Ormoc Usaid Lccap - Full Draft Edited Version3

ORMOC CITY
LOCAL CLIMATE
CHANGE ACTION PLAN
(LCCAP)
[20162025]
Formulated thru technical assistance from Us AID-Be Secure Project

THE TEN-YEAR
ORMOC LOCAL CLIMATE
CHANGE
ACTION PLAN (LCCAP)
2016 - 2025
Prepared by:
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan Technical Working Group

Technical Assistance from Us AID Be Secure Project
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan i

TABLE OF CONTENTS
I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.. vii
II BACKGROUND... I
1. RATIONALE... I
1.2 LGU ECOLOGICAL PROFILE... I
1.3 PLANNING CONTEXT.... 9
1.4 PLANNING APPROACH.. 12
2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT..... 14
2.1 CLIMATE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS.... 14

2.2 COMMUNITY VALIDATION.. 22
2.3 CLIMATE HAZARDS AND CITY EXPOSURE..... 23
2.4 RELATED STUDY ON CITY VULNERABILITY... 27
2.5 PROFILE OF CLIMATE CHANGE HOTSPOT.... 31
2.6 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT BY SECTOR. 35
2.6.1 AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES... 35
2.6.2 WATER.. 40
2.6.3 ENVIRONMENT.... 44
2.6.4 HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES....... 51
2.6.5 HOUSING...... 56
2.6.6 BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY...... 59
2.6.7 INFRASTRUCTURE.. 62
3. PLAN OBJECTIVE. .. 67
3.1 FOOD SECURITY.... 67
3.2 WATER SUFFICIENCY.... 67
3.3 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. 68
3.4 HUMAN SECURITY..... 68
3.5 CLIMATE SMART INDUSTRIES & SERVICES. 69
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan ii

4. ADAPTATION ACTIONS. 71
4.1 ACTIONS ACCORDING TO NATIONAL PRIORITY 71
4.1.1 FOOD SECURITY (AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES)...... 71
4.1.2 WATER SUFFICIENCY 72
4.1.3 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.. 73
4.1.4 HUMAN SECURITY. 74
4.1.5 CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES & SERVICES. 75
4.1.6 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY.. 76
4.17 KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT... 76
4.2 INTEGRATED, AREA-BASED APPROACH FOR CLIMATE HOTSPOTS. 77
5. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION.. 78
5.1 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR IMPLEMENTATION. 78
5.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 78
6. REFERENCES.... 82
7. ANNEXES :
- WORKSHOP A RESULTS
- WORKSHOP B RESULTS
- WORKSHOP C RESULTS
EXECUTIVE ORDER CREATING THE LCCAP TWG
PICTURES
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan iii

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE 1 GENERAL LAND USE PLAN 1999 - 2014 ............................................................................................... 6
TABLE 2 PROJECTED INCREASE IN MEAN TEMPERATURE FOR LEYTE ................................................... 16
TABLE 3 PROJECTED INCREASE IN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR LEYTE .......................................... 16
TABLE 4 PROJECTED INCREASE IN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR LEYTE ............................................ 16
TABLE 5 PROJECTED CHANGES IN RAINFALL FOR LEYTE .......................................................................... 19
TABLE 6 BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOOD ............................................................................................. 24
TABLE 7 BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY HEAVY RAINFALL ..................... 25
TABLE 8 BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO STORM SURGES (YOLANDA SCENARIO) ........................... 26
TABLE 9. CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND ELEMENTS EXPOSED -

AGRICULTURE ............................................................................................................................................................... 35
TABLE 10 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS, AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - WATER ... 40
TABLE 11 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS -

ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................................. 44
TABLE 12 INVENTORY OF CORAL REEFS IN ORMOC CITY, 2012............................................................. 45
TABLE 13 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - HEALTH .. 51
TABLE 14 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - HOUSING56
TABLE 15 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS BUSINESS
AND INDUSTRY ............................................................................................................................................................ 59
TABLE 16 EXISTING LOCAL HERITAGE SITES .................................................................................................... 60
TABLE 17 INVENTORY OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN ORMOC CITY, 2015 ...................................... 60
TABLE 18 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - INFRASTRUCTURE............. 62
TABLE 19 ROADS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS ..................................................................................................... 63
TABLE 20 SCHOOLS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS ............................................................................................... 64
TABLE 21 SCHOOLS IN LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS ....................................................................................... 64
TABLE 22 PROPOSED MONITORING AND EVALUATION MATRIX ......................................................... 79
TABLE 23 EXAMPLES OF PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND INDICATORS ................................................ 80
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan iv

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE 1 LOCATION MAP OF ORMOC CITY ..................................................................................................... 2
FIGURE 2 MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES OF ORMOC CITY .................................................................................. 4
FIGURE 3 ORMOC POPULATION DISTRIBUTION MAP ................................................................................... 5
FIGURE 4 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 12
FIGURE 5 OBSERVED MEAN TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES (1951-2010)

DEPARTURES FROM 1971-2000 NORMAL VALUES........................................................................................... 15
FIGURE 6 OBSERVED MEAN ANNUAL MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE

PHILIPPINES. PERIOD: 1951-2010 (DEPARTURES FROM 1971-2000 NORMAL VALUES) ...................... 15
FIGURE 7 OBSERVED MEAN ANNUAL MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

PERIOD: 1951-2010 (DEPARTURES FROM 1971-2000 NORMAL VALUES) ................................................ 15
FIGURE 8 MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN LEYTE ................................................................................... 17
FIGURE 9 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN ........ 17
FIGURE 10 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR MEAN DAILY

TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN ................................................................................................................................ 17
FIGURE 11 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN BY

DECADE ............................................................................................................................................................................ 18
FIGURE 12 TRENDS IN THE EXTREME RAINFALL INTENSITY PHILIPPINES (1951-2008) .................... 18
FIGURE 13 TRENDS IN THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREME DAILY RAINFALL IN THE PHILIPPINES

(1951-2008) ....................................................................................................................................................................... 18
FIGURE 14 BASELINE AND PROJECTED ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION IN TACLOBAN .......... 19
FIGURE 15 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN TACLOBAN ................................................................................ 20
FIGURE 16 FREQUENCY OF PRECIPITATION OCCURENCES IN TACLOBAN ...................................... 20
FIGURE 17 ANNUAL FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ................................................................... 21
FIGURE 18 NUMBER OF EXTREME TYPHOON (150 KPH AND ABOVE) PERIOD: 1971-2013 ........... 21
FIGURE 19 SEA LEVEL TRENDS (MM/YR) .............................................................................................................. 22
FIGURE 20 BARANGAY LAO ..................................................................................................................................... 22
FIGURE 21 BARANGAY DANAO ............................................................................................................................. 22
FIGURE 22 FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP (WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICES) .......................................... 24
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan v

FIGURE 23 RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP (WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICES) 25
FIGURE 24 STORM SURGE HAZARD MAP (BASED ON TYPHOON YOLANDA) .................................. 26
FIGURE 25 STORM SURGE HAZARD MAP (STORM SURGE HEIGHT OF 4.5M) ...................................... 27
FIGURE 26 EXPOSURE MAP BASED ON LANDSLIDE, STORM SURGE, FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY,

AND PROPORTION OF HH LIVING IN MAKESHIFT HOUSES...................................................................... 28
FIGURE 27 SENSITIVITY MAP BASED ON PROPORTION OF UNEMPLOYED, POPULATION

DENSITY, PROPORTION OF ELDERS, CHILDREN, PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES, AND INFORMAL
SETTLER HOUSEHOLDS. ............................................................................................................................................ 29
FIGURE 28 LACK OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY MAP BASED ON POVERTY INCIDENCE ........................ 30
FIGURE 29 SOCIAL VULNERABILITY MAP FOR ORMOC ............................................................................... 31
FIGURE 30 PHOTOS OF SITIO QUINTOLIMBO, BARANGAY NAUNGAN IN ORMOC CITY .......... 32
FIGURE 31 LIVELIHOOD IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO .......................................................................................... 33
FIGURE 32 CHILDREN ATTENDING SCHOOL IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO ............................................... 33
FIGURE 33 WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO ..................................................................... 34
FIGURE 34 TOILETS IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO ................................................................................................... 34
FIGURE 35 AHAG WATER TREATMENT FACILITY ........................................................................................... 41
FIGURE 36 WATER FACILITIES MAP OVERLAYED WITH FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY ............................. 42
FIGURE 37 WATER NETWORK MAP OVERLAYED WITH FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY ........................... 42
FIGURE 39 SLOPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORMOC AREA WATERSHED ............................................... 48
FIGURE 40 SHOWING THE LAND CLASSIFICATION STATUS AND LAND COVER MAP UNDER
PAGSANGAAN WATERSHED ................................................................................................................................... 49
TABLE 41 DENGUE SITUATIONER IN ORMOC CITY 2016 .......................................................................... 53
FIGURE 42 DENGUE CASES BY MORBIDITY WEEK (N=466) PAST 5 YEARS VS 2015, ORMOC CITY
AS OF NOV.11, 2016 ................................................................................................................................................... 53
FIGURE 43 HEALTH CENTERS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS............................................................................. 54
Figure 44 HOSPITALS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS............................................................................................... 54
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan vi

Executive Summary
The Ormoc City Local Climate Change Action Plan (2016 2025) is a ten year action
plan that outlines the citys specific program and strategies for adaptation and mitigation to
climate change. It provides key action that enhances the adaptive capacity and resilience of
communities and natural ecosystems to climate change, adopts the total economic valuation of
natural resources while ensuring biodiversity conservation, and recognizes the competitive
advantage of putting value on the direct use, indirect use, option to use and non-use of
environment and natural resources, as a short to long-term sustainable development goals.
The plan is anchored on the National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) for 2011-
2028 which adopts the countrys long-term climate change adaptation and mitigation agenda with
its seven strategic priorities namely, food security, water sufficiency, ecosystem and
environmental stability, human security, climate smart industries and services, sustainable energy
and knowledge and capacity development. Based on the comprehensive guidelines of NCCAP,
the plan addresses the challenges of climate change thru prioritization of public financing for
adaptation to reduce vulnerability and risks of communities particularly the marginalized poor.
At the same time, this plan will provide a policy environment that will encourage the
participation of the private sector to optimize mitigation opportunities towards sustainable
development.
The formulation of the city LCCAP was jumpstarted with the issuance of Executive
Order No. 42, Series of 2016 An Order Creating an LCCAP Core Team and a Technical
Working Group (TWG) for the Formulation of the City Local Climate Change Action Plan. The
Team facilitated the conduct of the whole process of the plan formulation, from data gathering,
participatory vulnerability and adaptation assessment, analysis and validation.
Many of the actions identified in the Ormoc LCCAP are in addition to, or an
enhancement of existing plans and programs of the city. Programs and projects which have been
identified in other plans (such as the Ormoc Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan, formulated after
Typhoon Yolanda, or the draft Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan) are not included,
unless these are to be enhanced with climate change considerations. The identified actions in
the LCCAP may later be incorporated into the city development plans such as the CLUP and
Comprehensive Development Plan, or the Local Development Investment Plan and Annual
Investment Plan as these are updated focusing on the climate change impacts on the various sectors
and how these can be addressed.
Furthermore, able assistance from the US Agency for International Development (US-
AID) under the Be Secure Project provides the citys LCCAP Team the technical expertise and
guidance up to the completion of the project. However, due to the short time frame allotted for
the plan formulation, the Ormoc LCCAP is not meant to be exhaustive or comprehensive. Rather it is
meant to serve as an initial plan which should be updated or revised as more localized climate change
projections are made available and more in-depth studies are done on climate change impacts per sector.
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan vii

1 BACKGROUND
1.1. RATIONALE
Recent experiences on the worldwide impact on weather related disasters highlighted the
need to address the causal factors of this phenomenon. The Philippines being a vulnerable country to
changing climatic condition has not been spared from the shifts in extreme weather that have brought
death, damage and desolation of catastrophic proportion. In response, the Philippine Government
passed Republic Act 9729, also known as the Climate Change Act of 2009, anchored on the
constitutional provision which states that it is the policy of the State to afford full protection and the
advancement of the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecologyto fulfill human needs
while maintaining the quality of the natural environment for current and future generations. It aims to
mainstream climate change into policy formulation, development planning and poverty reduction
programs.
Republic Act 9729 was further strengthened in 2010 by the formulation of the Philippine
Disaster Risk Reduction Act of 2010 (RA No. 10121), which acknowledges the policy of the State on the
need for building capacity of LGUs to institutionalize arrangements and measures for reducing disaster
risks, including projected climate risks, and enhancing disaster preparedness. Section 11 of RA 10121
directly states that LGUs shall ensure the integration of DRR and CCA into local development plans,
programs and budgets as strategy in sustainable development and poverty reduction.
The Climate Change Act of 2009, provides among others the following :
Establishment of a Climate Change Commission, an independent and autonomous body that has
the same status as that of a national government agency. The CCC is under the Office of the
President and is the sole policy-making body of the government which shall be tasked to
coordinate, monitor and evaluate the programs and action plans of the government relating to
climate change pursuant to the provisions of this Act.
The Commission shall be composed of the President of the Republic of the Philippines who shall
serve as the Chairman, and three (3) Commissioners to be appointed by the President, one of
whom shall serve as the Vice Chairperson of the Commission.
The LGUs as the frontline agencies in the formulation, planning and implementation of climate
change action plans in their respective areas, shall formulate their Local Climate Change Action
Plan, consistent with the provisions of the Local Government Code, the Framework, and the
National Climate Change Action Plan.
Inter-local government unit collaboration shall be maximized in the conduct of climate-related
activities.
Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan 1

1.2 ORMOC CITY ECOLOGICAL PROFILE :
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The city of Ormoc is a first class and independent component city from the Province of Leyte,
Region VIII. The first non-provincial capital chartered city in the Philippines. It is located in Eastern
Visaya under Region VIII.. It is about 300 nautical miles from Manila, 62 nautical miles from Cebu, and
240 nautical miles from Davao (Figure 1). It is located in the north-western part of Leyte, 68 miles from
Tacloban City, and 80 miles from Maasin City. It is bounded by the municipalities of Kananga in the
north, Matag-ob, Palompon and Merida in the west, Jaro, Dagami and Burauen in the East, and Ormoc
Bay and Albuera in the South. It is a coastal city facing Ormoc Bay on its southwest part.. (Figure 1).
Figure 1. LOCATION MAP OF ORMOC CITY
The citys name is derived from ogmok an old Visayan term which means a depressed bowl. It
has a population of 219,891 (with 43,978 households) (NSO 2016) spread across 46,430 hectares. It has
110 barangays, 31 of which are classified as urban barangays, 10 as urban coastal barangays, 63 as rural
barangays and 6 as rural coastal barangays. It is primarily an agriculture based economy.
The citys recent history is replete with triumph and tragedies that showcased the
resiliency of the Ormokanons (as the natives of the place are called) to rise from dire
predicaments.

