Distribution Tables

Compared to probability calculators (e.g., the one included in STATISTICA), the traditional
format of distribution tables such as those presented below, has the advantage of showing many
values simultaneously and, thus, enables the user to examine and quickly explore ranges of
probabilities.

Z Table

t Table

Chi-Square Table
o alpha=.10 o alpha=.025

F Tables for:
o alpha=.05 o alpha=.01

Note that all table values were calculated using the distribution facilities in STATISTICA BASIC,
and they were verified against other published tables.

Standard Normal (Z) Table

The Standard Normal distribution is used in various hypothesis tests including tests on single
means, the difference between two means, and tests on proportions. The Standard Normal
distribution has a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. The animation above shows various
(left) tail areas for this distribution. For more information on the Normal Distribution as it is used
in statistical testing, see Elementary Concepts. See also, Normal Distribution.

As shown in the illustration below, the values inside the given table represent the areas under the
standard normal curve for values between 0 and the relative z-score. For example, to determine
the area under the curve between 0 and 2.36, look in the intersecting cell for the row labeled 2.30
and the column labeled 0.06. The area under the curve is .4909. To determine the area between 0
and a negative value, look in the intersecting cell of the row and column which sums to the
absolute value of the number in question. For example, the area under the curve between -1.3
and 0 is equal to the area under the curve between 1.3 and 0, so look at the cell on the 1.3 row
and the 0.00 column (the area is 0.4032).

Area between 0 and z

0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09
 0.0 0.0000 0.0040 0.0080 0.0120 0.0160 0.0199 0.0239 0.0279 0.0319 0.0359
0.1 0.0398 0.0438 0.0478 0.0517 0.0557 0.0596 0.0636 0.0675 0.0714 0.0753
0.2 0.0793 0.0832 0.0871 0.0910 0.0948 0.0987 0.1026 0.1064 0.1103 0.1141
0.3 0.1179 0.1217 0.1255 0.1293 0.1331 0.1368 0.1406 0.1443 0.1480 0.1517
0.4 0.1554 0.1591 0.1628 0.1664 0.1700 0.1736 0.1772 0.1808 0.1844 0.1879
0.5 0.1915 0.1950 0.1985 0.2019 0.2054 0.2088 0.2123 0.2157 0.2190 0.2224
0.6 0.2257 0.2291 0.2324 0.2357 0.2389 0.2422 0.2454 0.2486 0.2517 0.2549
0.7 0.2580 0.2611 0.2642 0.2673 0.2704 0.2734 0.2764 0.2794 0.2823 0.2852
0.8 0.2881 0.2910 0.2939 0.2967 0.2995 0.3023 0.3051 0.3078 0.3106 0.3133
0.9 0.3159 0.3186 0.3212 0.3238 0.3264 0.3289 0.3315 0.3340 0.3365 0.3389
1.0 0.3413 0.3438 0.3461 0.3485 0.3508 0.3531 0.3554 0.3577 0.3599 0.3621
1.1 0.3643 0.3665 0.3686 0.3708 0.3729 0.3749 0.3770 0.3790 0.3810 0.3830
1.2 0.3849 0.3869 0.3888 0.3907 0.3925 0.3944 0.3962 0.3980 0.3997 0.4015
1.3 0.4032 0.4049 0.4066 0.4082 0.4099 0.4115 0.4131 0.4147 0.4162 0.4177
1.4 0.4192 0.4207 0.4222 0.4236 0.4251 0.4265 0.4279 0.4292 0.4306 0.4319
1.5 0.4332 0.4345 0.4357 0.4370 0.4382 0.4394 0.4406 0.4418 0.4429 0.4441
1.6 0.4452 0.4463 0.4474 0.4484 0.4495 0.4505 0.4515 0.4525 0.4535 0.4545
1.7 0.4554 0.4564 0.4573 0.4582 0.4591 0.4599 0.4608 0.4616 0.4625 0.4633
1.8 0.4641 0.4649 0.4656 0.4664 0.4671 0.4678 0.4686 0.4693 0.4699 0.4706
1.9 0.4713 0.4719 0.4726 0.4732 0.4738 0.4744 0.4750 0.4756 0.4761 0.4767
2.0 0.4772 0.4778 0.4783 0.4788 0.4793 0.4798 0.4803 0.4808 0.4812 0.4817
2.1 0.4821 0.4826 0.4830 0.4834 0.4838 0.4842 0.4846 0.4850 0.4854 0.4857
2.2 0.4861 0.4864 0.4868 0.4871 0.4875 0.4878 0.4881 0.4884 0.4887 0.4890
2.3 0.4893 0.4896 0.4898 0.4901 0.4904 0.4906 0.4909 0.4911 0.4913 0.4916
2.4 0.4918 0.4920 0.4922 0.4925 0.4927 0.4929 0.4931 0.4932 0.4934 0.4936
2.5 0.4938 0.4940 0.4941 0.4943 0.4945 0.4946 0.4948 0.4949 0.4951 0.4952
2.6 0.4953 0.4955 0.4956 0.4957 0.4959 0.4960 0.4961 0.4962 0.4963 0.4964
2.7 0.4965 0.4966 0.4967 0.4968 0.4969 0.4970 0.4971 0.4972 0.4973 0.4974
2.8 0.4974 0.4975 0.4976 0.4977 0.4977 0.4978 0.4979 0.4979 0.4980 0.4981
2.9 0.4981 0.4982 0.4982 0.4983 0.4984 0.4984 0.4985 0.4985 0.4986 0.4986
3.0 0.4987 0.4987 0.4987 0.4988 0.4988 0.4989 0.4989 0.4989 0.4990 0.4990

To index

Student's t Table

The Shape of the Student's t distribution is determined by the degrees of freedom. As shown in
the animation above, its shape changes as the degrees of freedom increases. For more
information on how this distribution is used in hypothesis testing, see t-test for independent
samples and t-test for dependent samples in Basic Statistics and Tables. See also, Student's t
Distribution. As indicated by the chart below, the areas given at the top of this table are the right
tail areas for the t-value inside the table. To determine the 0.05 critical value from the t-
distribution with 6 degrees of freedom, look in the 0.05 column at the 6 row: t(.05,6) = 1.943180.

