RESPOSTAS DOS EXERCCIOS

CAPTULO I

Seguem as sugestes de soluo dos exerccios da lista 1.6. Observamos que em alguns
exemplos existem mais de um caminho ou maneira para chegar soluo. Apresentamos
somente uma opo.

SEO 1.6 p. 10
1. Determinar todos os intervalos de nmeros que satisfazem as desigualdades abaixo.
Fazer a representao grfica.

a) 3 x < 5 + 3 x

x 3x < 5 3
4x < 2
4x > 2
x >2 4
x > 1 2

(1 / 2 , + )

1 3 1 x
b) 2 x 5 < + x+
3 4 3
3 1 x 1
2x x < +5
4 3 3
24 x 9 x 4(1 x ) 1 + 15
<
12 3
24 x 9 x 4 + 4 x 16
<
12 3
1 9 x 4 16
<
12 3
 3

1 9 x 16 4
< +
12 3 12
1 9 x 17
<
12 3
57 x < 204
204
x<
57
68
x<
19

( , 68 / 19)

c) 2 > 3 3 x 7

2 + 3 > 3x 7 + 3
5 > 3 x 4
5 4
<x
3 3

(5 / 3 , 4 / 3]

5 3
d) <
x 4

1 caso: x > 0 20 < 3x x > 20 3

Soluo 1 caso: (0, + ) (20 3 , + ) = (20 3 , + )

2 caso: x < 0 20 > 3x x < 20 3

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Soluo 2 caso: ( , 0 ) ( , 20 3) = ( , 0)
Soluo final: ( , 0 ) (20 3 , + ) ou x [0, 20 3]

e) x 2 9
x2 9 0
(x 3)(x + 3) 0

1 caso:
x 30 x +30
e
x3 x 3

Soluo 1 caso: ( , 3] [3 + ) = o/

2 caso:
x 30 x +30
e
x3 x 3
Soluo 2 caso: ( , 3] [ 3 + ) = [ 3, 3]

Soluo final: [ 3, 3]

f) x 2 3 x + 2 > 0

(x 1) (x 2) > 0
x [1, 2]
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g) 1 x 2 x 2 0

2x 2 + x 1 0
(x + 1) (2 x 1) 0
x [ 1, 1 2]

x +1 x
h) <
2 x 3+ x

1 caso:

2x>0 3+ x>0
e
x<2 x > 3

( , 2) ( 3, + ) = ( 3, 2)
(x + 1) (3 + x ) < x (2 x )
3x + x 2 + 3 + x < 2 x x 2
2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 < 0 no existe x que satisfaz

2 caso:

2x>0 3+ x<0
e
x<2 x < 3

( , 2) ( , 3) = ( , 3)
(x + 1) (3 + x ) > x (2 x )
2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 > 0 x IR
 6

Soluo 2 caso: ( , + ) ( , 3) = ( , 3)

3 caso:

2x<0 3+ x>0
e
x>2 x > 3

( 3, + ) (2, + ) = (2, + )

2 x 2 + 2 x + 3 > 0 x IR

( , + ) (2, + ) = (2, + )
4 caso:
2x<0 3+ x<0
e
x>2 x < 3
(2, + ) ( ,3) = 0/
Soluo final: 0/ ( , 3) (2, + ) 0/ x [ 3, 2]

i) x 3 + 1 > x 2 + x

x3 x2 x + 1 > 0
(x 1)2 (x + 1) > 0
Portanto,
x +1> 0 ou x > 1.

( )
j) x 2 1 ( x + 4 ) 0

(x 1) (x + 1) (x + 4) 0
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1 caso:
x 1 0 x +1 0 x+40
, e
x 1 x 1 x 4

Soluo: (, 4]

2 caso:
x 1 0 x +1 0 x+40
, e
x 1 x 1 x 4
Soluo: 0/

3 caso:
x 1 0 x +1 0 x+40
, e
x 1 x 1 x4

Soluo: [ 1, 1]

4 caso:
x 1 0 x +1 0 x+40
, e
x 1 x 1 x 4
Soluo: 0/

Soluo final: ( , 4] 0/ [ 1, 1] 0/ = ( , 4] [ 1, 1]

2 x+2
k) 1
x 2 x 2

1 caso: x 2 > 0 x>2

2 x + 2 (x 2)
22 x x 22
0 x x4
0/

2 caso: x 2 < 0 x<2

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2x+2x2
0 x x4 x0

Soluo: ( , 0] ( , 2) = (,0]

l) x 4 x 2

x4 x2 0
x 2 ( x 1) ( x + 1) 0

1 caso:

x 1 0 x +1 0
e
x 1 x 1

Soluo 1 caso: [1, + )

2 caso:
x 1 0 x +1 0
e
x 1 x 1

Soluo: ( , 1]