In 1947, exactly three years from the liberation of the Philippines after the American Forces
landed in Palo, Leyte, Ormoc was declared a Chartered City by virtue of Republic Act No. 179, on
October 20 of that year.
In the 1950s, Ormoc slowly

transformed from a small town of dirt roads
with few asphalt streets into an expanding
jungle of concrete and infrastructures with
sugarcane, rice and coconut agriculture as
its core economic driver.
Ormoc is like typical old settlements

where early settlers prefer to build
settlements near sources of water and
forest for food and livelihood needs, the old
Ormoc settlements thrive because of the
presence of these conditions. But as
more settlers live in its fertile lowlands
they slowly encroached the nearby
upland areas and began clearing the
watershed forest cover to cultivate cash
crops like sugarcane and coconuts.
Figure 1.3: Ormoc Map
Source: City GIS Section
It was just a matter of time before Mother Nature collected its due. On the fateful day of
November 5, 1991, after days of heavy rainfall brought about by the Tropical Depression Uring (Intl.
Name Thelma), an artificial damming upstream of excess rainwater was impounded, enough water to
make the two rivers (Anilao and Malbasag) which traverses the city proper to overflow. It resulted to a
raging flashflood submerging the city proper, with flood heights reaching 3 meters in some areas, just
before noon of that day. In less than three hours, the flashflood aftermath littered the city streets and
coastal shoreline with about five thousand dead city residents and covered the area with about a foot of
mud and flood debris. About three thousand more were later declared missing thus making it one of the
worst disasters in the Philippines in term of human casualties (Ormoc Flashflood, JICA Rapid Assessment
Report, 1995). This prompted the Japanese government through the Japan International Cooperation
Agency (JICA) to give the city a one billion peso grant-in-aid for the construction of a flood mitigation
dike along the banks of the Anilao and Malbasag rivers to prevent recurrence of the incident.
In a few years time, the city fully recovered from the infrastructure damage of that tragedy and
even became a national finalist for five consecutive years for the cleanest and greenest city contest of
the Philippines. It was also a recipient of Business Friendly City Award given by the Visayas Chamber of
Commerce.
Then on November 8, 2013, the city lies in the direct path of Super Typhoon Yolanda (Intl.
name HAIYAN), the strongest typhoon on record to make landfall, causing massive wind induced
damage to the city infrastructures and agriculture. According to Shelter Cluster data, the city had 26,549
partially damage and 14,132 totally damaged houses, accounting for 3% of the national total of damaged
houses due to Haiyan. Damage to agriculture alone, one of the city core economic driver was pegged at
about P500 million (Ormoc City Recovery and Rehabilitation Report, 2004).

Figure 2MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES OF ORMOC CITY
GEOGRAPHICAL AND NATURAL FEATURES

The city center sits on a valley bounded on the east by the Amandiwin mountain range and on the west
by sloping forest lands. The eastern portion is part of Mt. Mindiwin; and is generally hilly and
mountainous, reaching a peak of 1,000 meters above sea level. On the other hand, the western and
southwestern portions are nearly level to undulating lands that forms the Ormoc Valley. The valleys and
plains along the north-western area forms part of the Pagsangaan Watershed and is the most
agriculturally productive part of the city.
Areas beyond the city center are large highly-restricted agricultural lands that are irrigated and covered
by the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP).
A key biodiversity area (KBA) located within the Eastern Visayas Biodiversity Corridor covers part of
Ormoc City. This is the Anonang-Lobi Mountain Range, which has an estimated area of 58,052 hectares
that runs north to south of Western Leyte.
Natural features such as the Lake Danao Natural Park, numerous rivers and streams and vast mangrove
sites offer eco-tourism development potentials. Major river systems include Bao River in the north,
Pagsangahan in the south and Anilao and Malbasag in the city proper.
Lake Danao in Ormoc City is listed by the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) as one of
the major lakes in the Philippines. With an estimated area of 197 hectares, the lake is nestled within the
Lake Danao Natural Park, a NIPAS-proclaimed protected area located in the northeastern upland areas

of Ormoc. There are two smaller lakes both situated within the Tongonan Geothermal Reservation
Field: Lake Kasudsuran in Barangay Ga-as in the southeast, while Lake Janagdan in Barangay Cabintan in
the northeast. Both lakes are deemed as potential eco-tourism sites in the City.
Ormoc City is also host to fish sanctuaries and marine reserve areas. Fish sanctuaries located in three
barangays Macabug, Ipil, and Camp Downes cover a total of 32 hectares. On the other hand, marine
reserve areas covering around 15 hectares can be found in four barangays, namely Bantigue, Batuan, San
Antonio, and Punta.
Ormoc City is prone to floods and flashfloods, rain-induced landslides, typhoons and storm surges,
ground rupture, ground shaking due to earthquakes, liquefaction and tsunamis. Areas that are most at
risk are the barangays along the coast, including the city center.
POPULATIONDISTRIBUTION
The population is concentrated at the city center where commercial and institutional spaces are
concentrated. The working population from age 15 to 64 is relatively distributed across the urban and
rural barangays. Male population and female population are almost equal and also proportionately
distributed in all barangays (Figure 3).
Source: CLUP
Figure 3ORMOC POPULATION DISTRIBUTION MAP

LAND USE
According to the citys land use plan (see table below), around 47% of the citys land is allotted for
agriculture, 27% for forest, 10% is built-up and 9% is classified for special uses like airport, industrial
areas and others.
Table 1General Land Use Plan 1999 - 2014
LAND USE CATEGORIES APPROVED AREAS PERCENTAGE
GENERAL
Built-up areas 4,414 10%
Agricultural 24,919 54%
Forest areas 12,703 27%
Special land uses (total) 4,394 9%
Industrial 863
Airport 102
Mineral areas 162
Eco-tourism areas 2332
Mangrove/ swamp 935
TOTAL 46,430 100%
Source: CPDO
ECONOMIC DRIVERS
Ormoc Citys economy relies on two main economic drivers, namely:agriculture and commerce. The
city accounts for a significant portion of the food production of Eastern Visayas, as well as serving as a
natural bagsakan (drop-off point) for fishing and farming produce in the province of Leyte. In 2015
alone, major poultry dressing plants (Pura Farms and AOG Dressing Plant) in the city processed about
6M heads. The annual meat production in 2015 was the following: swine 27,753 heads, lechon 3,771
heads, cattle 1,030 heads, carabao 1,688 heads, and goats 1,450 heads (City Agriculture Office).
According to the City Agriculture Office, as of 2016, Ormoc has a total of 25,501 hectares of
agricultural lands.Rice (5,791 hectares) and sugarcane (9,900 hectares) have the most land allocations.
Annual rice yield for the city is at 40,479 metric tons per year. Other crops include coconut (3,160
hectares), abaca (2,800 hectares), corn (608 hectares, and vegetables (1,991 hectares). Pasture areas
amount to 926 hectares.
Commerce is another core driver of the economy because of Ormocs huge advantage in terms of
location and the presence of commercial and transport facilities (especially the Philippine Ports
Authority-operated Ormoc Port). The strategic location of Ormoc makes it a good link to Cebu,
Tacloban, and Southern Leyte, as well as Northern Mindanao.

In 2015, there were 5,716 registered businesses of which 909 were new (88 corporations, 1
cooperative, and 820 single proprietorship) and 4,807 were renewed licenses (598 corporations, 24
cooperatives, 3 partnerships, 4,182 single proprietorship.
In 2015, employment in services dominated all the types of business and trade engaging 8,555 individuals
or 62.34% of the total employment. Wholesale and retail trade employed the next highest number of
individuals equal to 4,330 (31.55%). Banking and finance engaged 839 individuals (6.11%) (CLUP).
The city has the potential to be the Provincial Industrial Center of Leyte Province (SEP, 2012) having
863 hectares allotted as industrial areas and having the transport facilities (i.e. Ormoc Port & Airport )
to support the freight of goods and mobility. Its 52-hectare airport located about 6 kilometers from
the city proper, is already operational as of this writing, with a 1 daily flight to Cebu (this facility was
used for the relief operations during Typhoon Haiyan). The city also has the 2,670.50 sqm. Ormoc City
Port which is managed by the Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) and serves as jump-off point by sea for
travelers from Cebu and other neighboring islands to the rest of Eastern Visayas and even to Mindanao
via the Maharlika Highway and the sea route known as the Nautical Highway (ORRP).
Tongonan Geothermal Power, the biggest geothermal powerplant in Asia which supplies power to both
Eastern Visayas and Luzon grid, is situated within the mountain ranges of the northeasternpart of the
City and the adjacent Municipality of Kananga The plant is now privately owned and operated by the
Energy Development Corporation (EDC) and its five (5) power plants produce 708 megawatts
geothermal capacity which is 37% of the estimated gross potential reserves of the country at 5,000
megawatts. The power plants also accounts 60% of the countrys installed capacity and provides
electricity to southern parts of Luzon and the Visayas of via sub-sea cables (ORRP).
DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
According to the Ormoc CLUP, many of the projects and programs of Ormoc have been stalled or
slowed down by Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. Total damages caused by Typhoon Haiyan amounted to over
PHP 2.3 billion. Agriculture suffered the most damage amounting to over PHP 2 billion. As most of the
population relied greatly on the agriculture products, this was the sector that greatly suffered in the
aftermath of the calamity. This was followed by damages on the private buildings and establishments at
PHP 113.8 million. The other major damages were on the infrastructure at PHP 46 million and national
buildings at PHP 63.5 million (DANA, 2013).
Based on assessments conducted for the CLUP, the following are the key development concerns in
Ormoc:
Infrastructure Expansion and Upgrading.Yolanda-damaged schools, bridges, hospitals,

roads, and government buildings need to be repaired. Most or all of these also need to be
constructed to respond to projected growth in population and economic activities. These are
also seen as catalysts for new developments that can lead to long-term resilience. Seawalls, flood
control systems, evacuation centers and other disaster mitigating projects need to be completed
in view of the natural hazards that the city is exposed to. The seaport, being among the citys

physical assets need to be enhanced to accommodate higher cargo and passenger volumes. The
airport that is currently non-operational can also be a growth stimulus if properly developed.
Urban Coherence.With 90% of the structures concentrated in the city proper, urban
congestion is perceived by the Ormoc residents as a problem that affects quality of life in the
urban area. Because of this, views and vistas, especially along the waterfront, are not optimized.
As a gateway city, Ormoc must set guidelines as to how the three-dimensional image of the city
should be from key vantage points. A more organized system of green and open spaces would
also serve as an important unifying element.
Agriculture.With its vast and productive agricultural lands, the city needs to come up with a
comprehensive plan for the agriculture sector, including developing an educationcomponent that
will support agricultural production. There are currently no schools or universities in Ormoc
specializing in agriculture programs. The production and distribution sides of agriculture are
also fragmented. A comprehensive plan will have to consider improving connections between
the farmer producers and the market; regulating prices; and enhancing irrigation and post-
harvest facilities.
Tourism. Underemployment is among the major problems of the city. Tourism is an economic
base that may be further enhanced. The natural and historical sites of Ormoc can be further
promoted as tourism destinations. This synergizes well with the intent to project the city as a
meetings and conventions capital.
Housing. High poverty incidence is an issue and this manifests in the number of informal
settlers found mostly in high risk areas. Relocation of these families need to be complemented
with social re-engineering and livelihood programs. Sites for these relocatees should be suitable
for housing, i.e., not in protected or hazard-prone areas and with access to basic services and
livelihood opportunities.
Environmental Management. The aftermath of Typhoon Yolanda left massive watershed,

forest and vegetation damage. These areas need to be rehabilitated and kept clear of
settlements. The city government lacks monitoring and law enforcement capacity, which makes
it imperative for environmental protection to be community-based. Slash and burn practices,
settlement on riverbanks and poor household waste management are issues that may be dealt
with at the grassroots level. On the city level, a solid waste maintenance ordinance needs to be
ratified. Increasing capacities to respond to and recover from disasters also entail community
organization that would complement the DRRMO of the city government.
Institutional Capacity Building. Very high Internal Revenue Allotment (IRA) dependency
requires the city to expand its local revenue bases. Aside from agriculture and tourism,
commercial and business ventures should be encouraged through better infrastructure and
investment-friendly environment. The city government also needs to attend to outdated codes,
ordinances and laws to be better responsive to current issues.
1.3 Planning Context
This section discusses the existing plans of the city related to climate and disaster risk, and its overall
development goals.
COMPREHENSIVE LAND USE PLAN

