1970, 4-9.
http://gdc.galegroup.com/gdc/artemis/MagazinesDetailsPage/MagazinesDetailsWindow?
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Nancy Hicks. "DDT Found to Cause Mutations in Rats." New York Times 4 Aug. 1970: n. pag.
Print. This article reviews the results of DDT testing on rats, which find that it causes
genetic mutations. The chemical can also cause cancerous tumors. Another scientist has
disputed the original research with his findings showing no mutations.
Sinclair, D. V. Letter to the editor. The Times (London, UK), July 1, 1971, 58213th edition, 17.
http://gdc.galegroup.com/gdc/artemis/NewspapersDetailsPage/NewspapersDetailsWindo
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commentary
Lee, John. "'Silent Spring Is Now Noisy Summer." New York Times 22 July 1962. Print.
This article discusses how the chemical industry is attacking Rachel Carson for her
negative claims about DDT in her new book Silent Spring.
"DDT Levels Held Wildlife Threat." New York Times 12 May 1967: n. pag. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
"DDT Spray Called Injurious to Birds." New York Times 23 Oct. 1945: n. pag. Print.
"DDT Wins the Nobel Prize." New York Times 30 Oct. 1948: n. pag. Print.

Secondary Sources
Awards. Silent Spring (blog). Accessed January 6, 2017. http://silent-spring-
book.blogspot.com/2014/05/awards.html.
This web page lists all eight awards that Rachel Carson received for her work. These
awards add to the credibility of her work and show the publics reaction to her books.
Bate, Roger. The Rise, Fall, Rise, and Imminent Fall of DDT. American Enterprise Institute for
Public Policy Research, no. 14 (November 2007): 1-9. Accessed December 26, 2016.
https://www.aei.org/publication/the-rise-fall-rise-and-imminent-fall-of-ddt/.
Earth Day Network. The History of Earth Day. Earth Day Network. Last modified 2017.
Accessed January 12, 2017. http://www.earthday.org/about/the-history-of-earth-day/.
Last modified 2003. Accessed January 31, 2017. http://www.encyclopedia.com/
earth-and-environment/ecology-and-environmentalism/environmental-studies/
environmental-movement.
Gore, Al, Former Vice President. Introduction. Introduction to Silent Spring, by Rachel
Carson, xv-xxvi. 1994 ed. New York City, NY: Houghton Mifilin Company, 1962.
Griswold, Eliza. How Silent Spring Ignited the Environmental Movement. New York Times,
September 21, 2012, Magazine.
Lear, Linda. Rachel Carson and the Awakening of Environmental Consciousness. National
Humanities Center. Accessed December 23, 2016.
 http://nationalhumanitiescenter.org/tserve/nattrans/ntwilderness/essays/carson.htm.
The World Took a New Direction: Rachel Carsons Legacy. History News 52, no. 3
(Summer 1997): 10-13. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43503023.
McKie, Robin. Rachel Carson and the Legacy of Silent Spring. The Guardian (London, UK),
May 26, 2012. Accessed December 31, 2016.
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2012/may/27/rachel-carson-silent-spring-
anniversary.
Schulz, Charles. Peanuts. Cartoon. New Yorker (New York City, NY), February 20, 1963.
Accessed December 30, 2016. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/
silent-spring/silent-spring-popular-culture.
Sierra Club. "History: Sierra Club Timeline." Sierra Club. Accessed January 31,
2017. http://vault.sierraclub.org/history/timeline.aspx.
Stoll, Mark. The personal attacks on Rachel Carson as a woman scientist. Environment and
Society Portal. Last modified 2012. Accessed December 30, 2016.
http://www.environmentandsociety.org/exhibitions/silent-spring/personal-attacks-
rachelcarson.
The US federal government responds. Environment and Society Portal. Last modified
2012. Accessed December 26, 2016. http://www.environmentandsociety.org/
exhibitions/silent-spring/us-federal-government-responds.
United States Environmental Protection Agency. DDT - A Brief History and Status. United
States Environmental Protection Agency. Last modified November 22, 2016. Accessed
December 24, 2016. https://www.epa.gov/ingredients-used-pesticide- products/
ddt-brief-history-and-status.
. "Earth Day." United States Environmental Protection Agency. Accessed January 31,
2017. https://www.epa.gov/earthday.
"The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1948". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2014.
Web. 22 Jan 2016. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/
1948/>
This webpage provided us with a quote relating to Paul Mller receiving the Nobel Prize
 for his discovery of the chemical DDT. We used this quote for the timeline we made.
"The '60s at 50." : Undated: Thalidomide in the U.S. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
Edwards, Dr. J. Gordon. "The Lies of Rachel Carson." 21st Century Science and Technology
Magazine. Print.
Dr. J. Gordon Edwards attacks Rachel Carson's Silent Spring. He was originally a fan of
her controversial ideas, but as he reviewed her writings, he came to the conclusion that
much of it was false and poorly supported by scientific evidence. As he read Silent Spring
for the second time, he wrote page-by-page exactly what he believed was incorrect.
Eskenazi, Brenda et al. The Pine River Statement: Human Health Consequences of DDT Use.
Environmental Health Perspectives 117.9 (2009): 13591367. PMC. Web. 15 May 2016.
Foster, John Bellamy, and Brett Clark. "Rachel Carson's Ecological Critique." Monthly Review
Feb. 2008: n. pag. Print. In this review, the authors write about how Rachel Carson was
correct in her scientific findings. It goes on to describe how Carson was perceived as a
radical for her time and how her work has affected many generations. The review also
describes current concerning environmental issues and their long-term affects on the
earth and its inhabitants.