Soluo final: ( , 1] {0} [1, + )

x
m) <4
x3

1 caso: x 3 > 0 x>3

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x < 4 ( x 3)
x < 4 x 12
x 4 x < 12
3 x < 12
3 x < 12
x<4

Soluo 1 caso: (4, + )

2 caso: x 3 < 0 x < 3

x > 4 ( x 3)
x > 4 x 12
x 4 x > 12
3 x > 12
3 x > 12
x>4

Soluo 2 caso: ( , 3)

Soluo final: ( , 3) (4, + )

x [3, 4]

1 2x 3
n) >1
4+x

1 caso: 4 + x > 0 x >4

1
x3>4+x
2
1
x x > 4 +3
2
1
x>7
2
x < 14
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Soluo 1 caso: 0/

2 caso: 4 + x < 0 x < 4

1
x 3< 4+ x
2
1
x x < 4 +3
2
1
x > 7
2
x > 14

Soluo 2 caso: ( 14, 4)

Soluo final: ( 14, 4)

3
o) 2
x 5

1 caso: x 5 > 0 x > 5

3 2 ( x 5)
3 2 x 10
2 x 13
2 x 13
x 13 2

Soluo 1 caso: [13 2 , + ]

2 caso: x 5 < 0 x < 5

3 2 ( x 5)
x 13 2
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Soluo 2 caso: ( , 5)

Soluo final: ( , 5) [13 2 , + )

x [5 , 13 2)

p) x 3 x 2 x 2 > 0

(x 2) (x 2 )
+ x +1 > 0
x2>0 x>2

q) x 3 3 x + 2 0

(x 2
)
2 x + 1 (x + 2) 0
(x 1)2 (x + 2) 0
x + 2 0 x 2
Soluo Final: ( , 2] {1}

1 3
r)
x +1 x 2

1 caso:

x +1> 0 x2>0
e ou (2, + )
x > 1 x>2
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x 2 3 ( x + 1)
x 2 3x + 3
x 3x 3 + 2
2x 5
x 5 2

Soluo 1 caso: 0/

2 caso:

x +1< 0 x2<0
e ou ( , 1)
x < 1 x<2
x 2 3( x + 1)
x 5 2

Soluo 2 caso: (, 5 2]

3 caso:

x +1> 0 x2<0
e ou ( 1, 2 )
x > 1 x<2

x 2 3( x + 1)
x 5 2

Soluo 3 caso: ( 1, 2 )

caso:

x +1< 0 x2>0
e ou 0/
x < 1 x>2

Soluo final: ( , 5 2] ( 1, 2)
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s) 8 x 3 4 x 2 2 x + 1 < 0

(2 x 1)2 (2 x + 1) < 0
2x + 1 < 0
2x < 1
x < 1 2

t)

12 x 3 20 x 2 11x + 2
12 x 3 20 x 2 + 11x 2 0

(2 x 1)2 (3x 2) 0
3x 2 0
3x 2
x2 3

Soluo Final: [2 / 3,+) {1 / 2}

2. Resolva as equaes em IR

a) 5 x 3 = 12

5 x 3 = 12 ou 5 x 3 = 12
5 x = 12 + 3 5 x = 12 + 3
5 x = 15 5x = 9
x = 15 5 x = 9 5
x=3
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Soluo: { 9 5 , 3}

b) 4 + 12 x = 7

4 + 12 x = 7 ou 4 + 12 x = 7
12 x = 7 + 4 12 x = 7 + 4
12 x = 11 12 x = 3
x = 11 12 x = 3 12
x =1 4
Soluo: { 1 4 , 11 12}

c) 2 x 3 = 7 x 5

2x 3 = 7 x 5 ou (2 x 3) = 7 x 5
2x 7 x = 5 + 3 2x + 3 = 7 x 5
5x = 2 2x 7 x = 5 3
5x = 2 9x = 8
x=2 5 x =8 9

Soluo: {2 5 , 8 9}

x+2
d) =5
x2

x+2 x+2
= 5 ,x 2 ou = 5, x 2
x2 x2
x + 2 = 5 (x 2) x + 2 = 5 (x 2)
x + 2 = 5 x 10 x + 2 = 5 x + 10
x 5 x = 10 2 x + 5 x = 10 2
4 x = 12 6x = 8
x = 12 4 x =8 6
x=3 x=4 3
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Soluo: {4 3 , 3}

3x + 8
e) =4
2x 3

3x + 8 3x + 8
=4 x 3/ 2 ou =4 x 3/ 2
2x 3 2x 3
3 x + 8 = 4 (2 x 3) 3 x + 8 = 4 (2 x 3)
3 x + 8 = 8 x 12 3 x + 8 = 8 x + 12
3 x 8 x = 12 8 3 x + 8 x = 12 8
5 x = 20 11x = 4
x = 20 5 x = 4 11
x=4