The City of Ormoc had a CLUP (and zoning ordinance) integrated in the Master Development Plan
(MDP) that ended in 2014. The MDP discussed the risks of flash floods and included geohazards analysis,
indicating the flood and earthquake-prone areas, as well as a rain-induced landslide hazard map and a
tsunami hazard map (Ormoc City Government, 1998). Given that its CLUP would expire in 2014, the
city initiated a process after Haiyan to review and mainstream DRR and CCA measures in the new
CLUP to ensure that it would be better prepared for future extreme weather events:
The new Ormoc CLUP has identified the following development thrusts for the city:
A. Selective Land Use Conversion / Preservation of Agricultural Areas While Aiming

for Higher Productivity
The City aims for higher productivity focusing on the service and manufacturing sectors, while
maintaining the agricultural base. Ormocs direction on the allocation and land use conversion is
aimed towards its goal of becoming the agro-commercial and industrial gateway in Eastern Visayas.
Based on the existing land uses and development, land conversion will be guided by the principle of
just access to productive opportunities.
B. Mixed-Use Development Creating Complementarity and Synergies
The goal of Ormocs comprehensive plan is to make sure that the urban core and the various sub-
nodes are aimed towards a mixed-use development with the citys zoning ordinances focused on
providing a vibrant mix of functional uses so that the residents are favored with all the conveniences,
services and opportunities in their localities rather than compartmentalizing these functions through
land use zoning. The citys goal is to provide identified specialized areas to maintain a level of self-
sufficiency.
C. De-Concentration While Aiming for a Critical Mass for the Center
The current development in Ormoc is concentrated at the south adjacent to the coastal area. This
location is although generally considered at a high risk to disasters will be retained as it still
represents the most convenient and central point in Ormoc. Although the direction of the proposed
development is towards de-concentrating the center while aiming for a critical mass for the center,
further densification and development of growth at the coastal areas must be regulated.

D. Enhancement of Potential Sub-Nodes
Potential sub-nodes have been identified due to their strengths in contributing to the citys goal and
vision. These areas have been evaluated and through cross-sectoral analysis determined if relocation,
expansion, or maintenance of existing land uses will be more beneficial. The enhancement of these
sub-nodes will help support the citys economic, social, environmental, and cultural enrichment.
Currently, most of these identified areas at certain points in the city. Linear development is,
however, not encouraged. Cluster must occur at the identified points. These sub-nodes will serve as
hubs or anchor development or activity areas.
E. Identification of Productive Uses for Protected Areas and No-Build Zones
Current linear settlements along the highways have no easements from road. Current development
can be relocated and/or regulated in order to protect residents from future disasters caused by
these hazardous locations.
For areas that must be protected such as the mangrove areas near the city center, activity zones like
linear parks, low impact developments must be introduced to discourage informal settlers the short
term development but long term developments must be towards noninvasive tourism.
F. Preserving while Making Use of Natural and Man-Made Assets for Generating Local
Revenues
The geothermal power plant is one of Ormocs man-made assets that exemplify how revenues can
be generated from its natural asset. As the power plant serves as an anchor industry in Barangay
Tongonan and benefits most the whole of Eastern Visayas, strategies for a more sustainable use of
this natural asset should be emphasized in order to preserve and give more value to the
environment over the income that it actually provides.
Tourism, apart from strengthening and preserving indigenous culture, can be another revenue-
generating source for Ormoc. Tourism in Lake Danao provides income for the locals. Revenues
generated from entrance fees, tourism services, souvenirs, among others can be channeled to
maintain the protected area and provide salaries for the rangers. However, tourism guidelines must
be strictly set in place as tourism activities can backfire and pose as a threat to areas under
protection.
Other natural assets that Ormoc can use for generating local revenues through tourism in the
future are the Caves in Barangay Nueva Sociedad, mangroves in Barangay Lao, and the hot springs in
Barangay Tongonan.
DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT

The city already has a functional Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, created thru City
Ordinance No. 008, Series of 2014 and with regular manpower complement headed by Mr. Ciriaco E.
Tolibao II and three other Plantilla position as mandated by R.A. 10121 or the PDRRM Act of 2010.
It already have a core group of trained and capable LGU employed Emergency Rescue Personnel (ERS),

available equipment and good practices on disaster risk reduction worth emulating. The CDRRM Office
are also operating a 24/7 Emergency Rescue Services and Disaster Monitoring Operation Center.
With the assumption into office of the new set of newly elected officials, the City Mayor issued
Executive Order No. 28, dated September 14, 2016, entitled An Order Re-Organizing the City
Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council (CDRRMC) with membership composing from various
offices, agencies and civil society organizations. In terms of Financial Status of the LDRRM fund
Utilization and Trust Fund Balance as of March 2016 totals P86,971,874.88. The proposed CDRRM
Office budget for CY 2017 is P3,428,768.00.
The office has formulated a draft of the 2017 Annual City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
Plan. This focuses on the 3 core programs namely:
1) Disaster Prevention Program - Focuses on physical infrastructure support program to

rehabilitate and enhance the functionality of the City District Centers (3-in-1) buildings, particularly
those located in Linao, Curva, Ipil and Valencia that was damaged by typhoon Yolanda,retrofitting of
the Ormoc City hall, water system rehabilitation, enhancement of identified evacuation centers and
disaster operation centers.
2) Disaster Mitigation and Climate Change Adaptation Program Gives importance to the
agriculture resiliency, health emergency management, environmental protection and solid waste
management support program of Ormoc City.
3) Disaster Preparedness and Response Program Focuses on two aspects: 1) Upgrading the
internal system and general operation management and 2) the organizational development of
LDRRMC and LDRRMO. Internal system and general operation management take into
consideration the setting up, maintenance of and operation of a localized early warning system and
the procurement of equipment for disaster preparedness and response. The organizational
development of LDRRMC and LDRRMO is focused on building technical capability of the women
and men of the LDRRM office of Ormoc City to prepare themselves the bigger responsibilities
during disasters.
The Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office (LDRRMO) is currently lacking in key
personnel as prescribed under RA 10121 due to the question of the source of funding. Hence the
LDRRM Office of Ormoc City thru initiatives fully supported by the Mayor has managed to utilize
volunteers coming from different departments to carry out the tasks of day to-day operations and
implementation of its Comprehensive Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan.
THE ORMOC RECOVERY AND REHABILITATION PLAN (ORRP)

The Ormoc Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan (ORRP) was formulated after the onslaught of Typhoon
Yolanda in 2013. Its overall recovery goal was to Rebuild Ormoc as a safer, more disaster-resilient
agriculture and commerce-driven city. The recovery and rehabilitation of Ormoc is guided by the two
core drivers that could jumpstart and sustain the recovery efforts: agriculture and commerce. Programs
and projects identified through the planning process, especially those pertaining to livelihood and
infrastructure for livelihood-support, were formulated with the vision and these core drivers in mind in
order to link the proposed projects to the overall development of the city.
The ORRP proposed a comprehensive set of projects based on their gaps and needs for each of the five
key sectors (shelter/ resettlement, social sector, livelihood (economic), infrastructure, environment),
taking into consideration its core drivers as a city. The environment sector was included owing to the
importance of the environment in maintaining the sustainability of the projects and city development as a
whole.
The ORRP has about 130 projects to implement across five different sectors amounting
toPhP3,453,209,487. Roughly PhP395,992,987(11.52%) of this cost has already been funded but about
PhP3,055,416,500 (88.48) still needs funding (note: for updating)
1.4 Planning Approach
The following framework was used in the Vulnerability Assessment for the Ormoc LCCAP:
Exposure
City Climate
Change
Vulnerability
Sensitivity
Adaptive Capacity
Figure 4VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK

City vulnerability is assessed according to exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. These are defined
as:
Exposureis what is at risk from climate change (e.g. population, resources, property) and the
change in climate itself (e.g. sea level rise, temperature, precipitation, extreme events).
Sensitivity is defined as the degree to which a system is affected by the biophysical impact of
climate change. It considers the socio-economic context of the system being assessed.
Adaptive capacityis the ability of a system to adjust to climate change (including climate
variability and extremes) to moderate potential damages, to take advantage of opportunities, or
to cope with the consequences. The IPCC Third Assessment Report outlines that it is a
function of wealth, technology, institutions, information, infrastructure and social capital.
The Vulnerability Assessment (VA) was done within a one-month time frame (October to November
2016). Initially a climate change orientation was done with a large group of various stakeholders from
both the city and the private sector. Then a City Technical Working Group with representatives from
various departments was formed to help conduct the VA with facilitation from the USAID Be Secure
team.
A 3-day Vulnerability Assessment Workshop followed by a 3-day Planning Workshop was conducted to
do sectoral assessments and identify necessary actions. The Vulnerability Assessment workshop was
participated in mainly by the TWG, while the Planning Workshop involved more stakeholders.
The VA was done through a rapid assessment per sector based on existing data and focus group
discussions with selected groups (two barangays Barangay Lao and Barangay Danao, to represent
lowland and upland ecosystems, and the agriculture and fisheries sector), as well as a review of existing
plans, sectoral profiles and reports.
The proposed actions were then presented to a larger group of stakeholders in December 2016 for
feedback. The actions were anchored on the goals and seven strategic priorities of the National Climate
Change Framework Strategy and Action Plan, namely:
Water Sufficiency
Food Security
Ecological and Environmental Stability
Sustainable Energy
Climate-Smart Industries and Services
Human Security
Knowledge and Capacity Development

2 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT
2.1 CLIMATE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS
WHAT ARE THE CLIMATE CHANGES?

Box 1. Climate Change Model used for Tacloban,
Climate changes today are characterized by changes Leyte
in temperature as well as changes in amount of
Resolution: 25-km
rainfall. Extreme hazards events are also observed
Scenario: RCP4.5
such as flooding, storm surge, strong winds, rain- GCMs
induced landslides, and extreme drought. There is Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM2)
also significant rise in sea levels. Hadley Center Global Environmental Model v2
(HadGEM2-ES)
For Ormoc, historical data and projections for the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earth
Philippines, province (Leyte) and Tacloban (by System Model (GFDL ESM2M)
Regional climate model for downscaling
Manila Observatory) have been used until such time Abdus Salam International Center for
that downscaled projections for Ormoc are Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate
available. Box1 shows the basic information on the Model (RegCM4.4)
model used for the Tacloban, Leyte projections. Climate time slices
Baseline 1971-2000
Projections 2025 (2011-2040) and 2050
(2036-2065) and 2050 (2036-2065)
CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE
OBSERVED CHANGES IN THEPHILIPPINES

For over 60 years, from 1951 until 2010, there was an observed increase of 0.648 deg C in Philippine
mean temperature (Figure 5).In the last 30 years (1981- 2010) the rate of increase has been 0.0164C
per year, compared to 0.0108C in the 60 year period.
For the same time period (1951 2010) there was an observed increase of 0.36C in maximum
temperature (Figure 6) and an increase of 1.0C in minimum temperature (This rate of increase is
almost 3 times higher compared with the maximum temperature) (Figure 7).

1
0.8
Annual mean temp
Difference ( C) from 1971-2000)

0.6
Smoothed series (5 year running mean)
0.4
0.2
-0.2
-0.4 Period Rate

1981-2010 (last 30 yrs) - 0.0164
-0.6 1951-2010 (60 years) - 0.0108
Years C/year
Source: CAD/PAGASA/DOST
-0.8
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Year
Figure 5 OBSERVED MEAN TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES (1951-2010) DEPARTURES
FROM 1971-2000 NORMAL VALUES
Figure 6 OBSERVED MEAN ANNUAL MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

PERIOD: 1951-2010 (DEPARTURES FROM 1971-2000 NORMAL VALUES)
Figure 7 OBSERVED MEAN ANNUAL MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

PERIOD: 1951-2010 (DEPARTURES FROM 1971-2000 NORMAL VALUES)

OBSERVED CHANGES AND PROJECTIONS FOR LEYTE AND TACLOBAN
The tables below show the temperature projections (as increases in degree Celsius) for Leyte annually
and per quarter (DJF December January February, MAM March April May, JJA June July August,
SON September October November) at RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, for 2020 2049 and 2050 2079.
Table 2Projected increase in mean temperature for Leyte
*increase in degree Celsius (oC)
Table 3Projected increase in maximum temperature for

Leyte
Table 4Projected increase in minimum temperature for Leyte
Figures8 to 10show the trend of the monthly mean temperature in Leyte and Tacloban throughout the
year from 1971 to 2000 and the projected increase from 2011 to 2040 and 2036 to 2065. The
projections show that there will be a steady increase in monthly temperatures per decade, with a higher
increase in temperatures in the early months of the year (Figures 9 and 11). The increase in mean daily
temperature for Tacloban will be driven by more occurrence of warmer average temperatures.

