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The word polymer; comes from the Greek words poly (meaning many)
and meros (meaning parts&).
Introduction:
Polymers are complex and giant molecules usually with carbons building the
backbone, different from low molecular weight compounds.
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Molecular Structure
of Polymers
Linear
Branched
Low Density
- Polyethylene (LDPE)
Cross-linked
Rubber
Network
Kevlar, Epoxy
Synthetic Polymers
Three terms are used to describe the human-made polymers. These terms
are polymers, plastics and synthetic resins.
The first plastic was developed over 100 years ago. This material was
celluloid and was designed to place ivory in billiard balls. About 90 years ago,
Bakelite was developed by Leo Baekeland.
Two Basic Types of Plastics:
Thermoplastics:
Thermosets
They are hard and rigid at room temperature and do not soften on heating.
Phenolic resins - tool handles, billiard balls, sprockets, insulation, etc ...
Elastomers
These materials can be stretched twice their normal length. They must return
quickly to their original size when the stress is released. Natural and
Synthetic Rubbers are common elastometers. Also, rubber and contact
cements are elastomers adhesives.
Characteristics of Polymers
Low Density.
Economical.
Applications of Polymers
Polymeric materials are used in and on soil to improve aeration, provide mulch, and
promote plant growth and health.
Medicine
Many biomaterials, especially heart valve replacements and blood vessels, are
made of polymers like Dacron, Teflon and polyurethane.
Consumer Science
Plastic containers of all shapes and sizes are light weight and economically less
expensive than the more traditional containers. Clothing, floor coverings, garbage
disposal bags, and packaging are other polymer applications.
Industry
Sports