Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Presented By
Sheppard T. Powell
Associates, LLC
Baltimore Maryland
www.stpa.com
Presentation Format
6 Objectives Of Treatment Program
6 Steam/Water Cycle: Basic Components
6 Top Routine Chemistry Parameters
6 Summary
1
Objectives Of Treatment Program
2
Boiler Blistering Example
6 Deposits After
Brushing
6 Under-Deposit
Corrosion
3
Turbine Deposits Example
4
Steam/Water Cycle Diagram
Sweetwater
Condenser
FW Out
FW In CCNa Mill Condensate(s) Condensate
Desup. CCNa S
Water Steam S Storage
S
TU SC
pH
S Boiler Steam (For Each)
SC S S Condensate
Vent SC S Filter/Polisher
S Na System
CC Blowdown/Makeup
Desuper- Deaerator Heat Exchanger
pH
heating And Storage
SC Water
Na S S
DO S
SiO2 Treated Makeup
Feedwater S Makeup S Storage
Heater(s) SC
Na SiO
Usually Operated As A Grab Sample Point
2
Questions
5
Specific Conductivity
6 Total Conductive Solids (Salts, Acids, Alkalis)
6 High Levels Can Cause Foaming and/or Corrosion
6 Units: Usually S/cm
6 Micromho (mho/cm) = Microsiemen (S/cm)
6 Millimho (mmho/cm) = Millisiemen (mS/cm)
6 1 mS/cm = 1000 S/cm (Beware of auto-switching ranges
on meter!)
Specific Conductivity
Normal Values,
Sample Main Source
S/cm
Condensate &
2.0 6.0 Amine Feed
Feedwater
6
Example of Amine Blend Effect on Conductivity
Specific Conductivit y, S/ cm 12
Trial A - Change in SC
10 (33.9 - 35.7C)
Trial B - Change in SC
8 (34.0 - 36.3C)
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volume of Amine Blend, ppm
6 5 4 3 2 2 3 4 5 6
10 10 10 10 10 10 1 1 10 10 10 10 10 10
Acid Units Base Units
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
pH Neutral pH
Demineralized
Water
Condensate/Feedwater
Vinegar Boiler Water
Lemon Juice Household Ammonia
5% Sulfuric Acid 4% Caustic Soda
7
Example of Amine Blend Effect on pH
9.4
9.2
9.0
pH
8.8
Trial A - pH (33.9 - 35.7C)
8.6
Trial B - pH (34.0 - 36.3C)
8.4
8.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Volume of Amine Blend, ppm
50.0
Product Release, g/ m Year
10.0
Copper Corrosion
2
70Cu/30Ni
90Cu
/ 10 N
1.0 i
0.2
7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0
pH
8
Dissolved Oxygen
12
90Cu/10Ni (Alloy 706) 3 ppb O2 100-200 ppb H
10 90Cu/10Ni (Alloy 706) 200 ppb O2 25 ppb H
8
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
Temperature F
9
Dissolved Oxygen
6 Normal Values
Mill Water or Demineralized Water
Saturated (8,000 - 14,000 ppb)
Trays
Steam
Inlet
10
Deaerator Spray Nozzles And Trays
11
Oxygen Scavenger Feed
6 Underfeed
Copper Corrosion in Steam/Condensate System
Pitting of Economizer
6 Overfeed
FAC: Flow Accelerated Corrosion and Rupture of Steel Pipe
Lines (e.g., Feedwater Line)
Decomposition Products
Questions
12
Hardness In Generation Bank Tube
6 Hardness Scale In
Generation Bank
Tube, Dispersant
Treatment
6 Without Dispersants,
Gray Mayonnaise
Deposits Are In
Drums
Hardness Definition
6 Mainly the Calcium (Ca) and Magnesium (Mg)
6 Precipitates and Forms Hardness Scale In Boiler
6 Precipitation Can Result in Decreased Boiler pH
13
Hardness - Limits
6 Expected Values (ppm CaCO3)
Feedwater and Turbine Condensate: 0.0
Process Condensate 0.0 Trace
6 Sources
Mill Water In Condensate/Feedwater
Problem In Makeup Demineralization System
Cooling
Water Drain
Drain
Seal Water
Throttling
Valve
14
Phosphate (PO4)
6 Amount of Sodium Phosphate Dissolved in Boiler Water
6 Units: ppm PO4 = mg/L PO4
6 Purpose:
Stabilizes pH
Precipitates Hardness as Softer Deposits
Backup Indication of Hardness Contamination
9.5
pH
9.0
8.5
8.0
6 10 14 18 22 26 30
Phosphate, mg/L
15
Phosphate Effect on Boiler Water pH
Sodium-To-Phosphate
Molar Ratio
3 .0
NaOH 2. 6
2 .4
TSP
2. 2
DSP
pH
2. 1
(MSP)
Blowdown
2.0
Phosphate, mg/L
16
Appendices
6 A: Makeup Water Treatment
6 B: Condensate Collection and Treatment
6 C: Feedwater Treatment System
6 D: Boiler Water Treatment
6 E: Steam Purity Considerations
6 F: Additional Chemistry Testing
6 G: Preventive Maintenance
6 H: Personnel Training
6 I: Chemical Cleaning
17