Figure 8 MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN LEYTE
Figure 9 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN

TACLOBAN
Figure 10 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR

MEAN DAILY TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN

Figure 11 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN BY DECADE
CHANGES IN RAINFALL
OBSERVED CHANGES IN THE PHILIPPINES

In most parts of the country, the intensity and frequency of extreme rainfall events is generally
increasing in trend (Figures 12 and 13).
Figure 12 TRENDS IN THE EXTREME RAINFALL INTENSITY PHILIPPINES (1951- Figure 13 TRENDS IN THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREME DAILY RAINFALL IN THE
2008) PHILIPPINES (1951-2008)

OBSERVED CHANGES AND PROJECTIONS FOR LEYTE AND TACLOBAN
The table below shows the projected increase in rainfall in percent change for Leyte for RCP 4.5 and
RCP 8.5 annually and per quarter. From 2020 to 2049 there is a projected annual increase of 23 to 24
percent in rainfall, while from 2050 to 2079 there is a projected annual increase of 40 to 50 percent.
Table 5 Projected changes in rainfall for Leyte - CMIP5

Ensemble Mean (2020-2049 and 2050-2079)
*In percent change (% change)
The following figures show the trends for historicalrainfall data in Tacloban, Leyte and the projected
changes.Historical data shows that there has been a steady increase in annual totalprecipitation and that
this will continue (Figure 12). The projection also shows that there will be wetter conditions during the
first and last quarter of the year and drier conditions during the dry months (Figure 15). There will also
be an increase in the frequency of precipitation events with more than 200mm of rain (Figure 16).
Figure 14BASELINE AND PROJECTED ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION IN TACLOBAN

Figure 15 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN TACLOBAN
Figure 16 FREQUENCY OF PRECIPITATION OCCURENCES IN TACLOBAN

EXTREME HAZARD EVENTS: TROPICAL CYCLONES
OBSERVED CHANGES IN THE PHILIPPINES

The frequency of annual tropical cyclones does not show a clear trend, but it shows inter-annual
variability (Figure 17).
Figure 17 ANNUAL FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES
In the same way, the frequency of extreme tropical cyclones, which are characterized by winds of more
than 150 kph, does not show any significant trend as well (Figure 18). However, there is decadal
variability to take note of. Currently, the trend of occurrence of strong typhoon is on the rise or in its
active phase.
Number of Extreme Typhoon (150 kph and above)

Period: 1971-2013
12
Neutral year Mean= 5.8 or 6 TCs
El Nio year (10), 2004
10
La Nia year (9),1987
8
Frequency of TC
0
1971 1974 1977 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013
Year
Figure 18 NUMBER OF EXTREME TYPHOON (150 KPH AND ABOVE) PERIOD: 1971-2013

SEA LEVEL RISE
Warmer waters generally lead to sea level rise. A map from the NOAA Laboratory for Satellite
Altimetry, which provide estimates of sea level rise based on measurements from satellite radar
altimeters, shows that the area around the Philippines have been rising 5mm to 7mm a year from 1992
to 2016 (Figure 19). Given this trend, Ormoc could experience a rise of half a meter within 70 to 80
years.
Source: https://www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/sod/lsa/SeaLevelRise/slr/map_txj1j2_wysiwyg.pdf
Figure 19 SEA LEVEL TRENDS (mm/yr)
2.2 COMMUNITY VALIDATION
The experience of the abovementioned climate changes in Ormoc was validated through the conduct of
focus group discussions in Barangay Lao (a coastal barangay) and Barangay Danao (an upland barangay)
as well as selected representatives of farmers and fisher folks.
Figure 20 BARANGAY LAO Figure 21 BARANGAY DANAO

OBSERVATIONS ON LOCAL TEMPERATURE
The participants of the FGDs were asked about their observation on the local temperature. Most
agreed that temperature has been increasing. The following are some of their answers:
Ang kainiton dili na makaya (We cannot cope with the heat.)
Bisag mo agi pa ang uwan, sakit jud sa panit (Even if it rains, its painful on the skin)
Kaniadto makatrabaho pami tibuok adlaw pero karon dili nami makatrabaho kay pwerte nang inita
(Before we can work the whole day but now we cannot because of the heat.)
Karon ang alas otso, makumpara pa sa alas dose sa una (Now 8 o clock is like 12o clock
before.)
[Ang trabaho] 5am hangtud 8am end kay init na kayo. (We work only from 5am to 8am because
it gets too hot nowadays.)
OBSERVED CHANGES IN RAINFALL

The participants of the FGDs were asked about their observation on rainfall. Many stated that intensity
of rainfall and its associated impacts (such as flooding) has been increasing. Some also cited the
unpredictability of rainfall unlike before. The following are some of their answers:
Kaniadto maayo pa ang panahon pero karon mu kalit lang ug uwan nga pwerte jung kusoga ug dagko
kaayo ang tagaktak sa uwan. (Before the weather was good but now it rains suddenly with big
drops.)
Lahi lahi ang sistema sa buhos sa uwan, sa ako nakita ang uwan mu kalit lang, sa ako nakita dli na
normal ang dagan sa panahon(The rainfall varies, sometimes it rains suddenly, the weather
patterns are not normal anymore)
Karon gamay lang nga uwan uwan mu kusog na ug baha (Now even with just little rain, it
floods)
Mas dali na magbaha karon kay sa kaniadto.It floods quicker now than before.
Mag lisud ug control sa volume [sa irigasyon] sa yuta kay sige ug kapagas (We have difficulty
controlling the volume of irrigation because of damage to the banks)
2.3 CLIMATE HAZARDS AND CITY EXPOSURE
This section discusses the various climate-related hazards which may be exacerbated by climate changes
discussed in the previous section. Existing hazard maps are presented to show the areas which are
exposed.
FLOOD
Areas prone to flooding are those subjected to recurring inundation when the water level of the rivers
in Ormoc City rises and overflows the natural and artificial confines due to heavy and continuous
rainfall. The most flood-prone areas are within the low-lying areas of the Pagsangaan Watershed and
Ormoc Watershed (about 1,400 hectares are exposed to very high flooding). The increase in rainfall as
well as the frequency of extreme rainfall events could increase the volume and frequency of flood
events.Table 6 lists the barangays susceptible to flooding.

Figure 22 FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP (WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICES)
Table 6Barangays susceptible to flood
Source: Ormoc CLUP

RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE
Areas with high susceptibility rating for rain-induced landslides have active or recent landslides and
tension cracks that would directly affect some areas in Ormoc City especially during or after heavy
rainfall. Those with steep slopes and drainage that are prone to landslides damming are also highly
susceptible to this type of hazard. About 76 hectares are exposed to landslides, mainly in the
mountainous eastern portion of the city. The increase in rainfall as well as the frequency of extreme
rainfall events could increase the frequency of rain-induced landslide events.
Table 7 lists the barangays susceptible to rain-induced landslides.
Figure 23 RAIN-INDUCED LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP (WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICES)
Table 7 Barangays susceptible to landslides caused by heavy rainfall
Source: Ormoc CLUP

STORM SURGE
A typhoon could possibly bring strong wind and rain hazards such as strong wave currents and flooding.
Along with strong typhoons is the threat of storm surges, as experienced in the coastal areas of Ormoc
during Typhoon Yolanda in November 2013 (Figure 22). The storm surge from Typhoon Yolanda
flooded coastal areas to a height of 0.5 to 1.5m.
Table 8 lists the barangays susceptible to storm surges should a similar scenario like Yolanda arise.
Project NOAH also simulated a storm surge scenario assuming a Storm Surge Advisory 4 (4.5m storm
surge height) (Figure 23). The increasing frequency of extreme tropical cyclones (with winds of more
than 150 kph) could also increase the susceptibility of these areas to storm surges.
Source: http://noah.dost.gov.ph/#/section/geoserver/stormsurgeyolanda
Figure 24 STORM SURGE HAZARD MAP (BASED ON TYPHOON YOLANDA)
Table 8Barangays susceptible to storm surges (Yolanda scenario)
Source: Ormoc CLUP

Source: http://noah.dost.gov.ph/#/section/geoserver/stormsurge4
Figure 25 STORM SURGE HAZARD MAP (STORM SURGE HEIGHT OF 4.5M)
2.4 RELATED STUDY ON CITY VULNERABILITY
A study on the barangay-level social vulnerability of Ormoc City to climate change was conducted by the
Oscar M. Lopez Center for Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management Foundation, Inc.
The following maps show the results of the study.
EXPOSURE MAP
This exposure map was based on landslide, flood, and storm surge susceptibility, and proportion of
households living in makeshift houses. A score was assigned per barangay based on level of susceptibility
(a higher level of susceptibility led to a higher score). According to the study, thirty barangays have high
exposure, with Barangay Naungan having the highest. As a coastal community also traversed by Jaoban
River, it has very high susceptibility to flooding and is most likely to be affected by storm surges. The
other barangays with high exposure index are its neighboring barangays and seven poblacion barangays
which are near Anilao River.

Figure 26 EXPOSURE MAP BASED ON LANDSLIDE, STORM SURGE, FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY, AND PROPORTION OF HH LIVING IN
MAKESHIFT HOUSES (SOURCE: OSCAR M. LOPEZ CENTER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION)
SENSITIVITY MAP
The sensitivity per barangay was scored according to proportion of unemployed, population density,
proportion of elders, children, people with disabilities, and informal settler households. The higher the
proportion the higher the sensitivity score. Nine barangays scored high on sensitivity, with Barangay
Cogon Combado as the area most sensitive to disasters because it is the most densely populated
barangay in Ormoc City. The other barangays with high sensitivity are Tambuilid, Naungan, Linao, Ipil,
Punta, Libertad, Bagong Buhay, and Liloan, which are either coastal communities or barangays with large
population.
There were 39 barangays with moderate sensitivity. Barangay 14 registered the lowest sensitivity among
the 62 barangays which have low sensitivity index. This is likely due to the low numbers of population at
risk because Barangay 14 is in the poblacion (town center) district and not a residential area. All the
poblacion barangays have low sensitivity.

Figure 27 SENSITIVITY MAP BASED ON PROPORTION OF UNEMPLOYED, POPULATION DENSITY, PROPORTION OF ELDERS, CHILDREN, PEOPLE
WITH DISABILITIES, AND INFORMAL SETTLER HOUSEHOLDS. (SOURCE: OSCAR M. LOPEZ CENTER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION)
LACK OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY MAP

Adaptive capacity was measured according to poverty incidence. The higher the poverty incidence, the
lower the adaptive capacity (a higher score/ index meant a lower adaptive capacity). Ormoc has a large
number of families living below the poverty threshold. About 13 barangays in Ormoc have low
adaptivecapacity. Naungan has the lowest adaptive capacity, perhaps due to the large number of informal
settlers in the area. Most of these informal settlers live in stilt houses over the water, while the rest live
in houses that are usually submerged during the high tide. The 49 barangays that have moderate adaptive
capacities are the rural barangays engaged in fishing and subsistence farming, aside from Barangay 29
which is a poblacion barangay but has residents living under Anilao Bridge. More than half of the
remaining 48 barangays that have higher adaptive capacity are located within the poblacion area. These
areas are commercialized with only a few residents.

Figure 28LACK OF ADAPTIVE CAPACITY MAP BASED ON POVERTY INCIDENCE (SOURCE: OSCAR M. LOPEZ CENTER FOR CLIMATE
CHANGE ADAPTATION)
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
About 8.18% of Ormoc barangays got a high social vulnerability score, with Barangay Naungan scoring
the highest and Cogon Combado second highest. Those with high overall social vulnerability are those
with high sensitivity indices, indicating that population at risk is the main factor contributing to their
vulnerability.
There are 49 barangays with moderate social vulnerability. These are barangays whose residents are
engaged in smalltime commercial fishing and/or subsistence farming, acquiring irrigation from the
tributaries of Anilao and Malbasag Rivers.

Figure 29SOCIAL VULNERABILITY MAP FOR ORMOC (SOURCE: OSCAR M. LOPEZ CENTER FOR CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION)
2.5 PROFILE OF A CLIMATE CHANGE HOTSPOT
Climate change hotspots are areas that tend to have high exposure and sensitivity to hazards, but have
low adaptive capacity. These areas are prime candidates for priority adaptation measures. Based on the
study conducted by the Oscar M. Lopez Foundation, Barangay Naungan scored the highest in social
vulnerability. For this section, Barangay Naungan is profiled to provide a glimpse of the socio-economic
characteristics of the community to better guide interventions for climate adaptation.
PROFILE: BARANGAY NAUNGAN
BASIC INFORMATION
Barangay Naungan has a population of over 4,623 people and about 925 households, according to the
2016 projection from Philippine Statistics Authority in 2015. Recently, 929 households in the coastal
areas were identified as part of the housing target by the local government through the Urban Poor
Affairs Office (UPAO), since many families reside in informal settlements.
According to the Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP), Barangay Naungan is one of the leading
barangays in Ormoc with the highest number of poor households. It is also one of the barangays with
the highest number of food poor and is one of the most affected barangays in terms of food shortage.
Furthermore, it is one of the barangays without access to a sanitary toilet facility. It is a highly exposed
area to natural hazards, as it is frequently inundated by floods and is prone to storm surge.

