Systems Operation 323F Excavator Hydraulic System-Swing System

Swing System

Hydraulic schematic for SWING RIGHT

(1) Pilot line
(2) Passage
(3) Swing parking brake
(4) Swing motor
(5) Motor rotary group
(6) Relief valve
(7) Anti-reaction valve
(8) Make up line
(9) Line
(10) Line
(11) Passage
(12) Load check valve
(13) Parallel feeder passage
(14) Main control valve
(15) Parallel feeder passage
(16) Passage
(17) Passage
(18) Swing control valve
(19) Stick I control valve
(20) Swing priority solenoid
(21) Passage
(22) Passage
(23) Pilot control valve (swing and stick)
(24) Pilot line
(25) Swing pressure sensor
(26) Pilot line
(27) Swing priority valve
(28) Drive pump
(29) Idler pump
(30) Pilot pump
(31) Swing brake solenoid valve
(32) Slow return check valve
(33) Hydraulic tank
(34) Pilot oil manifold
(35) Drain line
(36) Pilot line
(37) Pilot line
(38) Passage
(39) Center bypass passage
(40) Center bypass passage
(41) Negative flow control orifice
(42) Negative flow control line
(43) Load check valve
(44) Bucket control valve(45) Passage
The oil delivery for the swing hydraulic circuit is supplied by idler pump (29) only. When either
one of the joysticks is moved from the NEUTRAL position, swing parking brake (3) is released.
Motor rotary group (5) starts to rotate. Swing motor (4) is mounted on top of the swing drive.
The swing drive is installed on the upper structure. The swing drive reduces the motor speed by
two stages. The swing drive rotates the upper structure.
ReferenceFor more information concerning the operation of the swing motor, refer to Systems
Operation, "Swing Motor".
ReferenceFor more information concerning the operation of the swing drive, refer to Systems
Operation, "Swing Drive".
ReferenceFor more information concerning the operation of the swing parking brake and the
swing brake solenoid valve, refer to Systems Operation, "Pilot Valve (Swing Parking Brake)".
Main control valve(18) Swing control valve

Compartment for the swing motor (typical example)

(4) Swing motor
(8) Makeup line
(9) Line(10) Line
View from underside of machine
(31) Swing brake solenoid valve(34) Pilot oil manifold
The oil delivery from idler pump (29) flows through center bypass passage (39) in main control
valve (14) to swing control valve (18). The oil delivery from drive pump (28) flows through
center bypass passage (40) in main control valve (14). Illustration 1 shows main control valve
(14) when only the swing hydraulic circuit is activated.
When the hydraulic lockout lever is in the UNLOCKED position, the oil delivery from pilot
pump (30) flows to pilot oil manifold (34) and swing brake solenoid valve (31). The oil delivery
from pilot pump (30) also flows to pilot control valve (23) .
When the swing joystick is moved to the SWING RIGHT position, swing pressure sensor (25)
senses the increase in pilot oil pressure. Swing pressure sensor (25) sends an input signal to the
machine ECM. The machine ECM then energizes swing brake solenoid valve (31). Swing brake
solenoid valve (31) shifts. Pilot oil flows through pilot line (1) to swing parking brake (3). Swing
parking brake (3) releases in order to enable a swing operation.
The oil delivery from pilot pump (30) flows from pilot control valve (23) through pilot line (26)
and into swing control valve (18). The spool in swing control valve (18) shifts to the right. The
pilot oil on the other end of the spool in swing control valve (18) flows through pilot line (36)
and pilot control valve (23) to hydraulic tank (33) .
Since the spool in swing control valve (18) is fully shifted, center bypass passage (39) is blocked.
None of the oil delivery from idler pump (29) flows to negative flow control orifice (41) and no
negative flow control pressure is created in center bypass passage (39). Since no negative flow
control pressure is sent through negative flow control line (42) to the idler pump regulator, the
idler pump regulator moves the swashplate of idler pump (29) toward the maximum angle
position. The output flow rate of idler pump (29) increases. The oil delivery from idler pump
(29) flows through parallel feeder passage (13), load check valve (12), passage (17), swing
control valve (18), passage (16) and line (9) to swing motor (4). The oil enters swing motor (4)
and flows to motor rotary group (5). Motor rotary group (5) rotates.
The oil delivery for the swing hydraulic circuit is supplied by idler pump (29) only. Since only a
swing operation is being performed, the control valves that receive the oil delivery from drive
pump (28) are in the NEUTRAL position. The negative flow control pressure in center bypass
passage (40) is not blocked by any of the control valves. Drive pump (28) remains at the
destroked position.
ReferenceFor more information concerning the negative flow control operation, refer to Systems
Operation, "Negative Flow Control System".
Return oil from motor rotary group (5) flows through line (10) to main control valve (14). The
return oil flows through swing control valve (18), return passage (11), and slow return check
valve (32) to hydraulic tank (33). The upper structure swings to the right (clockwise direction).
The SWING LEFT operation is like the SWING RIGHT operation.
When the swing joystick is moved to the SWING LEFT position, pilot oil from pilot control
valve (23) flows through pilot line (36) and into swing control valve (18). The spool in swing
control valve (18) shifts to the left. The oil delivery from idler pump (29) in parallel feeder
passage (13) flows through passage (17) and line (10). The oil delivery enters motor rotary group
(5). For a swing left operation, the supply ports and return ports are reverse of the swing right
operation. This action causes the upper structure to swing to the left (counterclockwise
direction).
When the swing joystick is returned to the NEUTRAL position, the spring on the end of swing
control valve (18) will return the spool back to the NEUTRAL position. The oil flow to swing
motor (4) and the oil flow from swing motor (4) is blocked by swing control valve (18) .