t table with right tail probabilities

df\p 0.40 0.25 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005 0.0005

1 0.324920 1.000000 3.077684 6.313752 12.70620 31.82052 63.65674 636.6192

2 0.288675 0.816497 1.885618 2.919986 4.30265 6.96456 9.92484 31.5991

3 0.276671 0.764892 1.637744 2.353363 3.18245 4.54070 5.84091 12.9240

4 0.270722 0.740697 1.533206 2.131847 2.77645 3.74695 4.60409 8.6103

5 0.267181 0.726687 1.475884 2.015048 2.57058 3.36493 4.03214 6.8688

6 0.264835 0.717558 1.439756 1.943180 2.44691 3.14267 3.70743 5.9588

7 0.263167 0.711142 1.414924 1.894579 2.36462 2.99795 3.49948 5.4079

8 0.261921 0.706387 1.396815 1.859548 2.30600 2.89646 3.35539 5.0413

9 0.260955 0.702722 1.383029 1.833113 2.26216 2.82144 3.24984 4.7809

10 0.260185 0.699812 1.372184 1.812461 2.22814 2.76377 3.16927 4.5869

11 0.259556 0.697445 1.363430 1.795885 2.20099 2.71808 3.10581 4.4370

12 0.259033 0.695483 1.356217 1.782288 2.17881 2.68100 3.05454 4.3178

13 0.258591 0.693829 1.350171 1.770933 2.16037 2.65031 3.01228 4.2208

14 0.258213 0.692417 1.345030 1.761310 2.14479 2.62449 2.97684 4.1405

15 0.257885 0.691197 1.340606 1.753050 2.13145 2.60248 2.94671 4.0728

16 0.257599 0.690132 1.336757 1.745884 2.11991 2.58349 2.92078 4.0150

17 0.257347 0.689195 1.333379 1.739607 2.10982 2.56693 2.89823 3.9651

18 0.257123 0.688364 1.330391 1.734064 2.10092 2.55238 2.87844 3.9216

19 0.256923 0.687621 1.327728 1.729133 2.09302 2.53948 2.86093 3.8834

20 0.256743 0.686954 1.325341 1.724718 2.08596 2.52798 2.84534 3.8495

21 0.256580 0.686352 1.323188 1.720743 2.07961 2.51765 2.83136 3.8193

22 0.256432 0.685805 1.321237 1.717144 2.07387 2.50832 2.81876 3.7921

23 0.256297 0.685306 1.319460 1.713872 2.06866 2.49987 2.80734 3.7676

24 0.256173 0.684850 1.317836 1.710882 2.06390 2.49216 2.79694 3.7454

25 0.256060 0.684430 1.316345 1.708141 2.05954 2.48511 2.78744 3.7251

26 0.255955 0.684043 1.314972 1.705618 2.05553 2.47863 2.77871 3.7066

27 0.255858 0.683685 1.313703 1.703288 2.05183 2.47266 2.77068 3.6896

28 0.255768 0.683353 1.312527 1.701131 2.04841 2.46714 2.76326 3.6739

 29 0.255684 0.683044 1.311434 1.699127 2.04523 2.46202 2.75639 3.6594

30 0.255605 0.682756 1.310415 1.697261 2.04227 2.45726 2.75000 3.6460

inf 0.253347 0.674490 1.281552 1.644854 1.95996 2.32635 2.57583 3.2905

To index

Chi-Square Table

Like the Student's t-Distribution, the Chi-square distribution's shape is determined by its degrees
of freedom. The animation above shows the shape of the Chi-square distribution as the degrees
of freedom increase (1, 2, 5, 10, 25 and 50). For examples of tests of hypothesis that use the Chi-
square distribution, see Statistics in crosstabulation tables in Basic Statistics and Tables as well
as Nonlinear Estimation . See also, Chi-square Distribution. As shown in the illustration below,
the values inside this table are critical values of the Chi-square distribution with the
corresponding degrees of freedom. To determine the value from a Chi-square distribution (with a
specific degree of freedom) which has a given area above it, go to the given area column and the
desired degree of freedom row. For example, the .25 critical value for a Chi-square with 4
degrees of freedom is 5.38527. This means that the area to the right of 5.38527 in a Chi-square
distribution with 4 degrees of freedom is .25.

Right tail areas for the Chi-square Distribution

df\are
.995 .990 .975 .950 .900 .750 .500 .250 .100 .050 .025 .010 .005
a
0.0000 0.0001 0.0009 0.0039 0.0157 0.1015 0.4549 1.3233 2.7055 3.8414 5.0238 6.6349 7.8794
1
4 6 8 3 9 3 4 0 4 6 9 0 4
0.0100 0.0201 0.0506 0.1025 0.2107 0.5753 1.3862 2.7725 4.6051 5.9914 7.3777 9.2103 10.596
2
3 0 4 9 2 6 9 9 7 6 6 4 63
3 0.0717 0.1148 0.2158 0.3518 0.5843 1.2125 2.3659 4.1083 6.2513 7.8147 9.3484 11.344 12.838
 2 3 0 5 7 3 7 4 9 3 0 87 16
0.2069 0.2971 0.4844 0.7107 1.0636 1.9225 3.3566 5.3852 7.7794 9.4877 11.143 13.276 14.860
4
9 1 2 2 2 6 9 7 4 3 29 70 26
0.4117 0.5543 0.8312 1.1454 1.6103 2.6746 4.3514 6.6256 9.2363 11.070 12.832 15.086 16.749
5
4 0 1 8 1 0 6 8 6 50 50 27 60

0.6757 0.8720 1.2373 1.6353 2.2041 3.4546 5.3481 7.8408 10.644 12.591 14.449 16.811 18.547
6
3 9 4 8 3 0 2 0 64 59 38 89 58
0.9892 1.2390 1.6898 2.1673 2.8331 4.2548 6.3458 9.0371 12.017 14.067 16.012 18.475 20.277
7
6 4 7 5 1 5 1 5 04 14 76 31 74
1.3444 1.6465 2.1797 2.7326 3.4895 5.0706 7.3441 10.218 13.361 15.507 17.534 20.090 21.954
8
1 0 3 4 4 4 2 85 57 31 55 24 95
1.7349 2.0879 2.7003 3.3251 4.1681 5.8988 8.3428 11.388 14.683 16.918 19.022 21.665 23.589
9
3 0 9 1 6 3 3 75 66 98 77 99 35
2.1558 2.5582 3.2469 3.9403 4.8651 6.7372 9.3418 12.548 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188
10
6 1 7 0 8 0 2 86 18 04 18 25 18

2.6032 3.0534 3.8157 4.5748 5.5777 7.5841 10.341 13.700 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.724 26.756
11
2 8 5 1 8 4 00 69 01 14 05 97 85
3.0738 3.5705 4.4037 5.2260 6.3038 8.4384 11.340 14.845 18.549 21.026 23.336 26.216 28.299
12
2 7 9 3 0 2 32 40 35 07 66 97 52
3.5650 4.1069 5.0087 5.8918 7.0415 9.2990 12.339 15.983 19.811 22.362 24.735 27.688 29.819
13
3 2 5 6 0 7 76 91 93 03 60 25 47
4.0746 4.6604 5.6287 6.5706 7.7895 10.165 13.339 17.116 21.064 23.684 26.118 29.141 31.319
14
7 3 3 3 3 31 27 93 14 79 95 24 35
4.6009 5.2293 6.2621 7.2609 8.5467 11.036 14.338 18.245 22.307 24.995 27.488 30.577 32.801
15
2 5 4 4 6 54 86 09 13 79 39 91 32

5.1422 5.8122 6.9076 7.9616 9.3122 11.912 15.338 19.368 23.541 26.296 28.845 31.999 34.267
16
1 1 6 5 4 22 50 86 83 23 35 93 19
5.6972 6.4077 7.5641 8.6717 10.085 12.791 16.338 20.488 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.408 35.718
17
2 6 9 6 19 93 18 68 04 11 01 66 47
6.2648 7.0149 8.2307 9.3904 10.864 13.675 17.337 21.604 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
18
0 1 5 6 94 29 90 89 42 30 38 31 45
6.8439 7.6327 8.9065 10.117 11.650 14.562 18.337 22.717 27.203 30.143 32.852 36.190 38.582
19
7 3 2 01 91 00 65 81 57 53 33 87 26
7.4338 8.2604 9.5907 10.850 12.442 15.451 19.337 23.827 28.411 31.410 34.169 37.566 39.996
20
4 0 8 81 61 77 43 69 98 43 61 23 85