SITIO QUINTOLIMBO, BARANGAY NAUNGAN
Within Barangay Naungan, Sitio Quintolimbo is one of the most vulnerable areas. It is located in a
protected mangrove area of about 191 hectares, which is considered as government land. It has a total
population of 978 with 231 households, according a survey by the City ENRD in 2016. Access to the
area is via a hanging bridge (see Figure below).
Figure 30PHOTOS OF SITIO QUINTOLIMBO, BARANGAY NAUNGAN IN ORMOC CITY

The following is a profile of the community in Sitio Quintolimbo based on the ENRD survey:
LIVELIHOOD
Majority of the residents are fishermen but they willing to try another livelihood if the LGU can
introduce alternatives aside from fishing.
Figure 31LIVELIHOOD IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO
CHILDREN
There are 547 children in the community with 291 male and 256 female. There are 214 who attend
school, with majority in the elementary level followed by high school.
Figure 32CHILDREN ATTENDING SCHOOL IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO

WASTE MANAGEMENT
Based on inventory and assessment conducted on September 26-30, 2016, each household has no
proper disposal of solid waste. Some make their own dumpsite, others practice burning, make a pit and
others throw anywhere even along the fishponds. Collection of garbage has never happened at Sitio
Quintolimbo.The residents practice of disposing their solid waste has affected water quality in the
coastal area; there is a high level of coliform based on water quality analysis conducted every quarter by
the Water Quality Management Area (WQMA) Multi-Sectoral Group.
Figure 33WASTE MANAGEMENT IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO
TOILETS
Majority of the residents have no sanitary toilets. They flush directly to the shore and even near the
fishponds. Toilets tend to overflow every high tide.
Figure 34 TOILETS IN SITIO QUINTOLIMBO

CLIMATE CHANGE VULNERABILITY
Sitio Quintolimbo is susceptible to flooding and storm surge. The houses in the area were completely
damaged during Yolanda. Their main livelihood (fishing) makes them vulnerable to climate changes. The
lack of adequate sanitation makes the community more susceptible to climate-related health impacts.
Their poverty also reduces their adaptive capacity.
2.6 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS BY SECTOR
2.6.1 AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES
This sector looks at the impact of climate change related hazards on agriculture, livestock, and fisheries.
In general the findings points to a decrease in local agricultural, fisheries, and livestock productivity due
to extreme weather events, drought, excessive rainfall and increasing temperature. According to CAO
the greatest impact is mainly from strong typhoons; the impacts of rain and drought are manageable.
The sources of these assessment are the following: Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Ormoc City
Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan, Ormoc City Rice Statistics, 2012- 2016, 2016 Dry Spell Crop Damage
Reports, Typhoon Damage Reports, reports from City Agriculture Office and City Veterinary office.
Table 9. CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND ELEMENTS EXPOSED - AGRICULTURE
Climate change Impacts Exposed Elements
Increasing temperature Shorter working hours due to heat 4,540 rice farmers (2015)
Increased incidence of pests 794 corn and cassava farmers

(2015)
Increase incidence of plant sterility
4,301 fisherfolks (2014)
Coral bleaching and crown of thorns
infestation (2013 El Nino) Coral reefs in Macabug, Ipil,
and Camp Downes with 32 ha
Lower fish catch due to fish migration to of marine sanctuary
deeper waters
Changes in rainfall pattern Rice, sugarcane, coconut, vegetables 1,125 ha of rice in flood-
plant lodging and flooding in low-lying prone areas
areas
1,991 ha. of vegetables (total
Rice damage of flowers due to rain area)
Vegetables damage to newly planted

vegetables; increased incidence of bacteria
and fungal diseases
Farmers unable to time the stage of

planting due to erratic weather
Lower fish catch during heavy rains

Extreme events (Extended Decrease in rice production due to water 1,292 ha of riceland in
drought) stress (Nov 2015 Oct 2016 decrease drought-prone areas (rainfed,
from average of 4.3 MT to 3.3 MT per upland areas)
hectare)
Extreme events (typhoons) Total standing crops damage of Yolanda Total agricultural land area of
estimated at Php1.8billion (CAO) 25,501 ha. (top 3 crops:
sugarcane, rice, and coconut)
Fishery sector estimated damage for
Yolanda was Php22.9M (CAO) Poultry: 1.88M heads broiler
capacity pre-Yolanda
Poultry sector lost 1 million heads of
broiler chicken
Summary and findings of vulnerability assessment (exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity)
Increasing temperature leads to the following impacts:
o Shorter working hours for both farmers and fishers. This can affect about 4,540 rice
farmers and 794 corn and cassava farmers (2015 data) and 4,301 fisherfolks (2014 data)
in Ormoc. Fishermen describe that they only go out from 5am to 8am only due to the
heat; as it is already painful on the skin (Agriculture FGD).
o Increased incidence of pests which may be due to shorter life cycles for pests during
higher temperatures (CAO).
o Increased incidence of plant sterility (CAO).
o Coral bleaching (no data available on extent of bleaching) and crown of thorns (starfish)
infestation during El Nino in 2014, affecting fish living in the corals. Coral reefs in Ormoc
are found in the marine sanctuaries of Macabug, Ipil and Camp Downes (totaling 32 ha).
Almost 90% of corals were affected by crown of thorns especially in Ipil; corals although
are now growing back (CAO).
o Lower fish catch because fish go to deeper waters due to high temperatures.
(Agriculture FGD). Fishers from Barangay Linao usually catch fish in the coastal areas of
the municipalities of Merida Isabel. Those in Barangays Naungan and Pili catch fish in
Ormoc Bay and Albuera, Leyte, respectively. In 2012, the average fish catch from the
three (3) coastal barangays reached 19.77 MT.Unfortunately there has been no
monitoring in fish catch since then.
Changes in rainfall pattern, especially heavy rainfall, affects the growth of crops and results
in lower fish catch.
o Heavy rainfall causes flooding, affecting crops in low-lying areas (e.g. Bgy. Lao). It also
affects crops during their flowering stage. The following are impacts on specific crops
and the stages wherein they are most sensitive:

Sugarcane 3-4 months after transplanting plant lodging and flooding in low/
flood-prone areas. Total area of sugarcane is 9,900 ha.
Rice booting and flowering stage plant lodging and flooding in low/ flood
prone areas; possible damage of flowers due to rain. Total area of rice is 5,791.5
ha with 1,125 ha of rice in flood-prone areas.
Coconut newly planted and fruit bearing enough rain for growth and bearing
of fruit; flooding in low lying coconut areas. Total area of coconut is 3,160 ha.
Vegetables newly planted to harvesting flooding in low lying areas; possible
damage to newly planted vegetables; increased incidence of bacteria and fungal
diseases. The total area of vegetables in Ormoc is 1991 hectares (CAO).
o Farmers also cite that they have difficulty controlling the volume of water during heavy
rain, leading to damage in earth banks and irrigation canals (Agriculture FGD).
o Fishermen cite that they have lower fish catch because they cannot go out during heavy
rains brought about by thunderstorms and typhoons (Agriculture FGD)
o The environmental impacts of livestock raising are seen to rise, as changes in
temperature and increase in rainfall can contribute to increase in vectors such as flies.
The control of flies from poultry farms, for example is a concern.
o Historical impacts include the following:
May 2015 Oct 2015 production dropped to 3.35 MT/ ha due to water
stress, low usage of fertilizer, pests and diseases (SB, BLB, RB & sheath blight),
heavy rains during flowering stage
Nov 2013 to Jan 2014 53 corn farmers in 32 barangays with 54 ha affected
due to heavy rain
Extreme events (extended drought) affects mainly those farmers which dont have
irrigation or have rice paddies far from the main irrigation canals. But it also affects irrigated
areas, when the water level of the irrigation system goes down. During drought, about 50% of
farmers are unable to plant only those near streams are able to plant. In Ormoc there is about
1,292 ha of rice in drought-prone areas (rainfed, upland areas). It also affects other crops such as
corn and vegetables. The following are some of the historical impacts of drought and water
stress. These were mainly during the El Nino period of 2014 2016. Aside from direct impacts
of the drought an increase in incidence of pests and diseases were also recorded.
o Nov 2015 Oct 2016

Rice production dropped to 3.34 MT/ha (average production is 4.3 MT/ ha) due
to due to water stress, low usage of fertilizer, pests and diseases (SB, BLB, RB &
sheath blight).Rice areas affected by dry spell from May October 2016: Curva,
Lao, Licuma, Margen, RM Tan, Liloan with 508 ha affected without chance of
recovery.
Corn areas affected: Domonar, Green Valley, Leondoni, Liloan, RM Tan, with
249 ha affected and 151 ha without chance of recovery.
Vegetables areas affected were in Domonar, San Vicente with 13 ha affected and
11.5 ha without chance of recovery.
o May 2015 Oct 2015 - Rice production dropped to 3.35 MT/ ha due to water stress,
low usage of fertilizer, pests and diseases (SB, BLB, RB & sheath blight), heavy rains
during flowering stage
o May 2014 April 2015 - production dropped to 2.8 MT/ ha due to pests and diseases
o Nov 2013 Apr 2014 production dropped to 2.3 MT/ ha due to pests and diseases
o May 2013 2014 - Low rice production due to stem borer infestation on in no less than
250 has rice areas in nine barangays (Guintigui-an, Matica-a and Bantigue severely
infested) with 40 to 50%estimated damage.
Extreme events (typhoons)have affected agricultural production and fisheries in Ormoc. The
following are some of the historical impacts of past typhoons:
o Typhoon Seniang (Jan 2015) 151 farmers affected with total of 199 ha of rice and 30-
100% extent of damage
o Typhoon Ruby (Dec 2014) Typhoon Ruby damaged 480 ha of rice, 140 ha of corn, 185
ha of vegetables, 35,000 hills of bananas, with total estimated damage cost of about
Php60 million. Fisheries damage totaled Php39,000 with damaged banca and damaged
marker, buoys in marine reserve and fish sanctuary areas.
o Yolanda (Nov 2013)
During Yolanda about 95% of crops was harvested prior to November 8; 900
out of the total 4,900 hectares of rice plantation of the city were damaged by
the typhoon (ORRP). Total standing crops damage was reported to be worth
Php1.8billion (CAO).
The damage was mostly on warehouses, and rice stocks. Infrastructure damage
was estimated at Php15.3M. Palay and milled rice stock damage estimated at
Php158 million (CAO). A total of 347,045 bags of palay and 5,800 bags of milled
rice stored in the 46 severely damaged rice mills/warehouses were also wasted
due to the typhoon (ORRP).
The annual estimated sugarcane production was reduced from 921,620 LKG (1
LKG= 50 Kilograms) to just 516,107 after Typhoon Yolanda. The city also lost
40% of the total expected sugar production for 2013 (ORRP).Impact on sugar
cane industry has led to conversion of sugar cane lands
Fishery sector estimated damage was reported at Php22.9M (CAO)
Poultry sector also lost 1 million heads of broiler chicken. Twenty-one poultry
farms with a total capacity of over one million heads of broiler chicken were
totally/partially damaged (ORRP). Some poultry operators (8 broilers, 2 layers
as of 2015) were unable to recover from Yolanda(CVO).
Post-Yolanda, increased incidence of Post-Yolanda, increased incidence of rice
black bugs on ricewas reported. The irrigation supply was also reduced.There
was an increase in number of fisherfolks due to donation of boats
Sea level rise could affect low-lying coastal agricultural areas. According to data from the CAO
there is about 46 hectares of rice land in saline areas in San Juan, Lao, Libertad, and Bantigue,
where production is only about 2MT/ha. There is no data however if this saline area is
increasing.

