1.

0 INTRODUCTION
Biomass is fuel that is developed from organic materials, a renewable and
sustainable source of energy used to create electricity or other forms of power. Some
examples of materials that make up biomass fuels are woody, animal waste, municipal
solid waste, industrial residue and sewage. There are two types of technique that used in
biomass process that is direct combustion and biomass gasification. For direct
combustion are using of dry matter such as woody elements.

Then, Biomass power is carbon neutral electricity generated from renewable

organic waste that would otherwise be dumped in landfills, openly burned, or left as
fodder for forest fires. When burned, the energy in biomass is released as heat. In
biomass power plants, wood waste or other waste is burned to produce steam that runs a
turbine to make electricity, or that provides heat to industries and homes.

After that, biomass challenges are the process to create electricity is similar
whether using a biomass fuel or a fossil fuel, the equipment needed inside the plant is
different. As with any electrical generation process, the facility needs a steady supply of
fuel. When anything is burned, it can create emissions and ash.

2.0 CONSTRUCTION OF GENERATION PLANT

Figure 1: Construction of Biomass Power Generation

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 3.0 GENERATION PROCESS

Biomass Combustion
Steam
fuel process

Condense
r

Generat
Transformer Steam
or
Turbine

Transmissio
Distribution
n line

Diagram 1: Generation Process.

4.0 EXPLANATION OF THE 3D MODEL OF A RENEWABLE POWER

GENERATION

Transforme
r

Transmissio
n line

Condens
er
Storage
of

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 Figure 2: Front view.

Turbine Generator

Combustio
n part

Figure 3: Top view

Part Explanations
Type of waste 1that commonly used in biomass energy was woody, animal
Waste waste, municipal solid waste, industrial residue and sewage. Waste was put
into storage for the first process
The waste was moved to combustion stored which is the process for
Combustion
burning waste on a large scale to produce high pressure steam2.
The steam that comes out from combustion place rises, and flow through
Turbine
turbines, spins the turbine because of high pressure.
From the steam turbine, the shaft was connected to the generator.
Generator
Generator can generate electricity.

The Steam from turbine was cooling down by the condenser and the cold
Condenser
water was send back to combustion part.

1 Alternative Energy Sources, Kathiann M. Kowalski (Page 53)

2 Understanding Environmental Health, Nancy Irwin Maxwell (Page 181)

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 Table 1: working principle.
5.0 FLOW CHART OF WORKING PRINCIPLE FOR THE ASSIGNED
DEVELOPED 3-D MODEL

Diagram 2: Flowchart of developing 3-D model.

6.0 DISCUSSION

6.1 Technical features

Biomass Turbine
Type of waste: woody, animal waste, municipal Turbine type: Steam turbine: SST-800
solid waste, industrial residue and sewage. Power output: 50.3 MW
Inlet pressure: 137 bar / 1,987 psi
Inlet temperature: 535 C / 995 F
Fuel: Green & waste wood
Generators
Genset model: LN-400GF
Rated power: 400KW/500KVA
Net weight: 11000kg
Table 2: Technical features
6.2 Working principle

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 The first conversion of energy takes place in the boiler. Biomass fuels are
burnt in the boiler furnace to produce heat. Carbon in the coal and Oxygen in
the air combine to produce Carbon Dioxide and heat. The second stage is the
thermodynamic process. Then, the heat from combustion of the coal boils
water in the boiler to produce steam. In modern power plant, boilers produce
steam at a high pressure and temperature.
After that, the steam is then piped to a turbine. The high pressure steam
impinges and expands across a number of sets of blades in the turbine. The
impulse and the thrust created rotate the turbine. The steam is then condensed
and pumped back into the boiler to repeat the cycle. Rotation of the turbine
rotates the generator rotor to produce electricity based of Faradays Principle
of electromagnetic induction.

6.3 Merits and Demerit

Merit Demerit

1. No Harmful Emissions3: 1. Expensive:

- Biomass energy, for the most part, - Firstly, its expensive. Living things are
creates no harmful carbon dioxide expensive to care for, feed, and house,
emissions. Many energy sources used and all of that has to be considered
today struggle to control their carbon when trying to use waste products from
dioxide emissions, as these can cause animals for fuel.
harm to the ozone layer and increase
the effects of greenhouse gases,
potentially warming the planet. It is
completely natural, has no such carbon
dioxide side effects in its use.