8.0336 8.8972 10.282 11.591 13.239 16.344 20.337 24.934 29.615 32.670 35.478 38.932 41.401
21
5 0 90 31 60 38 23 78 09 57 88 17 06
8.6427 9.5424 10.982 12.338 14.041 17.239 21.337 26.039 30.813 33.924 36.780 40.289 42.795
22
2 9 32 01 49 62 04 27 28 44 71 36 65
9.2604 10.195 11.688 13.090 14.847 18.137 22.336 27.141 32.006 35.172 38.075 41.638 44.181
23
2 72 55 51 96 30 88 34 90 46 63 40 28
9.8862 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.658 19.037 23.336 28.241 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.979 45.558
24
3 36 15 43 68 25 73 15 24 03 08 82 51
10.519 11.523 13.119 14.611 16.473 19.939 24.336 29.338 34.381 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.927
25
65 98 72 41 41 34 59 85 59 48 47 10 89

11.160 12.198 13.843 15.379 17.291 20.843 25.336 30.434 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.641 48.289
26
24 15 90 16 88 43 46 57 17 14 17 68 88
11.807 12.878 14.573 16.151 18.113 21.749 26.336 31.528 36.741 40.113 43.194 46.962 49.644
27
59 50 38 40 90 40 34 41 22 27 51 94 92
12.461 13.564 15.307 16.927 18.939 22.657 27.336 32.620 37.915 41.337 44.460 48.278 50.993
28
34 71 86 88 24 16 23 49 92 14 79 24 38
13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.767 23.566 28.336 33.710 39.087 42.556 45.722 49.587 52.335
29
15 45 07 37 74 59 13 91 47 97 29 88 62
13.786 14.953 16.790 18.492 20.599 24.477 29.336 34.799 40.256 43.772 46.979 50.892 53.671
30
72 46 77 66 23 61 03 74 02 97 24 18 96
To index

F Distribution Tables

The F distribution is a right-skewed distribution used most commonly in Analysis of Variance

(see ANOVA/MANOVA). The F distribution is a ratio of two Chi-square distributions, and a
specific F distribution is denoted by the degrees of freedom for the numerator Chi-square and the
degrees of freedom for the denominator Chi-square. An example of the F(10,10) distribution is
shown in the animation above. When referencing the F distribution, the numerator degrees of
freedom are always given first, as switching the order of degrees of freedom changes the
distribution (e.g., F(10,12) does not equal F(12,10)). For the four F tables below, the rows represent
denominator degrees of freedom and the columns represent numerator degrees of freedom. The
right tail area is given in the name of the table. For example, to determine the .05 critical value
for an F distribution with 10 and 12 degrees of freedom, look in the 10 column (numerator) and
12 row (denominator) of the F Table for alpha=.05. F(.05, 10, 12) = 2.7534.

F Table for alpha=.10

df2/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 INF
df1
39.8 49.5 53.5 55.8 57.2 58.2 58.9 59.4 59.8 60.1 60.7 61.2 61.7 62.0 62.2 62.5 62.7 63.0 63.3
1
6346 0000 9324 3296 4008 0442 0595 3898 5759 9498 0521 2034 4029 0205 6497 2905 9428 6064 2812
8.52 9.00 9.16 9.24 9.29 9.32 9.34 9.36 9.38 9.39 9.40 9.42 9.44 9.44 9.45 9.46 9.47 9.48 9.49
2
632 000 179 342 263 553 908 677 054 157 813 471 131 962 793 624 456 289 122
5.53 5.46 5.39 5.34 5.30 5.28 5.26 5.25 5.24 5.23 5.21 5.20 5.18 5.17 5.16 5.15 5.15 5.14 5.13
3
832 238 077 264 916 473 619 167 000 041 562 031 448 636 811 972 119 251 370
4.54 4.32 4.19 4.10 4.05 4.00 3.97 3.95 3.93 3.91 3.89 3.87 3.84 3.83 3.81 3.80 3.78 3.77 3.76
4
477 456 086 725 058 975 897 494 567 988 553 036 434 099 742 361 957 527 073
4.06 3.77 3.61 3.52 3.45 3.40 3.36 3.33 3.31 3.29 3.26 3.23 3.20 3.19 3.17 3.15 3.14 3.12 3.10
5
042 972 948 020 298 451 790 928 628 740 824 801 665 052 408 732 023 279 500

3.77 3.46 3.28 3.18 3.10 3.05 3.01 2.98 2.95 2.93 2.90 2.87 2.83 2.81 2.79 2.78 2.76 2.74 2.72
6
595 330 876 076 751 455 446 304 774 693 472 122 634 834 996 117 195 229 216
3.58 3.25 3.07 2.96 2.88 2.82 2.78 2.75 2.72 2.70 2.66 2.63 2.59 2.57 2.55 2.53 2.51 2.49 2.47
7
943 744 407 053 334 739 493 158 468 251 811 223 473 533 546 510 422 279 079
3.45 3.11 2.92 2.80 2.72 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.56 2.53 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.38 2.36 2.33 2.31 2.29
8
792 312 380 643 645 833 413 935 124 804 196 422 464 410 302 136 910 618 257
3.36 3.00 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.55 2.50 2.46 2.44 2.41 2.37 2.33 2.29 2.27 2.25 2.23 2.20 2.18 2.15
9
030 645 286 268 061 086 531 941 034 632 888 962 832 683 472 196 849 427 923
3.28 2.92 2.72 2.60 2.52 2.46 2.41 2.37 2.34 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.17 2.15 2.13 2.10 2.08 2.05
10
502 447 767 534 164 058 397 715 731 260 405 351 074 843 543 169 716 176 542

3.22 2.85 2.66 2.53 2.45 2.38 2.34 2.30 2.27 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.12 2.10 2.07 2.05 2.02 1.99 1.97
11
520 951 023 619 118 907 157 400 350 823 873 709 305 001 621 161 612 965 211
3.17 2.80 2.60 2.48 2.39 2.33 2.28 2.24 2.21 2.18 2.14 2.10 2.05 2.03 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.90
12
655 680 552 010 402 102 278 457 352 776 744 485 968 599 149 610 973 228 361
3.13 2.76 2.56 2.43 2.34 2.28 2.23 2.19 2.16 2.13 2.09 2.05 2.00 1.98 1.95 1.93 1.90 1.87 1.84
13
621 317 027 371 672 298 410 535 382 763 659 316 698 272 757 147 429 591 620
 3.10 2.72 2.52 2.39 2.30 2.24 2.19 2.15 2.12 2.09 2.05 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.82 1.79
14
221 647 222 469 694 256 313 390 195 540 371 953 245 766 193 516 723 800 728
3.07 2.69 2.48 2.36 2.27 2.20 2.15 2.11 2.08 2.05 2.01 1.97 1.92 1.89 1.87 1.84 1.81 1.78 1.75
15
319 517 979 143 302 808 818 853 621 932 707 222 431 904 277 539 676 672 505

3.04 2.66 2.46 2.33 2.24 2.17 2.12 2.08 2.05 2.02 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.86 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.71
16
811 817 181 274 376 833 800 798 533 815 539 992 127 556 879 084 156 075 817
3.02 2.64 2.43 2.30 2.21 2.15 2.10 2.06 2.02 2.00 1.95 1.91 1.86 1.83 1.80 1.78 1.75 1.71 1.68
17
623 464 743 775 825 239 169 134 839 094 772 169 236 624 901 053 063 909 564
3.00 2.62 2.41 2.28 2.19 2.12 2.07 2.03 2.00 1.97 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.65
18
698 395 601 577 583 958 854 789 467 698 334 681 685 035 269 371 322 099 671
2.98 2.60 2.39 2.26 2.17 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.98 1.95 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.78 1.75 1.72 1.69 1.66 1.63
19
990 561 702 630 596 936 802 710 364 573 170 471 416 731 924 979 876 587 077
2.97 2.58 2.38 2.24 2.15 2.09 2.03 1.99 1.96 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.76 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.60
20
465 925 009 893 823 132 970 853 485 674 236 494 384 667 822 833 678 326 738