Factors Contributing to Vulnerability
The following are the factors which contribute to vulnerability of agriculture sector:
Low adaptation by farmers of new technologies and practices.The City Agriculture

Office has been educating farmers for 3 years already on climate change but percentage of
adaptation of farmers is low. Farmers have difficulty grasping impact on production which
is seen as input-driven. Farmers will do adaptation measures only if inputs are provided.
Also tenants are unable to decide what to plant as owners tell them what to plant. Agrarian
reform beneficiaries are not used to financing their farms and have no financial management
skills. They acquire debts and end up selling their CLUA (rights to the land). There is a need
to increase rate of adaptation of farmers; eg communication strategies to target behavior /
attitude change.
Insufficient and ill-maintained irrigation facilities. Dry spells are compounded by

irrigation problem in some barangays canals are not maintained and affected by sand and
gravel operations. In some areas canals are of a higher level than rice fields; leading to
farmers damming the water and reducing supply downstream.
Lack of seed stocks and seed stocking area. These are needed to provide emergency
assistance to farmers after calamities. But there are no seed growers in Ormoc and there is
also no seed stocking area for safekeeping during typhoons.
No baseline data related to hydrological events and uncertainty of climate

impact.Farmers are unable to time the stage of planting due to erratic weather, leading to
lower yields. Ormoc needs a good record and evidence of historical trends and climate
events and impacts to guide farmers and justify interventions. It also needs to coordinate
with the national government on issues that need national attention. The CAO once
attempted to recommend a shift in the cropping season of rice but this need not push
though as this needs approval of the NIA Central Office to alter the irrigation schedule.
Inappropriate production practices of farmers/fisherfolks. Farmers have been

unmindfully increasing the use of chemicals (increasingly) to combat pests, which can also
affect the marine ecosystem. Application of fertilizer is off timing and mostly of lesser
amount than required despite existing fertilizer recommendation. Illegal fishing practices and
increase in the number of fisherfolks contribute to low production in fisheries.
Other factors hampering agricultural production include lack of farm machineries

and facilities; lack of post-harvest facilities like storage; and weak farmer cooperatives.
Adaptive capacity
Farmers and fishers have identified the following practices to cope with climate-related hazards in the
focus group discussion:
Planting crops that survive drought such as camote

Earth walls to prevent soil erosion during heavy rainfall
Inland fisheries and fish cages
Alternative livelihoods such as construction
Commercial poultry operators have shifted to tunnel-ventilated structures (controlled
environment with cooling system)
The City Agriculture Office also has the following programs to help support farmers in addressing
impacts of climate change:
Conduct a Climate Resilience Farmers School, promoting climate-informed agriculture (a

project of the Rice Watch Area Network)
A Climate/ Weather Information Center provides localized climate/ weather forecast and
advisory twice a week; updating of weather board and use of farm forecast of PAG-ASA
to track weather
Promotion of submergent-tolerant varieties of rice, use of rain shelter/ protective structures
(e.g. in Brgy Cabugtan, the vegetable basket of Ormoc) an ISRAAID showcase, and use of
high-yielding varieties
Use of Sloping Agricultural Land Technology (SALT) to prevent erosion. Contour farming
has been established in areas such as Brgy Domonar, Lake Danao, Cabintan, Ga-as.
Upland Rice Development Program (URDP) through PALAMAYANAN established field
demo on crops diversification, adaptability yield trial and nutrient management
Rootcrops Development Program production of sweet potato, gabi and cassava at the
Integrated Demo Farm, Brgy. Macabug
Rice Crop Insurance on Nov to April 2014 the number of crop insurance indemnity claims
totaled 198 farmers cultivating 323 hectares, and May to October 2014 464 farmers
cultivating 690 ha.
2.6.2 WATER
This section looks at the impact of climate change on the water supply of Ormoc. The main source for
this has been the Ormoc Waterworks, with some input from the community focus group discussions
and LCCAP TWG. In summary the impact of climate change hazards has been the lowering of water
supply due to drought; turbidity and contamination of water sources due to excessive rainfall; and
interruption of water supply due to extreme weather events such as typhoons.
Table 10CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS, AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - WATER
Changes in rainfall Turbidity and temporary closure of Ahag water treatment facility
water supply from Ahag (main water (estimated average daily
supply of city proper) during heavy production of 12,000 cubic
rain meters from surface water)
Submersion of water supply in flood 16 water sources and 8 water

prone areas e.g. JICA water source in storage facilities within flood
Lao prone areas
140 km of Level III lines in

flood-prone areas

Extreme events Past El Nino events have lowered the Ormoc Waterworks spring
(extended drought) volume of water sources (Ahag, spring sources: 14
sources) (May 2014)
Ormoc Waterworks surface
water source: 1 (Ahag)
Extreme events After Yolanda there was no supply from Ormoc Waterworks number of
(typhoons) ORWASA for 5 days as there was no residential water connections =
power for pumps 20,476
The main transmission line crossing Ormoc Waterworks number of

Malbasag river was damaged by flooding, commercial water connections =
with about 300m pulled from connections 334
Yolanda also affected recharge capacity

water levels have not gotten back to
previous levels
Changes in rainfall, increase in the volume of rainfall and increase of frequency

of days with extreme rainfall, causes turbidity and temporary closure of the Ahag
surface water treatment facility, the main surface water supply of the Ormoc City
Waterworks for the city proper. This facility draws from the Malbasag river, and has an
estimated average daily production of 12,000 cubic meters.
Figure 35AHAG
WATER
TREATMENT
FACILITY
Heavy rainfall also causes flooding. Based on a map overlay of the flood prone areas and the
water system (see Figure 36), there are 16 water sources, 8 water storage facilities and 140
km of Level III lines in flood-prone areas. One example of water source which is submerged
during floods. Submersion of water supply in flood prone areas e.g. JICA Relocation site
water source in Lao.

Figure 36 WATER FACILITIES MAP OVERLAYED WITH FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY
Figure 37 WATER NETWORK MAP OVERLAYED WITH FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY
Extreme events (extended drought) such as El Nino events in the past have lowered the
volume of water sources. In May 2014 a monthly visual inspection of sources indicated a drop in
water levels. Most affected were developed springs. The Ormoc Waterworks has a total of 14
spring sources and one surface water source (Ahag). In 2016, some areas experienced a lack of
water supply during peak hours. Aside from this, upper portions of the city typically experience
low water pressure. There are also remote barangays, such as Bgy Mahayahay which already
have problems in accessing water sources and use use rainwater as alternative.

Extreme events (typhoons) can disrupt water supply. After Typhoon Yolanda in 2013 there
was no supply from ORWASA for five days as there was no power for pumps. This affected
those connected to ORWASA (20,476 residential water connections, and 334 commercial
water connections). The main transmission line, which crosses Malbasag river, was damaged by
flooding, with about 300m pulled from connections. Yolanda also affected water recharge
capacity, as water levels have not gotten back to previous levels.
Factors Contributing to Vulnerability
Degraded condition of watershed around Ahag water source.The surrounding areas

within the Ormoc watershed around Malbasag River the main water source of the city are
mainly of agricultural use, contributing to its turbidity during heavy rain. There are also
pineapple plantations heavy on pesticide use which may contaminate water sources. After
Yolanda the problem with turbidity of the water source worsened. The El Nio which followed
exposed the soil and loosened it and now La Nia is eroding the loosened soil which goes to
water supply. There is also upstream construction of a diversion road which is aggravating the
problem; it may also encourage further development in the area.
Current fees (at Php3.50/ cu.m.) may not be enough to sustain operation of water
system. This is due to high maintenance cost for various production wells. ORWASA is
spending Php1.7M/ month for power cost alone and has Php 14M in receivables (unpaid bills) as
of August 2016.
Some barangays not connected to ORWASA are dependent on local water sources
and systems prone to contamination due to inadequate maintenance. Aside from
ORWASA, the following are the water systems in other parts of the city:
o Lide Management Corporation supplies water along the highway going to Isabel. It uses
three wells in Salvacion but the community in Salvacion is complaining they have no
water.
o In 1980 a support project of USAID (Seven Stars) provided a water system to upland
barangays. Originally it covered 7 barangays and now it covers 14 barangays. This is run
privately though the maintenance is questionable. The water system has been linked to
an amoeba outbreak due to faulty/ exposed connections.
o Upland barangays such as Lake Danao utilize spring sources with piped connections.
Lake Danao has also had an amoeba outbreak linked to the water system due to
contaminated leaking pipes. (Source: FGD, Lake Danao)
Water demand and water use is not adequately monitored. New investors such as
malls are adding to the water demand which may have reached 2025 projected demand already.
There is also inadequate monitoring of non-revenue water and water usage. ORWASA
currently has no flow meters so it cannot estimate volume of the water supply accurately. In
terms of ground water extraction, there is an ordinance which taxes users based on depth of
wells (but not usage).

Adaptive Capacity
The following are the adaptation actions to address impacts on the water supply:
After Yolanda, when the water supply was disrupted, people used water from potable artesian
wells (like Agua Dolce)
The following are plans by Ormoc Waterworks to improve its water supply and operations:
o To build five more deep wells, to add to the existing water sources. Three have already
been approved, with two production wells in Ahag.
o To install a clarifier system to address water turbidity for city proper
o To increase water fees
There is also a planned study by Manila Water on sustainability of water system
2.6.3 ENVIRONMENT
The environment sector looked at the impacts of climate change related hazards on the ecosystems of
the city and its waste management system.
Table 11CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - ENVIRONMENT
Climate Change Impacts Exposed Elements
Past flooding has moved large volume of Bao, Pagsangaan, (Pagsangaan

sediments and waste to lowland and coastal Watershed); Anilao and
areas, affecting coastal and marine Malbasag river system (Ormoc
ecosystems. watershed)
Marine reserves in Bantigue,

Changes in rainfall Batuan, San Antonio, and Punta
(15 ha.)
Ormoc Bay
37 barangays without waste

collection
Climate Change Impacts Exposed Elements
Typhoons Yolanda and Uring both felled trees Pagsangaan Watershed (53,768.8
and loosened rocks and earth on ha)
mountainsides and hillsides, reducing
watershed resilience to future storm events Ormoc Watershed (4,567 ha.)
Extreme events Typhoon Yolanda impact on coastal Lake Danao Natural Park (2,193
ecosystem: 1) defoliation, uprooting, or tilting ha. with a 140-hectare lake)
of trees; and 2) damage on 90-95% of
National Greening Program (NGP) mangrove Mangroves in Lao, Naungan, San
reforestation areas Juan and Bantigue (739.9 ha
timberland with 191 ha under
Increased waste volume from typhoon debris
reducing landfill capacity CBFM
Waste from other municipalities washed onto Waste management facilities: 32-
coastal areas hectare sanitary landfill in Green
Valley, MRF
Disrupted garbage segregation and collection
including damage to facilities & equipment 73 barangays covered by waste
collection
Increase in temperature may affect coral cover in identified fish sanctuaries in Ormoc: Camp
Downes (21.2 ha), Ipil (5.2 ha), and Macabug (5.6 ha) which cover a total of 32 hectares. The
citys coral reefs are mostly found in these three barangays. The table below presents an
inventory of coral reefs in the city as of 2012 (CLUP). Past El Nino events such as the one in
2013 resulted in coral bleaching in shallow areas (although there is no available data on
percentage affected). There was also a crown of thorns (starfish) infestation during the 2013 El
Nino which affected 90 percent of corals especially in Ipil. Scientists believe that crown-of-
thorns outbreaks may be linked to El Nino Events.1
Table 12 INVENTORY OF CORAL REEFS IN ORMOC CITY, 2012
Changes in rainfall particularly an increase in average rainfall and frequency of

extreme rainfall events can cause flooding, which leads to the movement of large volumes
of sediment from upland to lowland areas. In Ormoc this occurs mainly in the Pagsangaan
Watershed (Bao, Panilahan, Pagsangaan, Bagongbong rivers) and Ormoc Watershed (Anilao and
Malbasag river systems). Sedimentation affects the health of these river systems and affects coastal
and marine ecosystems as well. Aside from sedimentation, uncollected waste which gets thrown
into rivers (there are still 37 barangays without waste collection) are also moved downstream by
floods. Areas which could be affected are the marine reserves of the city, which cover around 15
hectares can be found in four barangays, namely Bantigue(4.0 ha), Batuan (7.71 ha), San Antonio
(2.7 ha), and Punta. (CLUP). Bgys Can-adieng, Alegria, and Naungan, are susceptible to
sedimentation as the river outlets are in these barangays. Ormoc Bay as a whole is an important
1
http://www.reefresilience.org/coral-reefs/stressors/predator-outbreaks/crown-of-thorns-starfish/

