Name : Ayu Puspita Budiputri

NIM : 4133341012
Class : Biology Eks.B.2013

REVIEW JOURNAL
Identity of journal
Name of journal : Sterilization of Pineapple Explant from Sipahutar, North
Sumatera, Indonesia (Ananas comosus L.) And In Vitro
Growth Induction.
Publisher : Asian Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology And
Enviromental Science Paper.
Issue :2
Year : 2015
Volume : 21
Authors : 1. Fauziah Harahap
2. Roedhy Poerwanto
3. Sobir
4. Hasruddin
5. Cicik Suriani
6. J. Siallagan
7. Rohyana
Date of receipt : 20 October 2015
Introduction and Aims of Research
Reasons such study was done because the Sipahutar pineapple have the
advantage that it tastes more sweet, water is low content, denser texture, yellow
color and liked by the community, but production is very limited and endangered.
The aims of the research were to obtain optimum sterilization techniques
for pineapple explants (Ananas comosus L.) from Sipahutar and growth induction
of in vitro shoots with Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) and Indole Acetate Acid
(IAA) plant growth regulators (PGR).
Pineapple is one of the major economically important fruit crop in tropical
zone. Comparing its annual world production which exceeds 15 billion kg per
year, India produces nearly 1.3 billion kg per year. But the seeds of these plants
are very slow to germinate and therefore are not used for commercial purposes.
For vegetative propagation of the plants, crowns and slips have been successfully
used over years. In case of industrial scale production suckers and heaps are also
used (Dutta et al., 2013).
In this research noted that famers in Sipahutar develop these plants used
crown, buds, divide old plants as seed of a comparatively very limited for large
land fill. Of some related research, one alternative to solve this problem was by
tissue culture techniques. This technology has been widely used for get the
uniform seedlings especially on horticulture crops.
Through tissue culture, the plants can be reproduced at anytime as needed
for propagation factor high. So it can produce a uniform and quality seeds
guaranteed. The availability of quality seeds, uniform and reasonable prices by
farmes is the first step to increase the production of Sipahutar pineapple (Amin et
al., 2005).
Materials and Methods
Materials used in this research is pineapple crown in Sipahutar, MS
medium, alcohol, sterile distilled water, detergent, NaClO, BAP and IAA. The
tools used for this research were standard tissue culture.
Sterilization techniques to cleaning the explants, used 5% detergent, then
cleaned with water, continued using different sterilants for different durations.
Between sterilan I and II, the explants were washed with sterile distilled water.
Explants were cultured on MS medium+ 5 mg L 1 Kinetin + 0.5 mgL 1 IAA for
induction of early growth. Growth induction continued with four concentration of
Benzyl Amino Purine (BAP) (0, 2, 4, 6) mg L-1 and three concentration of IAA
(0, 0.5, 1) mg L1 were used as a treatment in Murashige and Skoog (MS)
medium.
While, sterilization is the technique employed to get rid of the microbes
such as bacteria and fungi in the culture medium and plant tissues. So, it is
important to sterilize the culture medium and plant tissue. The culture medium
can be sterilised by keeping it in an autoclave and maintaining the temperature of
121C for 15 minutes. The plant tissue (inoculum) is to be surface sterilised
(Edwin et al., 2005).
Results and Discussion
Plant tissue cultures must usually be established and maintained in aseptic
conditions. Most kinds of microbial organism, and in particular bacteria and fungi,
compete adversely with plant material growing in vitro. Therefore, as far as
possible, explants must be free from microbial contaminants when they are first
placed on a nutrient medium. This usually involves growing stock plants in ways
that will minimise infection, treating the plant material with disinfecting
chemicals to kill superficial microbes, and sterilising the tools used for dissection
and the vessels and media in which cultures are grown (George et al., 2008).
In this research, sterilization of explants and growth induction with nine
sterilization procedure was performed on Sipahutar pineapple crown. Various
chemical compounds, antibiotics showed an influence on the time of
contaminated, the percentage of aseptic culture, explants were necrotic,
performance of the explants and growth of explant.
In vitro propagation is a crucial technique for disease free, rapid, uniform
and mass production of pineapple plantlets. Nevertheless, ultimate success of in
vitro produced plantlets depends upon the successful transfer and establishment of
plants in ex vitro conditions. High loss or damage of in vitro raised plants can
occurred when transferred to ex vitro conditions because of the transfer shock.
This is due to the exposure of plants to many new ex vitro situations such as low
humidity, high level of irradiation, water deficit because of the poor hy- draulic
conductivity of the roots and low root-stem con- nection. Therefore, plants under
in vitro condition need to be acclimatized by different options. The threats for
survival in ex vitro can be overcome by acclimatiz- ing the plants with gradual
lowering air humidity tem- perature, air flow and irradiation level (Mengesha et
al., 2013).
The results of this research showed treatment by soaking the explants with
a 0.008% mankozeb, 0.002% streptomycin sulphate for 1 hour followed by 1.05%
NaCIO, then peel the outside of explants and put on filter paper to dry, and then
planted, produced high aseptic culture (55.6%) and showed the highest growth
(22.2%), and giving of BAP and IAA significantly affect to appearance of shoots,
number of shoots, number of leaves except shoots hight.
Cytokinins comprise a separate class of growth substances and growth
regulators. They produce various effects when applied to intact plants. They
particularly stimulate protein synthesis and participate in cell cycle control. It is
perhaps for this reason that they can promote the maturation of chloroplasts and
delay the senescence of detached leaves. Cytokinin application to a single site in
the plant (e.g. to one leaf) causes the treated organ to become an active sink for
amino acids, which then migrate to the organ from surrounding sites. The effect of
cytokinins is most noticeable in tissue cultures where they are used, often together
with auxins, to stimulate cell division and control morphogenesis (Mohajer et al.,
2015).
Cytokinin can increase cell division, but for the elongation of cells
required addition auxin, auxin must be present. In this research, IAA had no effect
on shoot height. The possibility needed combination of a certain concentration
between BAP and IAA to induce and increase research shoot height of pineapple
from Sipahutar.
Advantages and Weaknees
To the advantages of this journal, on the whole journal is quite complete
and meet the standard of writing. However, there are some things that become
critical review among other things the author did not write clearly about the
specifications of materials used in parts of materials in research journals should
also be the tools used in the study included to more clearly.
 Daftar Pustaka

Amin, M.N., Rahman, M.M., Rahman, K.W., Ahmed, R., Hossain, M.S., and
Ahmed, M.B. 2005. Large Scale Plant Regeneration In Vitro from Leaf
Derived Callus Cultures of Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. cv. Giant
Kew]. International Journal of Botany. 1(2) : 128-132.

Dutta, J., Bhadra, J., Ghosh, P., Saha, B., and Datta, S. 2013. An Efficient and
Cost Effective Protocol for In Vitro Propagation of Pineapple. Journal of
Ornamental Plants. 3(4) : 229-234.
Edwin, R., Sankar, P., Sekar, T., and Munusamy, S. 2005. Botany, Higher
Secondary Second Year. College Road Chennai, Tamil Nadu Textbook
Coorporation.
Fernandez, G., and B.Pomilio, A. 2003. Optimized Growth Conditions and
Determination of The Catalytic Type of The Peptidase Complex from a Novel
Callus Culture of Pineapple (Ananas comosus). Molecular Medicinal
Chemistry. 1 : 39-49.
George, F.E., A.Hall, M., and Jan, G.D.K, 2008. Plant Propagation by Tissue
Culture 3rd Edition. The Netherlands, Springer.
Mengesha, A., Ayenew, B., Tadesse, T. 2013. Acclimatization of In Vitro
Propagated Pineapple [Ananas comosus (L.) var. Smooth cayenne]. Plantlets
to Ex Vitro Condition in Ethiopia. American Journal of Plant Sciences. 4 :
317-323.
Mohajer, S., Taha, R.M., and Adel, M. 2015. In Vitro Enviromental Factors
Controlling Root Morphological Traits of Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.
Merr). International Journal of Biological, Biomolecular, Agricultural, Food
and Biotechnological Engineering. 9(11).