2.96 2.57 2.36 2.23 2.14 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.94 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.77 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.58
21
096 457 489 334 231 512 325 186 797 967 497 715 555 807 927 896 691 278 615
2.94 2.56 2.35 2.21 2.12 2.06 2.00 1.96 1.93 1.90 1.85 1.81 1.75 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.63 1.60 1.56
22
858 131 117 927 794 050 840 680 273 425 925 106 899 122 208 138 885 415 678
2.93 2.54 2.33 2.20 2.11 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.91 1.89 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.58 1.54
23
736 929 873 651 491 723 492 312 888 025 497 643 392 588 643 535 237 711 903
2.92 2.53 2.32 2.19 2.10 2.03 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.87 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.60 1.57 1.53
24
712 833 739 488 303 513 263 066 625 748 194 308 015 185 210 067 726 146 270
2.91 2.52 2.31 2.18 2.09 2.02 1.97 1.92 1.89 1.86 1.82 1.77 1.71 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.55 1.51
25
774 831 702 424 216 406 138 925 469 578 000 083 752 898 895 718 335 703 760

2.90 2.51 2.30 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.88 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.50
26
913 910 749 447 218 389 104 876 407 503 902 957 589 712 682 472 050 368 360
2.90 2.51 2.29 2.16 2.07 2.00 1.95 1.90 1.87 1.84 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.56 1.53 1.49
27
119 061 871 546 298 452 151 909 427 511 889 917 514 616 560 320 859 129 057
2.89 2.50 2.29 2.15 2.06 1.99 1.94 1.90 1.86 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.68 1.65 1.62 1.59 1.55 1.51 1.47
28
385 276 060 714 447 585 270 014 520 593 951 954 519 600 519 250 753 976 841
2.88 2.49 2.28 2.14 2.05 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.85 1.82 1.78 1.73 1.67 1.64 1.61 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.46
29
703 548 307 941 658 781 452 184 679 741 081 060 593 655 551 253 721 899 704
2.88 2.48 2.27 2.14 2.04 1.98 1.92 1.88 1.84 1.81 1.77 1.72 1.66 1.63 1.60 1.57 1.53 1.49 1.45
30
069 872 607 223 925 033 692 412 896 949 270 227 731 774 648 323 757 891 636

2.83 2.44 2.22 2.09 1.99 1.92 1.87 1.82 1.79 1.76 1.71 1.66 1.60 1.57 1.54 1.50 1.46 1.42 1.37
40
535 037 609 095 682 688 252 886 290 269 456 241 515 411 108 562 716 476 691
2.79 2.39 2.17 2.04 1.94 1.87 1.81 1.77 1.73 1.70 1.65 1.60 1.54 1.51 1.47 1.43 1.39 1.34 1.29
60
107 325 741 099 571 472 939 483 802 701 743 337 349 072 554 734 520 757 146
2.74 2.34 2.12 1.99 1.89 1.82 1.76 1.72 1.68 1.65 1.60 1.54 1.48 1.44 1.40 1.36 1.32 1.26 1.19
120
781 734 999 230 587 381 748 196 425 238 120 500 207 723 938 760 034 457 256
2.70 2.30 2.08 1.94 1.84 1.77 1.71 1.67 1.63 1.59 1.54 1.48 1.42 1.38 1.34 1.29 1.23 1.16 1.00
inf
554 259 380 486 727 411 672 020 152 872 578 714 060 318 187 513 995 860 000

To index
F Table for alpha=.05

df2/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 INF
df1
161. 199. 215. 224. 230. 233. 236. 238. 240. 241. 243. 245. 248. 249. 250. 251. 252. 253. 254.
1
4476 5000 7073 5832 1619 9860 7684 8827 5433 8817 9060 9499 0131 0518 0951 1432 1957 2529 3144
2 18.5 19.0 19.1 19.2 19.2 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.3 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4 19.4
 128 000 643 468 964 295 532 710 848 959 125 291 458 541 624 707 791 874 957
10.1 9.55 9.27 9.11 9.01 8.94 8.88 8.84 8.81 8.78 8.74 8.70 8.66 8.63 8.61 8.59 8.57 8.54 8.52
3
280 21 66 72 35 06 67 52 23 55 46 29 02 85 66 44 20 94 64
7.70 6.94 6.59 6.38 6.25 6.16 6.09 6.04 5.99 5.96 5.91 5.85 5.80 5.77 5.74 5.71 5.68 5.65 5.62
4
86 43 14 82 61 31 42 10 88 44 17 78 25 44 59 70 77 81 81
6.60 5.78 5.40 5.19 5.05 4.95 4.87 4.81 4.77 4.73 4.67 4.61 4.55 4.52 4.49 4.46 4.43 4.39 4.36
5
79 61 95 22 03 03 59 83 25 51 77 88 81 72 57 38 14 85 50

5.98 5.14 4.75 4.53 4.38 4.28 4.20 4.14 4.09 4.06 3.99 3.93 3.87 3.84 3.80 3.77 3.73 3.70 3.66
6
74 33 71 37 74 39 67 68 90 00 99 81 42 15 82 43 98 47 89
5.59 4.73 4.34 4.12 3.97 3.86 3.78 3.72 3.67 3.63 3.57 3.51 3.44 3.41 3.37 3.34 3.30 3.26 3.22
7
14 74 68 03 15 60 70 57 67 65 47 07 45 05 58 04 43 74 98
5.31 4.45 4.06 3.83 3.68 3.58 3.50 3.43 3.38 3.34 3.28 3.21 3.15 3.11 3.07 3.04 3.00 2.96 2.92
8
77 90 62 79 75 06 05 81 81 72 39 84 03 52 94 28 53 69 76
5.11 4.25 3.86 3.63 3.48 3.37 3.29 3.22 3.17 3.13 3.07 3.00 2.93 2.90 2.86 2.82 2.78 2.74 2.70
9
74 65 25 31 17 38 27 96 89 73 29 61 65 05 37 59 72 75 67
4.96 4.10 3.70 3.47 3.32 3.21 3.13 3.07 3.02 2.97 2.91 2.84 2.77 2.73 2.69 2.66 2.62 2.58 2.53
10
46 28 83 80 58 72 55 17 04 82 30 50 40 72 96 09 11 01 79