ecosystem, as it is included in the list of recommended additional priority wetlands in the
Philippines, based on the National Wetlands Action Plan for the Philippines for 2011 to 2016
(CLUP).
Extreme events such as typhoons can have severe impact on upland, lowland and marine
ecosystems as well. In 2013, Typhoon Yolanda damaged a huge number of forest, ornamental and
fruit-bearing trees across the city (ORRP). Areas affected by reduction in forest cover could
include the following:
o Forest land (areas with slope greater than 18%) covering approximately 48.47% or
22,504.63 hectares of the city. These include the steep areas in the eastern and western
portion of the city. (CLUP)
o The Ormoc Watershed (totaling 4,567 ha.). More than 10% of the approximately
watershed area is within the PNOC Geothermal Reservation site, which includes a 150-
hectare timberland in the uppermost portion of the watershed. Ormoc Watershed also
contains the main surface water source of Ormoc (Malbasag River), and is the major
drainage basin that directly influences the flooding of the City.
o The Pagsangaan Watershed (totaling 53,768.8 ha). It is legally delineated but not yet
listed in national roster of watersheds. It covers 7 municipalities (Palompon, Kananga,
Villaba, Merida, Capoocan, Leyte-Leyte, Matag-ob) and Ormoc. About 45% (24,241
hectares) is in Ormoc, covering 55 barangays.
o Lake Danao Natural Park (2,193 ha.) declared a NIPAS Protected Area in 1998, which
has a 140-hectare lake, functions as a major water sources for the city and towns of
Dagami, Palo, Tanauan and Pastrana (CLUP), and hosts endangered species such as the
Rufus Hornbill, Bleeding Heart Pigeon, Napped Parrot, and Philippine Tarsier.
o Anonang-Lobi Mountain Range (a Key Biodiversity Area within the Eastern Visayas
Biodiversity Corridor) covers part of Ormoc City and overlaps with Lake Danao
Natural Park. According to the DENR Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau (PAWB),
the KBA is home to two (2) critically endangered, one (1) endangered, 17 vulnerable,
and 26 restricted range species, as of the year 2006.
In 1991, the massive flooding inundation from Typhoon Uring further reduced Ormoc watersheds
resilience to future storm events. Rocks and earth on the mountains and hillsides were loosened
and made more unstable, the Anilao and Malbasag rivers were raised, widened, and clogged with
debris, and their channel slopes weakened (Environmental Research Division, Manila Observatory,
1992).
Yolandas effects on the coastal ecosystem of Ormoc included defoliation, uprooting, or tilting of
trees; and damage on 90-95% of National Greening Program (NGP) mangrove reforestation
areas(CLUP).Mangrovesare concentrated in barangays Lao, Naungan, and San Juan with small
patches in Bantigue on the southern part of the city. About 191 hectares are part of the
Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) area monitored and managed by the Peoples
Organization Naungan San Juan Mangrove Planters Association (NASJMPA). About 739.9
hectares total timberland (minus NSJMPA area) in the coastal area is monitored by the city.
Past typhoons have also affected the citys waste management systems. After Typhoon Yolanda, a
total of 640 truckloads of debris (about 20 truckloads per day) were collected from 10 November
to 31 December 2013 (emergency stage after Yolanda) which made a huge impact in the capacity
of the citys landfill and MRF. From 01 January 2014 to 28 February 2014, the collection went up
to 760 truckloads. The normal daily waste generation of the city then was 38 tons per day
equivalent to eight truckloads (small compactors) per day (ORRP). Due to this, two cells of the
sanitary landfill (which covers 32 hectares) were filled after Yolanda due to debris, reducing landfill
capacity, with approximately 70 to 80% already filled (PIO). The Citys Material Recovery Facility
also suffered heavy damage specifically its roofing, decreasing its usability during heavy rains
(ORRP). Before Yolanda, segregation of waste was implemented. After Yolanda, segregation was
suspended, thus mixed waste is now being thrown into the landfill with about 60 to 70 tons
collected daily (Source: PIO). Yolanda also damaged equipment for waste collection.
Factors contributing to vulnerability
The following factors contribute the increasing the vulnerability of the environmental sector:
Conversion of forest land to alienable and disposable land mostly for agricultural use.
According to a 1992 study by the Environmental Research Division of the Manila Observatory, of
the total land area of the Ormoc watershed, only 3.3. percent is classified as timberland. These areas
are confined to the highest portion of the watershed mainly at the peaks. Timberland under
government standards should be covered with forest. However in the Ormoc Watershed even
residual forest is absent. This leaves 96.7 percent of the Ormoc watershed classified as alienable and
disposable land (A&D). Cadastral records show that there are more than 700 lot claimants to the
agricultural lands within the watershed. However, land ownership is held and controlled by just a
few big families.
Almost all A&D lands in the watershed are used for agriculture, mostly for industrialized sugarcane
production (pineapple plantations have replaced some sugarcane plantations in more recent times).
In addition, patches of land along rivers are devoted to coconut plantations. The deforestation of the
Ormoc watershed has reduced the shear strength of the soil due to the lack of anchoring effect of
tree roots, making it prone to massive earth movements especially during storm events. It has also
resulted in a tremendous decline in the water retention capacity of the watershed (ENRD, Manila
Observatory).

Figure 38 SLOPE DISTRIBUTION OF THE ORMOC AREA WATERSHED

Similarly, a land cover map of the Pagsangaan watershed shows that forest is only on the
northeastern side; about 70 to 80 percent is cultivated area.
Figure 39 SHOWING THE LAND CLASSIFICATION STATUS AND LAND COVER MAP UNDER PAGSANGAAN WATERSHED
Communities doing slash and burn farming (kaingin) in protected areas. In protected
areas such as Lake Danao, slash-and-burn farming or kaingin by settler communities remains a
threat, although there have been attempts by the DENR to involve farmers in managing the area. In
Barangay Danao, for example, farmer associations have committed not to expand their farms and to
farm open areas only (FGD, Bgy Danao). An attempt to provide livelihood (planting of abaca) in the
past to settlers led to more forest areas being cleared. Road expansion also increased access and
encourage more land claimants.
Uncontrolled expansion of settlements and rapid unplanned urbanization in

ecologically sensitive areas. Mangrove areas in particular have been susceptible to settlements
and fisheries expansion. In the protected mangrove area of the city, there are 61 illegal fishponds.
Informal settlements have been also expanding into these areas. For example in Sitio Quintolimbo in
Barangay Naungan, part of the protected mangrove area, there are 231 families. The lack of proper
sanitation and proper waste management in these areas have led to a decline in water quality.
Water quality monitoring of Ormoc Bay after 2014 revealed a high coliform level due to lack of
toilets in coastal areas, dumping of garbage, and illegal fishponds particularly. There has also been
illegal cutting of mangroves. In an assessment conducted in 2001, mangrove biodiversity and cover
have declined. This is attributed to: 1) conversion to fish ponds; and 2) increase in the number of
families depending on mangroves for livelihood (from 50 in 2001 to 80 in 2014) (CLUP). As of 2014,
the recorded number of mangrove species present in the city coast is 13, which is six less than the
recorded number in 2001.
Uncollected solid waste burned, buried, or thrown into waterways. Lack of solid waste
collection in about 34% (or 37 barangays out of 110) (mainly in upland barangays; rural barangays
in lowland (far distance)) leaves uncollected residual solid waste in the communities which gets
either burned, buried, or thrown into waterways. This results partly to the lack of solid waste
management collection capacity of the city. The city now has only seven garbage compactors for
waste collection, with two assigned to the market (the ideal is 8 compactors, with about 5 tons-
capacity per compactor). Burning waste (including farm waste) adds to greenhouse gases while
waste along waterways exacerbates flooding impacts. Tourist sites (i.e., Lake Danao, declared as
part of the national protected areas) also get added waste from tourists coming into their area. If
left unmanaged it could pollute the protected forest and lake which also serves as water source for
the city and other municipalilties. (FGD, Bgy. Danao).
Sand and gravel extraction affecting river ecosystems. Unregulated/ unmonitored sand and
gravel extraction in areas such as Panilahan River have led to changes in the river paths and may
have loosened river banks, which may contribute to bank erosion and riverine flooding.
Adaptive Capacity
The following are the programs by the city which have been targeted to address some of the sources of
vulnerability:
Reforestation has been conducted under the National Greening Program in the Pagsangaan
watershed timberland area. These includes the following areas:
* 2015 273 hectares reforestation in 5 upland barangays, Cabingtan, Bagong, Mas-in,

Liloan (along riverbanks), Naungan (50 ha mangrove)
* 2016 3 barangays, Hibunawon (71 ha), Domonar (40 ha), Bagong (40 ha)
There has been limited reforestation in the Ormoc Watershed however due to presence of
sugarcane haciendas and shift to pineapple plantations.
Marine conservation through monitoring of fish sanctuaries and marine sanctuaries. The CAO
has been constrained in terms of monitoring due to damage to equipment by Typhoon Yolanda.
Waste management. The city has the only operating sanitary landfill in the region, although it is
not being operated as intended due to mixed waste being thrown in. The General Services
Department is in charge of waste. It still lacks equipment such as grader, bulldozer, dump trucks
and compactors for waste management.There are plans to build another cell in the landfill to
increase its capacity. The city has done awareness campaigns on segregation but still has
difficulty in enforcement. To enhance institutional support for waste management, there is a
solid waste ordinance being proposed with a draft ready for submission by the Solid Waste
Management Board. The city also has little maintenance capacity for equipment, due to minimal
garbage fees (these are paid with business permits only Php50 per business per year)
Water Safety Plan for monitoring of water quality
2.6.4 HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES
This section looks at the climate change impact on the health and social services sector, with data
coming from the City Health Office, the CLUP, and ORRP. In summary the impact on health is an
increase in water- and food-borne diseases and flood damage to facilities during La Nia;food shortages,
malnutrition, and increase in outbreaks of influenza-like illneses during El Nio; and damage to health
and sanitation facilities, disruption of services, and increase in water-, food- and vector-borne diseases
due to extreme events such as typhoons. Social services facilities have also been damaged by typhoons.
Table 13 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - HEALTH
Changes in rainfall La Nia: observed increase in water- 34 health centers and 2 hospitals in
borne and food-borne diseases such as flood prone areas, 29 health centers
amoebiasis, typhoid fever, diarrhea; in landslide-prone areas
and vector-borne diseases such as
dengue, chikungunya, zika
Toilets in flood prone areas and

coastal barangays are prone to damage
Extreme events Food shortages which leads to impact 11,513 households in Ormoc City
(extended drought) on nutritional status with income below food threshold
El Nino prone to outbreaks and

epidemics of influenza-like illnesses,
viral hepatitis, meningococcemia
which thrive in heat
Extreme events Yolanda: damage to health, education, Health: Heavy damage to the
(typhoons) social services, and protective service Ormoc City Hospital, 6 3-in-1
facilities buildings that hosts the citys
health, social welfare services and
19,499 households with damaged toilet police station, 22 Barangay Health
facilities Stations, and 42 Barangay Health
Centers, including equipment and
Increase in incidence of wounds, facilities
diarrhea, and dengue
Education: 169 totally damaged
classrooms. As of June 2014, 70% of
all damaged classrooms of the city
still need repair.

Social services: 104 Day Care

Centers damaged and five social
welfare facilities of the city: the
Lingap Center (the social
development center for children
and youth), Urban Poor Affairs
Office (UPAO), Productivity
Skills and Capability Building
(PSCB), Skills, Social
Development Center for
Children and Youth (SDCCY),
and Child Minding Center.
Protective services: Damage
to CDRRM building, IT
equipment, cabling switches and
server, CCTV and data antennas;
damage to flood early warning
system
Changes in rainfall, particularly an increase in rainfall volume and frequency of extreme

rainfall events, can increase the incidence of water-borne and food-borne diseases such as amoebiasis,
typhoid fever, diarrhea; and vector-borne diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, zika. Flooding from
extreme rainfall also damages toilets in flood-prone areas, mostly in coastal barangays. Flooding can also
affect 34 health centers and 2 hospitals in flood prone areas, and 29 health centers in landslide-prone
areas (See Figure 42 and Figure 43).
As of the 3rd week of September 2016, dengue cases had exceeded the alert level average for past 5
years) and epidemic threshold, possibly due to increase in breeding sites, volume of rain. The table and
figure below show the dengue cases in Ormoc from 2007 2016 and the cases in 2016.

Table40 DENGUE SITUATIONER IN ORMOC CITY 2016
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
ALIVE 358 293 127 436 211 127 436 529 63 467
CASES
DEATHS 2 0 1 4 1 4 6 1 0 4
Figure 41 DENGUE CASES BY MORBIDITY WEEK (N=466) PAST 5 YEARS VS 2015, ORMOC CITY AS OF NOV.11, 2016

Figure 42 HEALTH CENTERS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS
Figure 43 HOSPITALS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS

Extreme events (extended drought) can lead to food shortages which impacts nutritional
status. Ormoc has a high rate of malnutrition (11.35%), with 11,513 households with income
below food threshold. During El Nio, people are prone to outbreaks and epidemics of
influenza-like illnesses, viral hepatitis, and meningococcemia which thrive in heat.
Extreme events (typhoons) have caused heavy damage to health infrastructure. Typhoon
Yolanda in 2013 had the following impacts:
o The new and yet-to-operate Ormoc City Hospital incurred heavy damage from
Typhoon Yolanda. Likewise, all six 3-in-1 buildings that hosts the citys health, social
welfare services and police station, 22 out of the 33 damaged Barangay Health Station,
and 42 out of the 54 Barangay Health Centersincurred severe damages. Equipment and
facilities within these structures were also damaged (ORRP).
o In terms of water and sanitation, 45%, 19,499 households had damaged toilet facilities,
lowering the coverage of households with sanitary toilets to 78.74% post Yolanda
(CHO).
o Increase in incidence of wounds and diarrhea were noted after the city was hit by the
typhoon. However, diarrheal cases were sporadic. Epidemiological investigation showed
a contaminated water source due to contaminated main water tank, defective water
pipes and no access to sanitary toilets in majority of households whose houses were
severely devastated by the super typhoon. (CLUP)
o Incidence of dengue fever increased in the urban area of Cogon District. Barangay Buhay
recorded the highest cases of dengue fever due to stagnant water that was caused by
the presence of debris and clogged drainage system during the typhoon (CLUP).
Factors Contributing to Vulnerability:
No budget allocation for disease surveillance and response. The national support is
limited to provision of forms; there is no local budget for disease surveillance of climate-related
diseases.
Insufficient fund for toilet construction for households without toilets. The LGU has
allocated funds for the provision of toilet bowls and construction materials to households
without toilets but these funds are not enough to construct the whole toilet.
Non-institutionalization of Health Emergency Management at the barangay level
Adaptive Capacity
The following are the actions, plans, and programs so far formulated by the City Health Office to
address climate change impacts:
Conduct of Participatory Disaster Risk Assessment (PDRA) in 11 flood-prone

barangays (within Pagsangaan) in 2010. This was funded by GIZ, and consisted of an
analysis of vulnerability and capacities, and hazard analysis and monitoring. The output of the
PDRA was the formulation of a Barangay Disaster Preparedness Plan, and also included
awareness raising, concrete measures, and capacity building.