Soluo: {4 11, 4}

f) 3x + 2 = 5 x

3x + 2 = 5 x ou 3 x + 2 = (5 x )
3x + x = 5 2 3x + 2 = 5 + x
4x = 3 3x x = 5 2
x=3 4 2x = 7
x = 7 2
Soluo: { 7 2, 3 4}

g) 9 x 11 = x
 16

x>0 x<0
9 x 11 = x ou 9 x 11 = x
9 x x = 11 9 x x = 11
8 x = 11 10 x = 11
x = 11 8 x = 11 10

Soluo: { 11 10, 11 8}

h) 2 x 7 = x + 1

x>0 ou x < 0
2x 7 = x + 1 2x 7 = x + 1
2x x = 1 + 7 2x + x = 1 + 7
x =8 3x = 8
x = 8 / 3 no satisfaz a condio de x < 0

Soluo: {8}

3. Resolva as inequaes em IR

a) x + 12 < 7

7 < x + 12 < 7
7 12 < x < 7 12
19 < x < 5

x ( 19, 5)

b) 3x 4 2
 17

2 3x 4 2
2 + 4 3x 2 + 4
2 3x 6
2
x2
3

x [2 3 , 2]

c) 5 6 x 9

5 6x 9 ou 5 6x 9
6x 9 5
6x 9 5
6 x 14
6x 4
6 x 14
x4 6
x 14 6
x2 3
x7 3

x ( , 2 3] ou x [7 3, + ) ou, de forma equivalente, x ( 2 3 , 7 3)

d) 2 x 5 > 3

2x 5 > 3 ou 2x 5 < 3
2x > 3 + 5 2x < 3 + 5
2x > 8 2x < 2
x>4 x <1

Soluo: x ( , 1) (4 ,+ ) ou x [1, 4]

e) 6 + 2 x < 4 x
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2 2
6 + 2x < 4 x
36 + 24 x + 4 x 2 < 16 8 x + x 2
3 x 2 + 32 x + 20 < 0
(3 x + 2) (x + 10) < 0
3 ( x + 2 3) ( x + 10 ) < 0

x ( 10, 2 3)

f) x + 4 2 x 6

x 2 + 8 x + 16 4 x 2 24 x + 36
3 x 2 + 32 x 20 0
3 x 2 32 x + 20 0
(x 10) (3x 2) 0
3( x 10)( x 2 / 3) 0

Soluo: ( , 2 3] [10, + ] ou x (2 3 , 10)

g) 3x > 5 2 x

9 x 2 > 25 20 x + 4 x 2
5 x 2 + 20 x 25 > 0
(x 1) (x + 5) > 0
x [ 5, 1]

7 2x 1
h)
5 + 3x 2
 19

7 2x 1

5 + 3x 2
2 7 2 x 5 + 3x
( )
4 49 28 x + 4 x 2 25 + 30 x + 9 x 2
196 112 x + 16 x 2 25 + 30 x + 9 x 2
7 x 2 142 x + 171 0
(x 19 ) (7 x 9 ) 0
7( x 19)( x 9 / 7) 0
Soluo: x [9 7, 19]

i) x 1 + x + 2 4

x 1 0 x + 2 0
1 caso: e isto x 1
x 1 x 2

x 1+ x + 2 4
2x + 1 4
2x 3
x3 2

x 1< 0 x + 2 < 0
2 caso: e isto x < 2
x <1 x < 2

x +1 x 2 4
2x 1 4
2x 5
x 5 2

3 caso: 2 x < 1
x +1+ x + 2 4
3 4
Soluo : 0/

Resultado Final: [3 2 , + ) ( , 5 2] ou x ( 5 2 , 3 2 )
 20

j) 1 < x + 2 < 4

1 caso: x + 2 0 x 2

1< x + 2 < 4
1 < x < 2

x ( 1, 2)

2 caso: x + 2 < 0 x < 2

1 < x 2 < 4
3< x<6

6 < x < 3

x ( 6, 3)

Soluo final: ( 6, 3) ( 1, 2 )

2+ x
k) >4
3 x

2+ x
>4 ,x3
3 x
2 + x > 43 x
(
4 + 4 x + x 2 > 16 9 6 x + x 2 )
4 + 4 x + x 2 > 144 96 x + 16 x 2
15 x 2 + 100 x 140 > 0
(x 2)(3x 14) < 0
3( x 2)( x 14 / 3) < 0
Soluo: x (2, 14 3) {3}

5 1
l)
2x 1 x 2
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5 1

| 2x 1 | | x 2 |
5 x 2 2x 1
( )
25 x 2 4 x + 4 4 x 2 4 x + 1
25 x 100 x + 100 4 x 2 4 x + 1
2