4.84 3.98 3.58 3.35 3.20 3.09 3.01 2.94 2.89 2.85 2.78 2.71 2.64 2.60 2.57 2.53 2.49 2.44 2.40
11
43 23 74 67 39 46 23 80 62 36 76 86 64 90 05 09 01 80 45
4.74 3.88 3.49 3.25 3.10 2.99 2.91 2.84 2.79 2.75 2.68 2.61 2.54 2.50 2.46 2.42 2.38 2.34 2.29
12
72 53 03 92 59 61 34 86 64 34 66 69 36 55 63 59 42 10 62
4.66 3.80 3.41 3.17 3.02 2.91 2.83 2.76 2.71 2.67 2.60 2.53 2.45 2.42 2.38 2.33 2.29 2.25 2.20
13
72 56 05 91 54 53 21 69 44 10 37 31 89 02 03 92 66 24 64
4.60 3.73 3.34 3.11 2.95 2.84 2.76 2.69 2.64 2.60 2.53 2.46 2.38 2.34 2.30 2.26 2.22 2.17 2.13
14
01 89 39 22 82 77 42 87 58 22 42 30 79 87 82 64 29 78 07
4.54 3.68 3.28 3.05 2.90 2.79 2.70 2.64 2.58 2.54 2.47 2.40 2.32 2.28 2.24 2.20 2.16 2.11 2.06
15
31 23 74 56 13 05 66 08 76 37 53 34 75 78 68 43 01 41 58

4.49 3.63 3.23 3.00 2.85 2.74 2.65 2.59 2.53 2.49 2.42 2.35 2.27 2.23 2.19 2.15 2.10 2.05 2.00
16
40 37 89 69 24 13 72 11 77 35 47 22 56 54 38 07 58 89 96
4.45 3.59 3.19 2.96 2.81 2.69 2.61 2.54 2.49 2.44 2.38 2.30 2.23 2.18 2.14 2.10 2.05 2.01 1.96
17
13 15 68 47 00 87 43 80 43 99 07 77 04 98 77 40 84 07 04
4.41 3.55 3.15 2.92 2.77 2.66 2.57 2.51 2.45 2.41 2.34 2.26 2.19 2.14 2.10 2.06 2.01 1.96 1.91
18
39 46 99 77 29 13 67 02 63 17 21 86 06 97 71 29 66 81 68
4.38 3.52 3.12 2.89 2.74 2.62 2.54 2.47 2.42 2.37 2.30 2.23 2.15 2.11 2.07 2.02 1.97 1.93 1.87
19
07 19 74 51 01 83 35 68 27 79 80 41 55 41 12 64 95 02 80
4.35 3.49 3.09 2.86 2.71 2.59 2.51 2.44 2.39 2.34 2.27 2.20 2.12 2.08 2.03 1.99 1.94 1.89 1.84
20
12 28 84 61 09 90 40 71 28 79 76 33 42 25 91 38 64 63 32

4.32 3.46 3.07 2.84 2.68 2.57 2.48 2.42 2.36 2.32 2.25 2.17 2.09 2.05 2.01 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81
21
48 68 25 01 48 27 76 05 60 10 04 57 60 40 02 45 65 57 17
4.30 3.44 3.04 2.81 2.66 2.54 2.46 2.39 2.34 2.29 2.22 2.15 2.07 2.02 1.98 1.93 1.88 1.83 1.78
22
09 34 91 67 13 91 38 65 19 67 58 08 07 83 42 80 94 80 31
4.27 3.42 3.02 2.79 2.64 2.52 2.44 2.37 2.32 2.27 2.20 2.12 2.04 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.86 1.81 1.75
23
93 21 80 55 00 77 22 48 01 47 36 82 76 50 05 39 48 28 70
4.25 3.40 3.00 2.77 2.62 2.50 2.42 2.35 2.30 2.25 2.18 2.10 2.02 1.98 1.93 1.89 1.84 1.78 1.73
24
97 28 88 63 07 82 26 51 02 47 34 77 67 38 90 20 24 96 30
4.24 3.38 2.99 2.75 2.60 2.49 2.40 2.33 2.28 2.23 2.16 2.08 2.00 1.96 1.91 1.87 1.82 1.76 1.71
25
17 52 12 87 30 04 47 71 21 65 49 89 75 43 92 18 17 84 10

4.22 3.36 2.97 2.74 2.58 2.47 2.38 2.32 2.26 2.21 2.14 2.07 1.98 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.74 1.69
26
52 90 52 26 68 41 83 05 55 97 79 16 98 64 10 33 27 88 06
4.21 3.35 2.96 2.72 2.57 2.45 2.37 2.30 2.25 2.20 2.13 2.05 1.97 1.92 1.88 1.83 1.78 1.73 1.67
27
00 41 04 78 19 91 32 53 01 43 23 58 36 99 42 61 51 06 17
4.19 3.34 2.94 2.71 2.55 2.44 2.35 2.29 2.23 2.19 2.11 2.04 1.95 1.91 1.86 1.82 1.76 1.71 1.65
28
60 04 67 41 81 53 93 13 60 00 79 11 86 47 87 03 89 38 41
4.18 3.32 2.93 2.70 2.54 2.43 2.34 2.27 2.22 2.17 2.10 2.02 1.94 1.90 1.85 1.80 1.75 1.69 1.63
29
30 77 40 14 54 24 63 83 29 68 45 75 46 05 43 55 37 81 76
 4.17 3.31 2.92 2.68 2.53 2.42 2.33 2.26 2.21 2.16 2.09 2.01 1.93 1.88 1.84 1.79 1.73 1.68 1.62
30
09 58 23 96 36 05 43 62 07 46 21 48 17 74 09 18 96 35 23

4.08 3.23 2.83 2.60 2.44 2.33 2.24 2.18 2.12 2.07 2.00 1.92 1.83 1.79 1.74 1.69 1.63 1.57 1.50
40
47 17 87 60 95 59 90 02 40 72 35 45 89 29 44 28 73 66 89
4.00 3.15 2.75 2.52 2.36 2.25 2.16 2.09 2.04 1.99 1.91 1.83 1.74 1.70 1.64 1.59 1.53 1.46 1.38
60
12 04 81 52 83 41 65 70 01 26 74 64 80 01 91 43 43 73 93
3.92 3.07 2.68 2.44 2.28 2.17 2.08 2.01 1.95 1.91 1.83 1.75 1.65 1.60 1.55 1.49 1.42 1.35 1.25
120
01 18 02 72 99 50 68 64 88 05 37 05 87 84 43 52 90 19 39
3.84 2.99 2.60 2.37 2.21 2.09 2.00 1.93 1.87 1.83 1.75 1.66 1.57 1.51 1.45 1.39 1.31 1.22 1.00
inf
15 57 49 19 41 86 96 84 99 07 22 64 05 73 91 40 80 14 00

To index
F Table for alpha=.025

df2/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 INF
df1
647. 799. 864. 899. 921. 937. 948. 956. 963. 968. 976. 984. 993. 997. 1001 1005 1009 1014 1018
1
7890 5000 1630 5833 8479 1111 2169 6562 2846 6274 7079 8668 1028 2492 .414 .598 .800 .020 .258
38.5 39.0 39.1 39.2 39.2 39.3 39.3 39.3 39.3 39.3 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4 39.4
2
063 000 655 484 982 315 552 730 869 980 146 313 479 562 65 73 81 90 98
17.4 16.0 15.4 15.1 14.8 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.4 14.4 14.3 14.2 14.1 14.1 14.0 14.0 13.9 13.9 13.9
3
434 441 392 010 848 347 244 399 731 189 366 527 674 241 81 37 92 47 02
12.2 10.6 9.97 9.60 9.36 9.19 9.07 8.97 8.90 8.84 8.75 8.65 8.55 8.51 8.46 8.41 8.36 8.30 8.25
4
179 491 92 45 45 73 41 96 47 39 12 65 99 09 1 1 0 9 7
10.0 8.43 7.76 7.38 7.14 6.97 6.85 6.75 6.68 6.61 6.52 6.42 6.32 6.27 6.22 6.17 6.12 6.06 6.01
5
070 36 36 79 64 77 31 72 11 92 45 77 86 80 7 5 3 9 5

