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Biology Review
Activity Booklet
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport STAAR-EOC
Review Booklet
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport STAAR-EOC
Table of Contents
Activity F Genetics 40
Credits 79
Review 3
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport STAAR-EOC
Activity A
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport
Station 1
Biomolecules Content Frame & Card Sort
Contain Building
Macromolecule
the Blocks Examples Functions Picture
(Polymer)
Elements (Monomer)
Carries the
DNA
instructions that
(Deoxyribonucl
control the activities
eic acid)
of a cell
NUCLEIC ACIDS C, H, O, N, P Nucleotides
RNA
Carries the
(Ribonucleic
instructions that
Acid)
make proteins.
Review
Station 2
Analyzes of Macromolecules
Locate the three structural formula cards for glucose,
lipid, and protein. Use the information on the cards to
answer the questions below.
Review
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport STAAR-EOC
Station 3
Review
Analyzes of Osmosis
1. Below is a copy of the data tables sheet you
will find at the station table. Copy onto it the
before measurements from the sheet at the
station. These measurements indicate the
length and mass of the potato cores when
freshly cut.
SStutudd
e n
e n
ts
ts
Students
a n
answ
swers
erswwilill l
answers
vvary
ary
l vary wil
Review
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport STAAR-EOC
Review
The potato core will lose more mass than any
of the other potato cores because more water
will diffuse from it.
a.
Station 4:
Active Transport
Review
Biomolecules & Cellular Transport STAAR-EOC
Review 10
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Activity B
Cellular Energy
Station 1
Analyzes of Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Review 11
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Review 12
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
The water in three of the test tubes (D-2, D-3, and D-4)
turned yellow, as shown above.
Review 13
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Review 14
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Station 2
Comparing Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Place the cards in the correct area of the Venn diagram and
record your placements below.
Review 15
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Station 3
Cellular Energy Concept Map
Review 16
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Review 17
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Activity C
Cell Structure & Viruses
Station 1
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
Structure and Function
DNA
Cell wall Chloroplast Golgi body
Ribosomes Golgi body Nucleus
Cell membrane Nucleus Ribosomes
Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion DNA
DNA Cell Membrane
Cell membrane Endoplasmic
Endoplasmic reticulum
reticulum Lysosome
Lysosome
Cell wall
Review 18
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Station 2
Comparing Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cell
Characteristics
DNA floats freely DNA found inside the Exhibits higher levels
around inside the cell. cell. of division of labor.
Station 3
Review 19
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Prokaryotic Eukaryotic
Unknown___________
Students answers
Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?________________
will vary
Justify
Review 20
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Station 4
Comparing Virus and Cell Structures
Review 21
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Review 22
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Station 5
Analyzing the Lytic Cycle
Review 23
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Station 6
Analyzing the Lysogenic Cycle and HIV
a. Just like in the lytic cycle, the virus injects DNA into
the host cell. However, what is different about the
next step(s) of the lysogenic cycle?
Review 24
Cell Structure & Viruses STAAR-EOC
Review 25
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Activity D
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis,
& DNA Structure /Replication
Station 1
Cell Cycle Characteristics
Review 26
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Station 2
Comparison of Eukaryotic Mitosis and Cytokinesis
Review 27
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
There are genes that tell the cell how fast to divide
and when to stop. If these genes are mutated, the
mutation can cause the cell cycle too go to fast like
running down a hill to fast to be able to stop. The
cancer cells divide too quickly and pile up in one area
this is called a tumor.
Review 28
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Review 29
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Station 3
Mitosis and Meiosis Comparison
Review 30
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Review 31
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Station 4
DNA Structure
Review 32
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Station 5
Facts about DNA
1. Take the DNA Facts cards out of the plastic bag and
sort them according to whether the fact is correct or
not. Record the correct facts in the space below.
DNA Facts:
Review 33
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Station 6
DNA Replication Videos
The nucleus
Review 34
Cell Cycle, Mitosis, Meiosis, Meiosis, & DNA Structure/Replication STAAR-EOC
Review 35
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Activity E
Protein Synthesis &
Point Mutations
Station 1
Transcription
DNA Complementary
nucleotide nucleotide in RNA
G C
C G
T A
A U
In both cases:
An enzyme will copy one strand of DNA to make a new
strand.
The new strand can be made because DNA will base pair
with a complimentary base. Thus, the new chain is
generated using the old/DNA strain as a template.