21x 2 96 x + 99 0
(x 3)(7 x 11) 0
1
x (11 7 , 3) e x
2

m) x + 1 < x

1 caso: x 0

x +1< x
x x < 1
0 < 1
Soluo: 0/

2 caso: x < 0

x +1< x
x x < 1
2x < 1
2x > 1
x > 1/ 2
Soluo: 0/

Soluo Final: 0/

n) 3 x 1 + x < 1

1 caso:
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x 1 0 e x0 ou seja x > 1
x 1
3( x 1) + x < 1
3x 3 + x < 1
4x < 1 + 3
4x < 4
x <1

Soluo: 0/

2 caso:

x 1< 0 e x<0
x <1

3( x + 1) + ( x ) < 1
3x + 3 x < 1
4x < 2
4x > 2
1
x>
2

Soluo: 0/

3 caso:

x 1 0 e x<0
x 1

Soluo: 0/

4 caso:

x 1< 0 e x0
x <1
 23

3( x + 1) + x < 1
3x + 3 + x < 1
2x < 2
2x > 2
x >1

Soluo : 0/
Soluo Final: 0/

o) 2 x 2 + 3 x + 3 3

1 caso:
2 x 2 + 3x + 3 0
x IR

2 caso:
2 x 2 + 3x + 3 < 0
0/

2 x 2 + 3x + 3 3
2 x 2 + 3x 0
x(2 x + 3) 0

Soluo Final: x [ 3 2, 0]

p) x 1 + x 3 < 4 x

1 caso: x 3
x 1 + x 3 < 4x
2x 4x 4 < 0
2x < 4
2x > 4
x >2

Soluo: x 3 ou x [3,+)
 24

2 caso: 1 x < 3
x + 1 x 3 < 4x
2 < 4x
x > 1/ 2

Soluo: 1 x < 3 ou x [1, 3)

3 caso: 0 x < 1
x + 1 x + 3 < 4x
2x + 4 < 4x
4 < 6x
x > 2/3

2
Soluo: x ,1
3

4 caso: x < 0
x + 1 x + 3 < 4 x
2 x + 4 x < 4
2 x < 4
x < 2

Soluo: x (,2)
[1, 3)
Soluo Final: ( , 2 ) (2 3 , + )

1 1
q)
x +1 x 3 5

5 x +1 x 3

1 caso: x > 3

x +1> 0 x 3>0
e
x > 1 x>3
 25

5 ( x +1) ( x 3)
5 x 2 3x + x 3
x 2 2x 8 0
(x 4 ) (x + 2) 0
x [ 2, 4]

Soluo: x (3, 4]

2 caso: x ( 1, 3)

5 ( x +1) ( x + 3)
5 x 2 + 3x x + 3
x 2 2x + 2 0
x IR
Soluo: x ( 1, 3)

3 caso: x < 1
5 ( x 1) ( x + 3)
5 x 2 3x + x 3
x 2 2x 8 0
x [ 2, 4]
Soluo: x [2, 1)

Soluo Final: [ 2, 4] { 1, 3}

x 1 2
r) <1
x +1 2

x 1 2 < x +1 2 , x 1 / 2
1 1
x2 x + < x2 + 1 x +
4 4
2x < 0
2x > 0
x>0
Soluo Final: (0,+)
 26

3 2x
s) 4
1+ x

3 2 x 41 + x , x 1
(
9 12 x + 4 x 2 16 1 + 2 x + x 2 )
9 12 x + 4 x 16 + 32 x + 16 x 2
2

12 x 2 44 x 7 0
12 x 2 + 44 x + 7 0
(6 x + 1)(2 x + 7 ) 0
Soluo: x ( 7 2 , 1 6 )

4. Demonstre:

a) Se a 0 e b 0 , ento a 2 = b 2 se e somente se a = b .

(i) a = b a 2 = b 2 ( obvia)
(ii) a 2 = b 2 a=b

Se a 2 = b 2 , a2 = b2 a =b
Como a 0 a = a
Como b 0 b = b
Logo a = b .

1
b) Se x < y ,ento x < (x + y ) < y
2

x< y x< y

x+x< y+x x+ y < y+ y

2x < x + y x + y < 2y
1 1
x< (x + y ) (x + y ) < y
2 2
1
Logo, x < ( x + y ) < y
2
 27

c) x > a se e somente se x > a ou x < a , onde a > 0

(i) | x |> a , a > 0 x > a ou x < a

Se x > 0 , | x |= x e, portanto, x > a.
Se x < 0 , | x |= x . Temos, ento: x > a e dessa forma x < a .

(ii) x > a ou x < a , a > 0 | x |> a

x > a , a > 0 x > 0. Ento | x |> a.
x < a , a > 0 x < 0. Portanto, | x |= x > a , pois x < a.

a+b
d) Se 0 < a < b , ento ab <
2

0<a<b 0< a < b

( b a )
2
>0
b 2 ab + a > 0
a + b > 2 ab
a+b
ou ab <
2