8.81 7.25 6.59 6.22 5.98 5.81 5.69 5.59 5.52 5.46 5.36 5.26 5.16 5.11 5.06 5.01 4.95 4.90 4.84
6
31 99 88 72 76 98 55 96 34 13 62 87 84 72 5 2 9 4 9
8.07 6.54 5.88 5.52 5.28 5.11 4.99 4.89 4.82 4.76 4.66 4.56 4.46 4.41 4.36 4.30 4.25 4.19 4.14
7
27 15 98 26 52 86 49 93 32 11 58 78 67 50 2 9 4 9 2
7.57 6.05 5.41 5.05 4.81 4.65 4.52 4.43 4.35 4.29 4.19 4.10 3.99 3.94 3.89 3.84 3.78 3.72 3.67
8
09 95 60 26 73 17 86 33 72 51 97 12 95 72 4 0 4 8 0
7.20 5.71 5.07 4.71 4.48 4.31 4.19 4.10 4.02 3.96 3.86 3.76 3.66 3.61 3.56 3.50 3.44 3.39 3.33
9
93 47 81 81 44 97 70 20 60 39 82 94 69 42 0 5 9 2 3
6.93 5.45 4.82 4.46 4.23 4.07 3.94 3.85 3.77 3.71 3.62 3.52 3.41 3.36 3.31 3.25 3.19 3.14 3.08
10
67 64 56 83 61 21 98 49 90 68 09 17 85 54 1 5 8 0 0

6.72 5.25 4.63 4.27 4.04 3.88 3.75 3.66 3.58 3.52 3.42 3.32 3.22 3.17 3.11 3.06 3.00 2.94 2.88
11
41 59 00 51 40 07 86 38 79 57 96 99 61 25 8 1 4 4 3
6.55 5.09 4.47 4.12 3.89 3.72 3.60 3.51 3.43 3.37 3.27 3.17 3.07 3.01 2.96 2.90 2.84 2.78 2.72
12
38 59 42 12 11 83 65 18 58 36 73 72 28 87 3 6 8 7 5
6.41 4.96 4.34 3.99 3.76 3.60 3.48 3.38 3.31 3.24 3.15 3.05 2.94 2.89 2.83 2.78 2.72 2.65 2.59
13
43 53 72 59 67 43 27 80 20 97 32 27 77 32 7 0 0 9 5
6.29 4.85 4.24 3.89 3.66 3.50 3.37 3.28 3.20 3.14 3.05 2.94 2.84 2.78 2.73 2.67 2.61 2.55 2.48
14
79 67 17 19 34 14 99 53 93 69 02 93 37 88 2 4 4 2 7
6.19 4.76 4.15 3.80 3.57 3.41 3.29 3.19 3.12 3.06 2.96 2.86 2.75 2.70 2.64 2.58 2.52 2.46 2.39
15
95 50 28 43 64 47 34 87 27 02 33 21 59 06 4 5 4 1 5

6.11 4.68 4.07 3.72 3.50 3.34 3.21 3.12 3.04 2.98 2.88 2.78 2.68 2.62 2.56 2.50 2.44 2.38 2.31
16
51 67 68 94 21 06 94 48 88 62 90 75 08 52 8 9 7 3 6
6.04 4.61 4.01 3.66 3.43 3.27 3.15 3.06 2.98 2.92 2.82 2.72 2.61 2.55 2.50 2.44 2.38 2.31 2.24
17
20 89 12 48 79 67 56 10 49 22 49 30 58 98 2 2 0 5 7
18 5.97 4.55 3.95 3.60 3.38 3.22 3.09 3.00 2.92 2.86 2.76 2.66 2.55 2.50 2.44 2.38 2.32 2.25 2.18
 81 97 39 83 20 09 99 53 91 64 89 67 90 27 5 4 1 6 7
5.92 4.50 3.90 3.55 3.33 3.17 3.05 2.95 2.88 2.81 2.71 2.61 2.50 2.45 2.39 2.33 2.27 2.20 2.13
19
16 75 34 87 27 18 09 63 01 72 96 71 89 23 4 3 0 3 3
5.87 4.46 3.85 3.51 3.28 3.12 3.00 2.91 2.83 2.77 2.67 2.57 2.46 2.40 2.34 2.28 2.22 2.15 2.08
20
15 13 87 47 91 83 74 28 65 37 58 31 45 76 9 7 3 6 5

5.82 4.41 3.81 3.47 3.25 3.08 2.96 2.87 2.79 2.73 2.63 2.53 2.42 2.36 2.30 2.24 2.18 2.11 2.04
21
66 99 88 54 01 95 86 40 77 48 68 38 47 75 8 6 2 4 2
5.78 4.38 3.78 3.44 3.21 3.05 2.93 2.83 2.76 2.69 2.60 2.49 2.38 2.33 2.27 2.21 2.14 2.07 2.00
22
63 28 29 01 51 46 38 92 28 98 17 84 90 15 2 0 5 6 3
5.74 4.34 3.75 3.40 3.18 3.02 2.90 2.80 2.73 2.66 2.56 2.46 2.35 2.29 2.23 2.17 2.11 2.04 1.96
23
98 92 05 83 35 32 23 77 13 82 99 65 67 89 9 6 1 1 8
5.71 4.31 3.72 3.37 3.15 2.99 2.87 2.77 2.70 2.63 2.54 2.43 2.32 2.26 2.20 2.14 2.08 2.01 1.93
24
66 87 11 94 48 46 38 91 27 96 11 74 73 93 9 6 0 0 5
5.68 4.29 3.69 3.35 3.12 2.96 2.84 2.75 2.67 2.61 2.51 2.41 2.30 2.24 2.18 2.11 2.05 1.98 1.90
25
64 09 43 30 87 85 78 31 66 35 49 10 05 22 2 8 2 1 6

5.65 4.26 3.66 3.32 3.10 2.94 2.82 2.72 2.65 2.58 2.49 2.38 2.27 2.21 2.15 2.09 2.02 1.95 1.87
26
86 55 97 89 48 47 40 93 28 96 08 67 59 74 7 3 6 4 8
5.63 4.24 3.64 3.30 3.08 2.92 2.80 2.70 2.63 2.56 2.46 2.36 2.25 2.19 2.13 2.06 2.00 1.93 1.85
27
31 21 72 67 28 28 21 74 09 76 88 44 33 46 3 9 2 0 3
5.60 4.22 3.62 3.28 3.06 2.90 2.78 2.68 2.61 2.54 2.44 2.34 2.23 2.17 2.11 2.04 1.98 1.90 1.82
28
96 05 64 63 26 27 20 72 06 73 84 38 24 35 2 8 0 7 9
5.58 4.20 3.60 3.26 3.04 2.88 2.76 2.66 2.59 2.52 2.42 2.32 2.21 2.15 2.09 2.02 1.95 1.88 1.80
29
78 06 72 74 38 40 33 86 19 86 95 48 31 40 2 8 9 6 7
5.56 4.18 3.58 3.24 3.02 2.86 2.74 2.65 2.57 2.51 2.41 2.30 2.19 2.13 2.07 2.00 1.94 1.86 1.78
30
75 21 94 99 65 67 60 13 46 12 20 72 52 59 4 9 0 6 7