Review 36
Genetics STAAR-EOC
DNA
Transcription
replication
The whole
___A single gene______is
chromosome is
transcribed.
replicated.
DNA polymerase
is the enzyme
_RNA_ polymerase is the enzyme
which carries
which carries out transcription.
out DNA
replication.
T = thymine is
T = thymine is replaced
used in DNA,
by _U_ = uracil in RNA,
so A pairs with
so A in DNA pairs with _U_ in mRNA.
T in DNA.
Review 37
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Station 2
Translation
1. Use the mRNA codon chart shown in the translation
information page to help complete the following chart.
Amino acid threonine has been complete for you as an
example.
Anti-codon in tRNA
mRNA molecule
Amino acid
codon that carries this
amino acid
Threonine (Thr) ACU UGA
Histidine (His) CAU GUA
Proline (Pro) CCU GGA
Leucine (Leu) CUG GAC
Glutamic acid (Glu) GAG CUC
Valine (Val) GUG CAC
Review 38
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Station 3
Point Mutations
G U G C A U C U G A C U C C U G A G
G U G C A U C C G A C U C C U G A G
These types of mutations are called point mutations.
What effect do the point mutations have on the protein
strands coded in the sequence above? Be sure to
translate both mRNA molecules when answering.
Review 39
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Review 40
Genetics STAAR-EOC
CAT
GUA
Review 41
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Review 42
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Gene Expression:
All cells contain a set of genes, which can be thought of
as a set of instructions for making each of a very large
number of proteins. The creation of a protein from
its gene is called gene expression. However, for a
given cell not all of these instructions are actually used,
and among those that are, some are used more than
others or only under certain circumstances. Controlling
gene expression is critical to a cell because it allows it to
avoid wasting energy and raw materials in the synthesis
of proteins it does not need. Thus, it allows a cell to be
a more streamlined and versatile entity that can
respond to changing conditions by adjusting its
physiology.
Review 43
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Post Assessment:
Answer the following questions over Protein Synthesis.
Review 44
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Review 45
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Activity F
Genetics
Review 46
Vocabulary Definitio Example
Word n
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Genetics Study of
how
traits are
passed
from
parent to
offspring
Gene
Is a
segment
of DNA
that
determine
s a trait.
from male
Genetics STAAR-EOC
PRACTICE PROBLEMS:
MONOHYBRID CROSSES
BB x bb
Genotype: 4 Bb
Phenotype: 4 Black
Review 48
Genetics STAAR-EOC
DIHYBRID CROSSES
RrBb rrbb
RB rb
Rb
rB
rb
1 white/Smooth
INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE/CODOMINANCE
Review 49
Genetics STAAR-EOC
a. Rr X RR
Genotype: 2 RR, 2 Rr
PEDIGREES
Review 50
Genetics STAAR-EOC
2 CARRIER
FEMALES
2 COLORBLIND MALES
MULTIPLE ALLELES
A = Dominant
B = Dominant
AB = Codominant
o= Recessive
Genotype: 2 IA iO , 2 IB iO
Review 51
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Deletion
ABCEF
(Resulting Chromosome Structure)
Duplication
ABBCDEF
(Resulting Chromosome Structure)
Inversion
AECDBF
(Resulting Chromosome Structure)
Translocation
ABCIJKL
GHDEF
(Resulting Chromosome Structure)
Review 52
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Review 53
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Post Assessment:
Answer the following questions on genetic crosses.
Review 54
Genetics STAAR-EOC
Review 55
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Review 56
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Activity G
Taxonomy & Stability of Environment
Station 1
Taxonomy
Review 57
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Review 58
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Organism___________
Students answers
Kingdom________________
Justify will vary
Review 59
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Station 2
Hierarchical Classification System, Cladograms &
Dichotomous Key
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
Review 60
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Red fox
Review 61
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Review 62
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
B C E
1 2 3
Review 63
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Station 3
Stability of Environment
Review 64
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Review 65
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Correct Answer: G
Review 66
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Review 67
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Review 68
Plants, Nitrogen & Carbon Cycles, & Relationship of Organisms STAAR-EOC
Correct Answer: H
Review 69
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Biomolecules:
Sugars, the smallest carbohydrates, serve as
fuel.
Lipids store large amounts of energy.
A proteins function depends on its unique
sequence of amino acids.
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary
information.
Organic molecules contain carbon-hydrogen
bonds and are produced by organisms.