Grossman, Elizabeth. "Rachel Carson's 'Silent Spring' Turns 50." The Atlantic 25 June 2012: n.
pag. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
Grumbach, Doris. "The Other Rachel Carson." New York Times 19 Mar. 1995: n. pag. Print.
This is a review of the book Always, Rachel, a compilation of letters between Rachel
Carson and her good friend Dorothy Freeman. The letters show the private life of Rachel
Carson which she hoped to keep out of the public eye. In the letters, Carson expresses
how she is overwhelmed by the attention she is receiving and how she wishes to avoid it.
Koehn, Nancy F. "From Calm Leadership, Lasting Change." New York Times: n. pag. New York
Times. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. This New York Times article explains that although Rachel
Carson was soft-spoken, she became the surprising leader of the environmental
movement. In Carson's time, women scientists were not taken seriously, so it was
difficult for her to establish herself as a respected leader in the scientific community. She
felt compelled to write Silent Spring and so completed the book while fighting cancer.
Kramer, Randall A., Clifford M. Mutero, and Melanie L. Biscoe. "Current Policy and Status of
DDT Use for Malaria Control in Ethiopia, Uganda, Kenya and South Africa."
 International Water Management Institute: n. pag. Print. This journal provided current
laws being passed to combat heavy pesticide use. We used quotes from this journal in our
timeline. It helps us portray the fact that DDT is still relevant to this day.
Pope, Carl. "Trashing Rachel Carson." Sierra 92.5 (2007): 6. Academic Search Premier. Web.
03 Mar. 2017. This is a newspaper article.
Souder, William. "Rachel Carson Didn't Kill Millions of Africans." Slate: n. pag. Web. 03 Mar.
2017.
Watson, Bruce. "Sounding the Alarm." Smithsonian Sept. 2002: 115-17. Print
Wilson, Gregory. "DDT and the American Century: Global Health, Environmental Politics, and
the Pesticide That Changed the World by David Kinkela." Journal of World History:
250-53. Print
Zimmer, Carl. "Answers Begin to Emerge on How Thalidomide Caused Defects." The New York
Times. The New York Times, 15 Mar. 2010. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
Ritchie, Joy S. Available Means: An Anthology of Women's Rhetoric(s). Print.
Sigerman, Harriet. The Columbia Documentary History of American Women since 1941. New
York: Columbia UP, 2003. Print.
Souder, William. On a Farther Shore: The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson. New York:
Crown, 2012. Print.
West, Brian R.. "DDT." Animal Sciences. 2002. Encyclopedia.com. 03 Mar. 2017
<http://www.encyclopedia.com>
"Banned Pesticide DDT with Lingering Residues Again Linked to Obesity and Diabetes -
Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog." Beyond Pesticides Daily News Blog. 2014. Web.
24 Jan. 2016.
Doval, Valero. Aa abundance of colors expressing nature. The New York Times Magazine. N.p.,
21 Sept. 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2016. <http://mobile.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/
magazine/how-silent-spring-ignited-theenvironmental movement.html?pagewanted=all>.
"About Rachel Carson." Rachel Carson Council, Inc. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
<http://www.rachelcarsoncouncil.org/index.php?page=aboutrachelcarson>.
Conko, Gergory, and Henery I. Miller. "Rachel Carson's Deadly Fantasies."Forbes. Forbes
 Magazine, 5 Sept. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
<http://www.forbes.com/sites/henrymiller/2012/09/05/rachelcarsonsdeadlyfantasies/>.
Gorn, Cathy, and Ann Claunch. Conflict & Compromise in History: National History Day 2008:.
College Park, MD: National History Day, 2007. National History Day. 2007. Web. 03
Mar. 2017.
Hickman, Leo. "What Is the Legacy of Rachel Carson's Silent Spring?" The Guardian. N.p., 27
Sept. 2012. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. <www.theguardian.com%2Fglobal%2Fblog%2F2012%2
Fsep%2F27%2Frachelcarsonsilentspringlegacy>.
Lear, Linda L. "Rachel Carson's Biography." The Life and Legacy of Rachel Carson. N.p., n.d.
Web. 03 Mar. 2017. <http://www.rachelcarson.org/Biography.aspx#.VNWe8WTF8vN>.
Mahoney, Linda. "National Women's History Museum." Education & Resources. N.p., n.d. Web.
03 Mar. 2017. <https://www.nwhm.org/educationresources/biography/biographies/
rachelcarson/>.
National Resources Defence Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017.
Presidential Science Advistory Committee. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum.
Rep. N.p., 14 May 1963. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. The John F. Kennedy Library was very
helpful. It provided me with the actual "PSAC" report as well as an audio clip of JFk at a
press conference answering a question about the further research of pesticides and there
effects.
"Rachel Carson." Rachel Carson. Minnisota Wellness Publications, n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. This
website provided me with information about the negative reaction to her book.
"US Environmental Protection Agency." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, n.d. Web. 03
Mar. 2017. The EPA is one of the effects of "Silent Spring." Many say Carson's book
played a part in it's creation. The website provided me with several photos, a PDF with
DDT regulation, as well as some information on it currently.
"Wessels Living History Farm Farming in the 1930s." Wessels Living History Farm Farming in
the 1930s. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Mar. 2017. This website was very helpful for my
background information because it talked about the history of some of the pesticides.