5.42 4.05 3.46 3.12 2.90 2.74 2.62 2.52 2.45 2.38 2.28 2.18 2.06 2.00 1.94 1.87 1.80 1.72 1.63
40
39 10 33 61 37 44 38 89 19 82 82 19 77 69 3 5 3 4 7
5.28 3.92 3.34 3.00 2.78 2.62 2.50 2.41 2.33 2.27 2.16 2.06 1.94 1.88 1.81 1.74 1.66 1.58 1.48
60
56 53 25 77 63 74 68 17 44 02 92 13 45 17 5 4 7 1 2
5.15 3.80 3.22 2.89 2.67 2.51 2.39 2.29 2.22 2.15 2.05 1.94 1.82 1.75 1.69 1.61 1.53 1.43 1.31
120
23 46 69 43 40 54 48 94 17 70 48 50 49 97 0 4 0 3 0
5.02 3.68 3.11 2.78 2.56 2.40 2.28 2.19 2.11 2.04 1.94 1.83 1.70 1.64 1.56 1.48 1.38 1.26 1.00
inf
39 89 61 58 65 82 75 18 36 83 47 26 85 02 6 4 8 8 0

To index
F Table for alpha=.01

df2/
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 12 15 20 24 30 40 60 120 INF
df1
4052 4999 5403 5624 5763 5858 5928 5981 6022 6055 6106 6157 6208 6234 6260 6286 6313 6339 6365
1
.181 .500 .352 .583 .650 .986 .356 .070 .473 .847 .321 .285 .730 .631 .649 .782 .030 .391 .864
98.5 99.0 99.1 99.2 99.2 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4 99.4
2
03 00 66 49 99 33 56 74 88 99 16 33 49 58 66 74 82 91 99
34.1 30.8 29.4 28.7 28.2 27.9 27.6 27.4 27.3 27.2 27.0 26.8 26.6 26.5 26.5 26.4 26.3 26.2 26.1
3
16 17 57 10 37 11 72 89 45 29 52 72 90 98 05 11 16 21 25
21.1 18.0 16.6 15.9 15.5 15.2 14.9 14.7 14.6 14.5 14.3 14.1 14.0 13.9 13.8 13.7 13.6 13.5 13.4
4
98 00 94 77 22 07 76 99 59 46 74 98 20 29 38 45 52 58 63
16.2 13.2 12.0 11.3 10.9 10.6 10.4 10.2 10.1 10.0 9.88 9.72 9.55 9.46 9.37 9.29 9.20 9.11 9.02
5
58 74 60 92 67 72 56 89 58 51 8 2 3 6 9 1 2 2 0

13.7 10.9 9.78 9.14 8.74 8.46 8.26 8.10 7.97 7.87 7.71 7.55 7.39 7.31 7.22 7.14 7.05 6.96 6.88
6
45 25 0 8 6 6 0 2 6 4 8 9 6 3 9 3 7 9 0
 12.2 9.54 8.45 7.84 7.46 7.19 6.99 6.84 6.71 6.62 6.46 6.31 6.15 6.07 5.99 5.90 5.82 5.73 5.65
7
46 7 1 7 0 1 3 0 9 0 9 4 5 4 2 8 4 7 0
11.2 8.64 7.59 7.00 6.63 6.37 6.17 6.02 5.91 5.81 5.66 5.51 5.35 5.27 5.19 5.11 5.03 4.94 4.85
8
59 9 1 6 2 1 8 9 1 4 7 5 9 9 8 6 2 6 9
10.5 8.02 6.99 6.42 6.05 5.80 5.61 5.46 5.35 5.25 5.11 4.96 4.80 4.72 4.64 4.56 4.48 4.39 4.31
9
61 2 2 2 7 2 3 7 1 7 1 2 8 9 9 7 3 8 1
10.0 7.55 6.55 5.99 5.63 5.38 5.20 5.05 4.94 4.84 4.70 4.55 4.40 4.32 4.24 4.16 4.08 3.99 3.90
10
44 9 2 4 6 6 0 7 2 9 6 8 5 7 7 5 2 6 9

9.64 7.20 6.21 5.66 5.31 5.06 4.88 4.74 4.63 4.53 4.39 4.25 4.09 4.02 3.94 3.86 3.77 3.69 3.60
11
6 6 7 8 6 9 6 4 2 9 7 1 9 1 1 0 6 0 2
9.33 6.92 5.95 5.41 5.06 4.82 4.64 4.49 4.38 4.29 4.15 4.01 3.85 3.78 3.70 3.61 3.53 3.44 3.36
12
0 7 3 2 4 1 0 9 8 6 5 0 8 0 1 9 5 9 1
9.07 6.70 5.73 5.20 4.86 4.62 4.44 4.30 4.19 4.10 3.96 3.81 3.66 3.58 3.50 3.42 3.34 3.25 3.16
13
4 1 9 5 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 5 5 7 7 5 1 5 5
8.86 6.51 5.56 5.03 4.69 4.45 4.27 4.14 4.03 3.93 3.80 3.65 3.50 3.42 3.34 3.26 3.18 3.09 3.00
14
2 5 4 5 5 6 8 0 0 9 0 6 5 7 8 6 1 4 4
8.68 6.35 5.41 4.89 4.55 4.31 4.14 4.00 3.89 3.80 3.66 3.52 3.37 3.29 3.21 3.13 3.04 2.95 2.86
15
3 9 7 3 6 8 2 4 5 5 6 2 2 4 4 2 7 9 8

8.53 6.22 5.29 4.77 4.43 4.20 4.02 3.89 3.78 3.69 3.55 3.40 3.25 3.18 3.10 3.01 2.93 2.84 2.75
16
1 6 2 3 7 2 6 0 0 1 3 9 9 1 1 8 3 5 3
8.40 6.11 5.18 4.66 4.33 4.10 3.92 3.79 3.68 3.59 3.45 3.31 3.16 3.08 3.00 2.92 2.83 2.74 2.65
17
0 2 5 9 6 2 7 1 2 3 5 2 2 4 3 0 5 6 3
8.28 6.01 5.09 4.57 4.24 4.01 3.84 3.70 3.59 3.50 3.37 3.22 3.07 2.99 2.91 2.83 2.74 2.66 2.56
18
5 3 2 9 8 5 1 5 7 8 1 7 7 9 9 5 9 0 6
8.18 5.92 5.01 4.50 4.17 3.93 3.76 3.63 3.52 3.43 3.29 3.15 3.00 2.92 2.84 2.76 2.67 2.58 2.48
19
5 6 0 0 1 9 5 1 3 4 7 3 3 5 4 1 4 4 9
8.09 5.84 4.93 4.43 4.10 3.87 3.69 3.56 3.45 3.36 3.23 3.08 2.93 2.85 2.77 2.69 2.60 2.51 2.42
20
6 9 8 1 3 1 9 4 7 8 1 8 8 9 8 5 8 7 1

