Summary

During the last decades, the prevalence of non-insulindependent

diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) increased worldwide, and the disease has
become one of the major public health problems in Korea (1, 2). NIDDM
affects about 7.2% of Korean adults over 30 year of age (3, 4). Harboring a
genetic background, the prevalence steadily increases with advancing
ages. Other risk factors include obesity and a previous history of
gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.Diet, exercise, and
weight reduction have beenimplicated for the reduction of the risk for
diabetes (5).Natural history of diabetes in Korea seems to be quite
different from that observed in western countries (6). Most Korean
patients with NIDDM have been reported not to be obese, and many of
them lost weight significantly during the course of their disease (7, 8).
Most of all, the associationbetween diabetes and obesity is unclear in
Koreans. In cross-sectional studies, the patients with diabetes were more
obese than the control groups (9-11). However, a prospective cohort study
over a 2-yr follow-up period showed that obesity was not a risk factor for
the development of NIDDM (12).
In this regard, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to
investigate obesity as a risk factor for NIDDM among Korean adults. Initial
cohort was established in 1991 and is for an ongoing study on the risk
factors for chronic diseases, including hypertension and diabetes in Seoul,
Korea. At Asan Medical Center in Seoul, 4,287 adults aged 17 to 80 yr
received medical examination from June 1990 to February 1991. We
reviewed their medical records from January 1998 to October 1999.
Subjects without follow-up visit or with the final visit within 1 yr from the
baseline medical examination were excluded. We defined the remaining
2,674 subjects as the Asan cohort.
For this study, we excluded 73 subjects who had had diabetes at
baseline medical examination, and 7 subjects in whom diabetes had
developed within 1 yr from the baseline medical examination. Another 63
subjects whose medical record lacked the relevant information were also
excluded.We further defined the remaining 2,531 subjects as the Asan
diabetes cohort. The selection process is illustrated in Fig. 1.The baseline
medical examination consisted of medical history, physical examination,
anthropometric measurements, and a health risk appraisal questionnaire
(e.g. daily cigarette and alcohol consumption, physical activity level,
family history of chronic disease, and past medical history).
Anthropometric parameters, including height and weight, were measured
with the subjects wearing light clothing without shoes. The body mass
index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in
meters square(kg/m2). After overnight fasting, all participants were
subject to laboratory examinations including fasting glucose and HbA1c.
Two physicians reviewed the medical records of the Asan cohort to
reveal the incidence of NIDDM from January 1998 to September 1999.
Incident diabetes was defined by a report of pharmacologically treated
diabetes at least 1 year after the baseline medical examination or a
physicians diagnosis of diabetes in hospital records. We considered
subject with fasting glucose less than 110 mg/dL as free of diabetes. In
this retrospective cohort study, we observed a strong positive relationship
between BMI and the risk for NIDDM in Korean adults. Risk increased with
BMI greater than 23 kg/m2 after adjusting for other risk factors. Age, total
smoking amount over 30 pack-years, and a family history of diabetes were
significant predictors of risk for NIDDM in men. Age and total smoking
amount were significant predictors of risk for NIDDM in women
We chose 2,531 study subjects from 4,287 baseline subjects. To rule
out selection bias from this process, we reviewedthe basic characteristics
of follow-up and non-followup group. The follow-up group has more men
than non-follow- up group. Except difference from sex, the baseline BMI
between two groups did not show any statistical differences. This may
lead to biased incidence rate of NIDDM in these study subjects compared
with Korean population.

References

http://www.diabetesresearchclinicalpractice.com/article/0168-
8227%2896%2901251-X/abstract

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/113/2/144.abstract?sid=d58da784-
a19b-41e7-b30f-b46c349f6f71

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/132/3/501.abstract?sid=cd833774-
0bde-4420-9b53-273217362c38

http://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343%2886%2990532-2/abstract

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/130/6/1101.abstract?sid=6dae8047-
c1ff-4916-9380-c1c18f6ac7e2

http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/content/145/2/103.abstract?sid=87fcf512-
3127-433c-a94b-83efc0037a12

http://samuel.blog.undip.ac.id/2011/03/22/apa-itu-validasi/
Validity of data

Validation is an act of proof, meaning that validation is a job

"documentation". From the above definition, validation has a very wide
scope and almost covering the entire field (area) in the pharmaceutical
industry, ranging from personnel, starting materials (active ingredient,
additional ingredients and packaging materials), facilities, equipment,
machinery, building up the system or working procedures. Such a wide
scope of this validation, resulting in the diversity of understanding and
approach in the implementation of validation. Some in the pharmaceutical
industry there are many who give the sense that what is meant validation
is validation of the production process. That is, the implementation of the
validation is limited to that carried out within the scope of the production
of the drugs alone, while others are complementary (complementary) of
the implementation of the validation process, so called by the
Pharmaceutical Process Validation.

In my opinion, I can conclude that this journal is to use the data

accuracy. I am using triangulation techniques as my technique to validate
this journal. Triangulation techniques meant that I was tested by
examining the journal on the same data and I'll check back if there is
information in this journal is true or false. I am trying to find the accuracy
of the method used in this journal. Guide to clinical preventive
services, 2nd ed is a method used in this study. I thought, this is the right
method can be used in this study because this method is usually used to
describe the relationship between public attitudes, affect the fit, and the
resulting decisions related to people with diabetes. The theme of this
journal, a genetic background that hides, prevalence continues to increase
with advancing age. Other risk factors include obesity and previous history
of gestational diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Diet, exercise, and
weight reduction has been engaged to reduce risk for diabetes .The
natural history of diabetes in Korea seems to be quite different from that
observed in western countries . majority of Korean patients with NIDDM
has been reported to not be obese, and many of them lost weight
significantly during the course of their disease.
 I think, Weight as a risk factor for clinical diabetes in women. Am J
Epidemiol 1990 suitable for this study. That's because this can be more
specific about the attribution of personal responsibility. It should be also
listed on their previous research on mental disorders are also associated
primarily about diabetes. I think, previous research is also important to
support their latest research. After I was done browsing the Internet on the
previous journal that documents the research, I conclude that the journal
was accurate and relate to this journal