Cellular Processes/Energy:
The products and reactants for photosynthesis
are reverse in cellular respiration: The reactants
of photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water,
which are the products of cellular respiration. The
reactants of cellular respiration are oxygen and
sugar, which are the products of photosynthesis.
Cellular respiration occurs in plants and anima
cells.
Plants use sunlight during photosynthesis to
convert energy from the sun in order to
manufacture sugar and the chemical energy ATP
and to release oxygen.
Review 70
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Viruses:
Viruses lack the cell structures necessary for
reproduction.
Viruses are considered nonliving.
Viruses can replicate by two methods lytic
infection and lysogenic infection.
Lysogenic infections occur when the nuclear
material of the virus combines with the DNA of a
cell before replication of the virus begins.
Viruses and cells have one structure in common,
nucleic acids.
HIV is a virus that infects and destroys immune
system cells.
Review 71
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
6HI2need
O + to6CO 26H2O + 6CO2
remember
Cell Cycle:
The cell cycle is a continuous process of cell
growth and reproduction.
The cell cycle goes through interphase, the
longest phase, before undergoing mitosis and
cytokinesis.
A cancer cell can develop during any part of
interphase. A cancer cell is a cell that goes
through the cell cycle continuously, never
stopping in G0. These cells consume the bodys
resources.
Growth results from mitosis.
There are checkpoints during the cell cycle to
help cells divide correctly.
DNA:
DNA molecules contain four nitrogenous bases:
adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine.
Two bases adenine and guanine are called
purines.
Two bases thymine and cytosine are called
pyrimidines.
Genes are pieces of DNA that pass traits to
offspring.
Nucleotides are made up of a sugar, a phosphate
group, a base, and hydrogen bongs.
The amounts of adenine and thymine found in
DNA are equal.
DNA molecules are made up of a double helix
containing two strands.
Weak hydrogen bonds hold the DNA molecule
together.
DNA is found in all living organisms.
DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid.
DNA us referrd to as the blueprint of life
because it contains all the information in a living
organism.
Review 72
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Protein Synthesis:
RNA stands for ribonucleic acid.
RNA is single stranded.
RNA molecules contain four nucleotide bases:
adenine, guanine, cytosine and uracil (replaces
thymine)
Transcription is the process of creating an mRNA
molecule and this takes place inside the nucleus.
Translation is the process of decoding mRNA
using tRNA triplets/codons. These codons carry a
specific amino acid they connect and create a
protein.
Changes in the Genetic Code:
Mutations are changes in DNA that can be
inherited.
Certain codons are responsible for starting the
production of a protein, and other codons stop
the process.
Mutations occur when bases are added or deleted
and when segments of DNA are missing.
Not all mutations are harmful some are very
beneficial.
Genetic Variations (I need to be able to):
Analyze and make inferences about dominant
and recessive traits.
Interpret and make predictions about genotypes
and phenotypes.
Determine and interpret phenotypic ratios.
Understand the difference between Mendelian
and non-Mendelian traits.
Use Punnett squares and other models to predict
the results of genetic crosses involving X-linked
traits.
Interpret results and make predictions from
monohybrid and dihybrid crosses.
Evaluate the limitations of biological models.
Review 73
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Review 74
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Taxonomy Cont.:
Taxonomy is a branching classification system
that provides a standardized method for grouping
organisms.
Trophic Level Interactions:
Organisms in an ecosystem interact in ways that
can be shown in food chains and food webs.
Ecological pyramids are used to illustrate how
organisms in an ecosystem transfer matter and
energy from one trophic level to another.
Approximately 10 % of the available energy in a
trophic level is passed on to the next trophic
level. The remaining energy, approximately 90%,
is used for metabolic functions or dissipated as
heat.
Sunlight radiant energy is transferred to
plants through photosynthesis. Organisms that
feed on plants are able to use about 10% of the
energy that was available to the plants. The
transfer and dissipation of energy continue from
one trophic level to the next.
Ecological Succession:
Species living in an ecosystem gradually change
over time, as do the physical and chemical
environments within that ecosystem.
Succession takes place because organisms
interact with one another in an ecosystem.
Left undisturbed, succession follows predictable
stages: primary, secondary and climax
communities.
Autotrophs are the first pioneer species to
inhabit an ecosystem in the primary stage; they
create conditions that may be favorable to other
autotrophs.
Heterotrophs follow autotrophs in the stages of
succession first herbivore heterotrophs and
then carnivores and omnivores.
Review 75
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Review 76
Additional Notes STAAR-EOC
I need to remember
Review 77
Credits