8.01 5.78 4.87 4.36 4.04 3.81 3.64 3.50 3.39 3.31 3.17 3.03 2.88 2.80 2.72 2.63 2.54 2.45 2.36
21
7 0 4 9 2 2 0 6 8 0 3 0 0 1 0 6 8 7 0
7.94 5.71 4.81 4.31 3.98 3.75 3.58 3.45 3.34 3.25 3.12 2.97 2.82 2.74 2.66 2.58 2.49 2.40 2.30
22
5 9 7 3 8 8 7 3 6 8 1 8 7 9 7 3 5 3 5
7.88 5.66 4.76 4.26 3.93 3.71 3.53 3.40 3.29 3.21 3.07 2.93 2.78 2.70 2.62 2.53 2.44 2.35 2.25
23
1 4 5 4 9 0 9 6 9 1 4 1 1 2 0 5 7 4 6
7.82 5.61 4.71 4.21 3.89 3.66 3.49 3.36 3.25 3.16 3.03 2.88 2.73 2.65 2.57 2.49 2.40 2.31 2.21
24
3 4 8 8 5 7 6 3 6 8 2 9 8 9 7 2 3 0 1
7.77 5.56 4.67 4.17 3.85 3.62 3.45 3.32 3.21 3.12 2.99 2.85 2.69 2.62 2.53 2.45 2.36 2.27 2.16
25
0 8 5 7 5 7 7 4 7 9 3 0 9 0 8 3 4 0 9

7.72 5.52 4.63 4.14 3.81 3.59 3.42 3.28 3.18 3.09 2.95 2.81 2.66 2.58 2.50 2.41 2.32 2.23 2.13
26
1 6 7 0 8 1 1 8 2 4 8 5 4 5 3 7 7 3 1
7.67 5.48 4.60 4.10 3.78 3.55 3.38 3.25 3.14 3.06 2.92 2.78 2.63 2.55 2.47 2.38 2.29 2.19 2.09
27
7 8 1 6 5 8 8 6 9 2 6 3 2 2 0 4 4 8 7
7.63 5.45 4.56 4.07 3.75 3.52 3.35 3.22 3.12 3.03 2.89 2.75 2.60 2.52 2.44 2.35 2.26 2.16 2.06
28
6 3 8 4 4 8 8 6 0 2 6 3 2 2 0 4 3 7 4
7.59 5.42 4.53 4.04 3.72 3.49 3.33 3.19 3.09 3.00 2.86 2.72 2.57 2.49 2.41 2.32 2.23 2.13 2.03
29
8 0 8 5 5 9 0 8 2 5 8 6 4 5 2 5 4 8 4
7.56 5.39 4.51 4.01 3.69 3.47 3.30 3.17 3.06 2.97 2.84 2.70 2.54 2.46 2.38 2.29 2.20 2.11 2.00
30
2 0 0 8 9 3 4 3 7 9 3 0 9 9 6 9 8 1 6

7.31 5.17 4.31 3.82 3.51 3.29 3.12 2.99 2.88 2.80 2.66 2.52 2.36 2.28 2.20 2.11 2.01 1.91 1.80
40
4 9 3 8 4 1 4 3 8 1 5 2 9 8 3 4 9 7 5
7.07 4.97 4.12 3.64 3.33 3.11 2.95 2.82 2.71 2.63 2.49 2.35 2.19 2.11 2.02 1.93 1.83 1.72 1.60
60
7 7 6 9 9 9 3 3 8 2 6 2 8 5 8 6 6 6 1
6.85 4.78 3.94 3.48 3.17 2.95 2.79 2.66 2.55 2.47 2.33 2.19 2.03 1.95 1.86 1.76 1.65 1.53 1.38
120
1 7 9 0 4 6 2 3 9 2 6 2 5 0 0 3 6 3 1
inf 6.63 4.60 3.78 3.31 3.01 2.80 2.63 2.51 2.40 2.32
 5 5 2 9 7 2 9 1 7 1

Table: Chi-Square Probabilities

The areas given across the top are the areas to the right of the critical value. To look up an area
on the left, subtract it from one, and then look it up (ie: 0.05 on the left is 0.95 on the right)
 df 0.995 0.99 0.975 0.95 0.90 0.10 0.05 0.025 0.01 0.005
1 --- --- 0.001 0.004 0.016 2.706 3.841 5.024 6.635 7.879
2 0.010 0.020 0.051 0.103 0.211 4.605 5.991 7.378 9.210 10.597
3 0.072 0.115 0.216 0.352 0.584 6.251 7.815 9.348 11.345 12.838
4 0.207 0.297 0.484 0.711 1.064 7.779 9.488 11.143 13.277 14.860
5 0.412 0.554 0.831 1.145 1.610 9.236 11.070 12.833 15.086 16.750
6 0.676 0.872 1.237 1.635 2.204 10.645 12.592 14.449 16.812 18.548
7 0.989 1.239 1.690 2.167 2.833 12.017 14.067 16.013 18.475 20.278
8 1.344 1.646 2.180 2.733 3.490 13.362 15.507 17.535 20.090 21.955
9 1.735 2.088 2.700 3.325 4.168 14.684 16.919 19.023 21.666 23.589
10 2.156 2.558 3.247 3.940 4.865 15.987 18.307 20.483 23.209 25.188
11 2.603 3.053 3.816 4.575 5.578 17.275 19.675 21.920 24.725 26.757
12 3.074 3.571 4.404 5.226 6.304 18.549 21.026 23.337 26.217 28.300
13 3.565 4.107 5.009 5.892 7.042 19.812 22.362 24.736 27.688 29.819
14 4.075 4.660 5.629 6.571 7.790 21.064 23.685 26.119 29.141 31.319
15 4.601 5.229 6.262 7.261 8.547 22.307 24.996 27.488 30.578 32.801
16 5.142 5.812 6.908 7.962 9.312 23.542 26.296 28.845 32.000 34.267
17 5.697 6.408 7.564 8.672 10.085 24.769 27.587 30.191 33.409 35.718
18 6.265 7.015 8.231 9.390 10.865 25.989 28.869 31.526 34.805 37.156
19 6.844 7.633 8.907 10.117 11.651 27.204 30.144 32.852 36.191 38.582
20 7.434 8.260 9.591 10.851 12.443 28.412 31.410 34.170 37.566 39.997
21 8.034 8.897 10.283 11.591 13.240 29.615 32.671 35.479 38.932 41.401
22 8.643 9.542 10.982 12.338 14.041 30.813 33.924 36.781 40.289 42.796
23 9.260 10.196 11.689 13.091 14.848 32.007 35.172 38.076 41.638 44.181
24 9.886 10.856 12.401 13.848 15.659 33.196 36.415 39.364 42.980 45.559
25 10.520 11.524 13.120 14.611 16.473 34.382 37.652 40.646 44.314 46.928
26 11.160 12.198 13.844 15.379 17.292 35.563 38.885 41.923 45.642 48.290
27 11.808 12.879 14.573 16.151 18.114 36.741 40.113 43.195 46.963 49.645
28 12.461 13.565 15.308 16.928 18.939 37.916 41.337 44.461 48.278 50.993
29 13.121 14.256 16.047 17.708 19.768 39.087 42.557 45.722 49.588 52.336
30 13.787 14.953 16.791 18.493 20.599 40.256 43.773 46.979 50.892 53.672
40 20.707 22.164 24.433 26.509 29.051 51.805 55.758 59.342 63.691 66.766
50 27.991 29.707 32.357 34.764 37.689 63.167 67.505 71.420 76.154 79.490
60 35.534 37.485 40.482 43.188 46.459 74.397 79.082 83.298 88.379 91.952
70 43.275 45.442 48.758 51.739 55.329 85.527 90.531 95.023 100.425 104.215
80 51.172 53.540 57.153 60.391 64.278 96.578 101.879 106.629 112.329 116.321
90 59.196 61.754 65.647 69.126 73.291 107.565 113.145 118.136 124.116 128.299
100 67.328 70.065 74.222 77.929 82.358 118.498 124.342 129.561 135.807 140.169