2. Clean Energy: 2. Inefficient as Compared to Fossil Fuels:

- This is good for the environment and - Secondly, and connected to the first, is

3 Cengage Advantage Books: Sustaining the Earth, G. Tyler Miller, Scott Spoolman
Internet(Page 217)

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 good for business. It does release
carbon dioxide but captures carbon
dioxide for its own growth. Carbon
dioxide released by fossil fuel are
released into the atmosphere and are
harmful to the environment.
3. Abundant and Renewable:
- Biomass products are abundant and
renewable. Since they come from living
sources, and life is cyclical, these
products potentially never run out, so
long as there is something living on
earth and there is someone there to turn
that living things components and
waste products into energy. In the
United Kingdom, biomass fuels are
made from recycled chicken droppings.
In the United States and Russia, there
are plentiful forests for lumber to be
used in the production of biomass
energy.
4. Reduce Dependency on Fossil Fuels:
- It has developed as an alternate source
of fuel for many homeowners and has
helped them to reduce their dependency
on fossil fuels.
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the relative inefficiency of biomass
energy. Ethanol, as a biodiesel is
terribly inefficient when compared to
gasoline, and it often has to be mixed
with some gasoline to make it work
properly anyway. On top of that,
ethanol is harmful to combustion
engines over long term use.
3. Harmful to Environment:
- Thirdly, using animal and human waste
to power engines may save on carbon
dioxide emissions, but it increases
methane gases, which are also harmful
to the Earths ozone layer.
4. Consume More Fuel:
- Finally, using trees and tree products to
power machines is inefficient as well.
Not only does it take a lot more fuel to
do the same job as using conventional
fuels, but it also creates environmental
problems of its own. To amass enough
lumber to power a nation full of
 vehicles or even a power plant,
companies would have to clear
considerable forest area. This results in
major topological changes and destroys
the homes of countless animals and
plants.

5. Reduce Landfills: 5. Require More Land:

- Another benefit of this energy is that it
can take waste that is harmful to the
environment and turn it into something
useful. For instance, garbage as landfill
can, at least partially, be burned to
create useable biomass energy.
- Combustion of biomass products
require some land where they can
easily be burnt. Since, it produces gases
like methane in atmosphere; therefore it
can be produced in those areas which
are quite far from residential homes.

6. Can be Used to Create Different

Products:
- Biomass energy is also versatile, as
different forms of organic matter can be
used to create different products.
Ethanol and similar fuels can be made
from corn and other crops. With so
many living things on the planet, there
is no limit to how many ways it can be
found and used.
Table 3: Explanation of merits and demerits.
6.4 Limitations
This project will consist of block diagram of biomass power plant. The block
diagram was for presentation only not included working model. Our project also
limited to simple configuration of biomass power plant.

7.0 CONCLUSION

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 In this project we propose the main concept of Biomass principle and making some
research of the Biomass systems. Biomass is organic matter derived from living, or recently
living organisms. Biomass can be used as a source of energy and it most often refers to plants
or plant-based materials that are not used for food or feed, and are specifically called
lignocellulosic biomass. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly via
combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after converting it to various forms of biofuel.

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 8. REFERENCES

Book:

1. Vladimir Strezov and Tim J.Evans, Biomass Processing Technologies, 2014, CRC Press
(Taylor & Francis Group).
2. Jay Cheng, Biomass To Renewable Energy Processes, 2010, CRC Press (Taylor &
Francis Group).
3. Alternative Energy Sources, Kathiann M. Kowalski.
4. Understanding Environmental Health, Nancy Irwin Maxwell, 2014.
5. Cengage Advantage Books: Sustaining the Earth, G. Tyler Miller, Scott Spoolman.

Internet:
6. http://www.bios-bioenergy.at/en/electricity-from-biomass/orc-process.html

7. http://www.hurstboiler.com/biomass_boiler_systems/biomass_fuel_types

8. http://www.reenergyholdings.com/renewable-energy/what-is-biomass/

9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomass