Name __________________________________________________________ Aven - ______________

Sectionalism
Urbanization growth of cities; occurs in North; increase in factories/mills and immigrants

Secede to withdraw; in this case from the United States

Emancipation to set free from slavery

Republican Party formed in 1854 by opponents of slavery in the territories.

Missouri Compromise 1820

Peaceful resolution to slavery issue; maintained balance of power in Congress

(idea of Henry Clay)

1. Missouri enters Union as slave state - Maine enters Union as free state

2. Slavery banned north of 36 30

Nullification Crisis 1832

South Carolina declares a tariff null and void; threatens to secede
Jackson: that is treason; will use military to enforce federal laws if necessary

* States Rights: who has the power?

Compromise Tariff 1833

Tariffs would be lowered over ten years. (idea of Henry Clay)

Temporarily solved the nullification issue

Mexican War 1846-1848

Texas annexed in 1845 (James K. Polk)

Mexico disputes the border of Texas

U.S. wins the war

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

1. Rio Grande is the Southern border of Texas

 2. U.S. acquires the Mexican Cession. *(will slavery expand into the new
territories?)

Compromise of 1850

Support: Congressmen Henry _____________ and Daniel _________________

Oppose: Southerners afraid of losing power in ____________________________ branch

1. California enters the Union as a ________________ state

2. New territories will use _______________________ sovereignty to determine

slave or free

3. Slave trade is outlawed in _________________________________

4. _______________________ Slave Act

Fugitive Slave Act

Law: required the ___________________ of runaway __________________
_____________ African Americans could be sent South if someone claimed to be

their owner
Fugitives have no right to a trial by ______________ or to testify in their own

__________________
Federal officials were paid a bounty (money) for each fugitive
 Uncle Toms Cabin
Written by Harriet ________________________ __________________
Fictional _____________________ of the evils and ____________________ of slavery
Sold thousands of copies; increased support for ____________________________

Kansas-Nebraska Act

1. Created Kansas and Nebraska _____________________________

2. Repealed the 36 30 line from the ________________________ Compromise

3. Growing number of ______________________ will use popular sovereignty to

determine slave or free

Bleeding Kansas

Pro vs. ____________-slavery forces fight over Kansas for years (John Brown leads
Anti-slavery)

Settlers from both sides poured into Kansas to decide the slavery issue (popular
sovereignty)

Voter fraud in elections leads to bloodshed and _____________________________

Dred Scott Case

 Dred Scott: a ___________________ in Missouri, owned by an Army officer
Taken to Illinois and ___________________________ (both free)
Owner dies in 1846: Scott _______________, claiming he is free since he lived in 2 free
places
Court Decision
1. Slaves are not __________________, they are _________________ and cannot sue
anyone in court.
2. Congress has no power to limit the _____________________ of slavery. (huge win for
the South)

John Brown & Harpers Ferry

October 1859

John Brown: radical abolitionist; willing to kill and die for his cause

Leads followers to arsenal at Harpers Ferry - Plans to arm slaves and start a revolt

Local militia & marines (led by Robert E. Lee) kill or capture all of Browns men

Brought national attention to the division of the nation!

Lincoln Elected - 1860

______________________ is the primary issue of the 1860 election

New _______________________________ Party had formed in 1854

Lincoln promised he would NOT abolish slavery where it ______________________

existed

South did not believe Lincoln threatened to ______________________ if elected

South Carolina Secedes

South Carolina secedes a _________________ after the election of 1860

___________ more states will join South Carolina in the next few months

Population in 1860: North = ________ million, South = _________ million

 o 39% of South is slave

The Civil War

Blockade armed forces prevent the transportation of goods or people in and out of an
area

Anaconda Plan Union strategy to blockade the Confederacy during the war

Abraham Lincoln President of the Union during Civil War; Republican; elected in 1860;
raised in Illinois

Ulysses S. Grant commanding general of Union Army

Phillip Bazar from Chile; served in Navy during war; awarded Congressional Medal of
Honor

Clara Barton Nurse; later founded the American Red Cross

Jefferson Davis President of the Confederacy; imprisoned for 2 years after the war

Robert E. Lee Commander of Confederate Army; brilliant general and strategist

Stonewall Jackson Confederate general; earned nickname at the Battle of First Bull
Run.

Border States States that had slavery but did not secede (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland,
Delaware)

The Confederate State of America

States Rights

o States have the ______________ to cancel the Constitution if their survival is

threatened

o ________________ interpretation of the Constitution elastic _______________

does not apply

o Slavery is the primary cause of the war

 11 states secede: VA, NC, SC, GA, FL, AL, MS, AR, TX, TN, LA

Scorecard

South North

Goals

South North

Advantages

South North

Fort Sumter, South Carolina

April 12, 1861

First _________________ of the Civil War (like Lexington & Concord)

 Union fort ________________________ by Confederates until a surrender (no
casualties)

Lincoln calls for 75,000 men to join army

First Battle of Bull Run, Virginia

July 21, 1861

First ________________ battle surprising victory for the

_________________________
Thomas Jackson rallies the southerners and earns the nickname
_____________________
Both sides realize the war will not be won easily

Antietam, Maryland
September 1862

First battle on _____________________ soil; Union could have destroyed Lees

army

_______________________ one-day battle in history (23,000 casualties)

Lee forced to retreat back to ______________________

Gives Lincoln an opportunity to issue the ______________________________

Proclamation

Suspension of Habeas Corpus

Writ of Habeas Corpus: the arrest of someone must be justified before a

________________
Lincoln ______________________ the writs for Confederate prisoners
A federal ______________ ruled Lincoln could not do this ignored the judge
and did it anyway
 o Judge was Roger B. ______________ (Dred Scott decision)
Supreme Court later ruled Lincolns actions ________________________________

Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863
Lincoln: all slaves in states of ___________________ are free did not apply to
border states
No __________________________ effect South does not recognize Lincolns
authority
First official step to abolishing slavery war is now focused on
_____________________ for all
Encouraged African Americans to ________________ for the Union

New York Draft Riots

1863
Congress passed the Conscription Act to __________________ more men into
the Union army
Wealthy men could pay a ______________ to avoid being drafted
African Americans were ineligible because they were not considered
__________________
Poor working class (Irish) _______________________ with violence and
destruction

Battle of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

July 1-3, 1863

____________________ ______________ of the war!

Only time the Confederate army invaded the North

Lee ___________________; massive armies collide at Gettysburg and fight

for 3 days
 Lee forced to ______________________ after Picketts Charge

Casualties: Union _________________ Confederacy __________________

Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863

Delivered at the dedication of the Soldiers National _____________________

Themes

1. ______________________ and liberty (all men are created equal)

2. The Constitution and ________________________

o government of the people, by the people, and for the people

shall not perish

3. Strength of the nation war was being fought to secure

__________________ for all

Siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi

July 4, 1863

Confederate stronghold on the ______________________________ River

Grants army captures the city on July 4, after ___________________ of fighting

Outcomes

1. _________________ the Confederacy in two (Anaconda Plan)

2. Cut off ___________________ from other states and Europe

 3. Tide of war turns for the ________________ (Gettysburg was day earlier)

Shermans March to the Sea

1864
Grants plan to cripple the South and force a _________________________
Ordered General ______________________ T. Sherman to march across the
South (Georgia)
Destroy _________________, property, transportation Devastate economy and
supplies
Sometimes referred to as _______________ __________

Lincolns Second Inaugural Address

March 1865
We must not give up the fight
Slavery is wrong and will not continue
We must _____________ the nation, not punish the South (bind up the
nations wounds)

Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia

April 9, 1865
End of the Civil War!
___________________ falls on April 3 Lee surrenders to ________________ on
April 9
No _____________________, Confederates go home and remain
____________________
Began _______________________________ process

Lincolns Assassination
April 14, 1865
Shot by John Wilkes _________________ at Fords Theater in Washington D.C.
Andrew _____________________ (a southerner) becomes president
 Booth killed 12 days later while on the run