Health Emergency Preparedness and Recovery Plan (now Disaster Risk
Reduction Management for Health Plan).This was first formulated in 2010, and
updated yearly. This includes a Vulnerability Reduction Plan, Hazard Prevention Plan,
Capacity Development Plan, Response Plan, and Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan.
Work and Financial Plan for Health Investment Management Staff (HEMS)
Program
Disease Surveillance Program.Monitoring of diseases during climate-related events.
Environmental Health and Sanitation Program.This includes monitoring of toilets,
access to safe water, and septage. The LGU also provided Php 10 million for sanitary toilets;
Php3 million BUB fund for toilets in 2017. There is also an existing ordinance requiring 3-
chamber septic tanks.
City Investment Plan for Health.All health programs (eg Health Financing (insurance),
Service Delivery (Child Care, Maternal Care, Control of Infectious Diseases, Environmental
Health & Sanitation, etc)
2.6.5 HOUSING
This section looks at the impact on housing particularly those highly vulnerable areas.
Table 14 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - HOUSING
Changes in rainfall Flooding in low-lying areas Approx. 68,000 people in 12,000

households in 22 barangays highly prone
to floods
Extreme events 2013 Typhoon Yolanda housing Ormoc total no. of households: 47,343
(typhoons) damage: 30,456 totally damaged, (2016 projection), 72,044 (2025
25,043 partially damaged projection)
1991 Typhoon Uring housing City housing target after Yolanda: 9,085
damage: 2,915 totally damaged, HH
11,514 partially damaged
o Informal settler families in danger
zones low-lying areas): 3,370
o Families in coastal areas: 4,269
o Families near riverbanks: 1,446

Changes in rainfall, particularly increase in the volume of rainfall and frequency

extreme rainfall events, are likely to result to flooding to housing in low-lying areas. Areas
prone to flooding are those subjected to recurring inundation when the water level of the rivers
in Ormoc City rises and overflows the natural and artificial confines due to heavy and
continuous rainfall. Barangays with very high flood susceptibility greater than 2.0 meters are the
following: Bantigue, Ipil, Lao, Libertad, Linao, Mabini, Macabug, Mahayahay, Monterico, Naungan
(caused by high tide/ river), Nueva Vista, San Isidro, San Juan and Tambulilid, Licoma, Liloan,
Guintigui-an, Don Potenciano. There are approx. 68,000 people in 12,000 households in the
above barangays. The total number of households in Ormoc is 47,343 (2016 projection)
projected to increase to 72,044 (2025 projection).
Extreme events (typhoons)have severely damaged housing in the city. The following are the
housing from past typhoons:
o 2013 Typhoon Yolanda housing damage: 30,456 totally damaged, 25,043 partially
damaged
o 1991 Typhoon Uring housing damage: 2,915 totally damaged, 11,514 partially damaged
After Yolanda, the city selected households in hazard-prone areas to be resettled. The total target is
9,085 households, broken down according to the following:
Informal settler families in danger zone(flood-prone areas in low lying barangays) 3,370
in barangays Airport, Alta Vista, Bagong, Boroc, Cabaon-an, Cabingtan, Cabulihan, Catmon,
Cogon, District 4, District 13(check with UPAO), District 19, Dolores, Don. P. Larrazabal,
Guintigui-an, Hibuna-on, Luna, Magaswi, Mas-in, Mahayag, Milagro, Nueva Sociedad, San Pablo,
San Vicente, Sumangga
Families in coastal areas 4,269 mixed, with informal settler families, in barangays Alegria,
Bantigue, Batuan, Camp Downes, Can-adieng, Linao, Danhug, Ipil, Macabug, Naungan, Punta, San
Antonio
Families near riverbanks 1,446 in barangays Can-adieng, District 26, Lao, Liloan, Macabug,
Matica-a, Tambulilid, Valencia
Lack of resettlement sites for communities in hazard-prone areas. Out of the post-
Yolanda housing target of 9,085 households, 2,368 households will be provided housing through
assistance from NGOs and the national government. The city has provided land and
management for resettlement sites (although there is no focal point appointed yet for
management of resettlement sites as of this writing). This leaves a housing gap of 6,447
households (UPAO).

According to the CLUP, the total projected housing need of Ormoc is 16,667 households
(housing backlog +population growth + upgrading of ISFs). Based on this the total area needed
for housing is 148 hectares. The city only has about 4 hectares of land available (remaining of 5
hectares purchased by city from donations).
Inadequate water and power supply in resettlement sites. Some housing resettlement
sites (such as the Tzu Chi area targeting 2,000 households) still have problems in water supply.
Outdated data on the number of informal settlers in the city. Movements after Yolanda
has made it necessary to update the data on informal settlers in the city.
Lack of control of informal settlers. There are currently no clear controls for the
expansion of informal settlements in the city. There is also still confusion on the national policy
of the no-build zone issued after Yolanda and how the city plans to implement it.
Adaptive Capacity
Post-Yolanda housing interventions from various groups include the following:
Permanent housing
o Phil Red Cross/ Swiss Red Cross 681 on site in Mas-in, Biliboy, RM Tan, Bayog,
Cabingtan, Quezon Jr., Mahayahay, Boroc, and Magaswe
o SM Cares Foundation/ ANCOP Foundation 200 in Catmon
o Gawad Kalinga 224 in Tambulilid, Quezon Jr. and Maticaa
o EU- UNDP 55 in Cagbuhangin
o Jehovahs Witness 59 in Bagong Buhay, Curva, Macabug, Ormoc Center
o National Housing Authority 1,419 for ISFs and residents of danger zones
Temporary Shelter
o Tzu Chi Foundation 2,000 in Liloan

o DSWD/ IOM 82 in Can-untog/ Concepcion/ Donghol
There are other organizations who provided shelter kits but are unrecorded. Some NGOs
incorporated typhoon and flood-resilient features (such as elevating housing on fill), and advocated to
homeowners and trained local carpenters on the building back better elements.
After Yolanda, people also built their houses in concrete to become more resilient to typhoons.

2.6.6 BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
This section deals with climate change impacts on business, industry, and tourism. The main sources for
the information here are the CLUP and the ORRP, validated with some additions by the TWG. In
summary the main impacts are damage to structures, goods and equipment and interruption or closure
of operations due to flooding and extreme events such as typhoons.
Table 15 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY
Changes in rainfall Flooding in low-lying Majority of the business establishments are located in
areas the city center, a flood prone area.
Tourist sites exposed to flooding (city proper):

Veterans Centennial Park, Church of Ormoc, Puente
de la Reina, Old City Hall, Ruins of Congressman
Dominador Tan House
Extreme events Yolanda damaged In 2015, there were 5,716 registered businesses of
(typhoons) severely 25% of which 909 were new (88 corporations, 1
business structures, cooperative, and 820 single proprietorship) and
goods, and 4,807 renewed licenses (598 corporations, 24
equipment used by cooperatives, 3 partnerships, 4,182 single
MSMEs (ORRP) proprietorship)
MSMEs comprise about 95% of the total number of

businesses of Ormoc City.
Changes in rainfall particularly increase in the volume of rainfall and the frequency of extreme
rainfall events causes flooding in low-lying areas. Majority of the business establishments are
located in the city center, a flood prone area.Tourist sites in the city proper exposed to flooding
are: Veterans Centennial Park, Church of Ormoc, Puente de la Reina, Old City Hall, and Ruins
of Congressman Dominador Tan House. Tourist activity in ecotourism sites are also reliant on
good weather these areas may not get too many visitors in the rainy season. (see full list of
identified local heritage sites and tourism sites below).

Table 16 EXISTING LOCAL HERITAGE SITES
Table 17 INVENTORY OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN ORMOC CITY, 2015
Extreme events (typhoons) has caused damaged to businesses. Typhoon Yolanda in 2013
damaged severely 25% of business structures, goods, and equipment used by MSMEs (MSMEs
comprise about 95% of the total number of businesses of Ormoc City). (ORRP). After Yolanda
some businesses were immediately able to open since Ormoc businesses get stocks from Cebu,
which was not damaged. Other assistance came from non-government organizations and the
Department of Trade and Industry which provided financing for small businesses. Cash
assistance from Tzu Chi and other cash for work programs gave people buying power, helping
revive the economy.
After typhoon hotels were fully booked due to influx of humanitarian workers. There was was
also an increase of business registrants in 2014 (compared to pre-Yolanda). In 2015, there were
5,716 registered businesses of which 909 were new (88 corporations, 1 cooperative, and 820
single proprietorship) and 4,807 renewed licenses (598 corporations, 24 cooperatives, 3
partnerships, 4,182 single proprietorship).
In terms of tourism sites, forest and mangrove areas (listed in the table above) are also prone to
damage and defoliation of trees from typhoons.
The following are the factors contributing to vulnerability of the tourism and business sector:
TOURISM
o No inventory of flora and fauna
o Weak marketing
o Inadequate development of tourism sites
o No updated Tourism Master Plan
o No regulation policy for tourism establishments and related activities
BUSINESS
o Poor access of MSMEs to loan facilities in times of disaster
o Lack of access of MSMEs to new technology
o Lack of education of MSMEs in doing their business well
o Lack of attention and care by government in promoting the interest of MSMEs
o Traffic in business district; small roads
Adaptive Capacity
The following are the plans and programs of the city related to risk reduction for business and tourism:
Training of businesses on Business Continuity Planning organized by Asia Pacific Alliance for
Disaster Management (held November 2016)
Plans to have Cultural Mapping and Tourism Master Plan

2.6.7 INFRASTRUCTURE
This section looks at the climate change impact on roads and bridges, transport, power, and other public
facilities.
Table 18 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - INFRASTRUCTURE
Changes in rainfall
Flooding Road links prone to flooding (due to typhoon or
continuous rain for one week): Liloan area, 22 flood-
Damage to road
prone barangays not passable during floods but
surfaces
suffers minimal damage
Unpaved roads going to rural areas are those which
are usually damaged by heavy rains
Extreme events
Damage to Bridge over Panalian River susceptible to damage
(typhoons)
infrastructure such during typhoons
as bridges, transport
Schools, health centers located in low-lying areas
terminals, schools,
damaged during typhoons (especially those in
evacuation centers,
unsuitable locations such as flood prone or steep
health centers
slopes these used to be unproductive land donated
Clogging of by landowners). More than 40% of schools are
irrigation by debris located in high risk areas (estimate). Based on map
and damage to overlay - 80 schools are in flood prone areas.
canals
Irrigation main dam clogged with debris during
Power supply typhoons; earth canals vulnerable during flooding
interruption (exacerbated by damage due to farming activities)
31,482 LEYECO V customers (in 110 barangays)
Changes in rainfall particularly increase in the volume of rainfall and incidence of extreme
rainfall events leads to flooding and damage in some roads. Road links prone to flooding (due to
typhoon or continuous rain for one week) are those in the Liloan area, and the 22 flood-prone
barangays where the roads are not passable during floods. Paved roads suffer minimal damage
during flooding; it is the unpaved roads going to rural areas are those which are usually damaged
by heavy rains. Based on the map overlay below about 260 km of roads are within the flood-
prone area.

Table 19 ROADS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS
Extreme events (typhoons) has brought damage to infrastructure such as bridges, transport
terminals, schools, evacuation centers, health centers due to strong winds and flooding. Aside
from roads, there are also many public facilities located in low-lying areas which are prone to
damage during typhoons (especially those in unsuitable locations such as flood prone or steep
slopes sited in unproductive land donated by landowners). More than 40% of schools are
located in high risk areas (estimate). Based on the map overlay below, - 80 schools are in flood
prone areas while 48 schools are in landslide-prone areas.
Agricultural facilities such as irrigation is prone to clogging by debris during typhoons; earth
canals are also vulnerable to damage during flooding although these are exacerbated by
damage due to farming activities.

Table 20 SCHOOLS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS
Table 21 SCHOOLS IN LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS

Adaptive Capacity
The following have been the interventions in terms of reducing risk and coping with damage to
infrastructure:
Flood mitigation
o Engineering interventions managed by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency

were made in the banks of the Anilao and Malbasag rivers a few years back to
prevent/lessen the probability of the 1991 floods.
Evacuation
o Due to lack of resources to construct barangay buildings dedicated as evacuation

centers, the city are just upgrading the barangay covered courts to serve as evacuation
centers, providing them with facilities like comfort rooms, cooking and washing areas.
Existing buildings are also retrofitted to withstand a 250 kph windburst basing on the
Yolanda experience.
o The city is also a recipient of a Community Evacuation building constructed by UNDP to
serve as a model design of an evacuation center for replication in the barangays.
o To increase evacuation center capacity, the CDRRMO are implementing a Share-a-
Home program and tapping the federation of faith-based organizations to utilize
churches and private school buildings within the city proper
o Power
o Many offices and homes have purchased generator sets to cope with power supply
interruptions. The need for charging areas was also cited as key for communication and a
vital need during disasters. As of this Plan formulation, the City thru the CDRRM Office
are still in the process of procuring a Generator Set for uninterrupted power supply of
the new Ormoc City Hall Building, District Centers and other local government offices.
The following key facilities also serve as main lifelines for Ormoc and Leyte province as a whole in
times of disaster:
Ormoc Sea Port this plays an important role in the movement of goods and people
between the islands. The port area, administered by the national government through the
Philippine Port Authorities (PPA) is considered as one of the major port facilities in the
Province of Leyte. The municipal port is 65 nautical miles from Cebu, and maintains a strong
shipping relationship moving goods and people between the islands. Fast crafts, roll-on roll off
(ROROs) vessels and regular boats ply the island as often as four times every day. It has a
total annual volume of 1,049,509 for both embarked and disembarked passengers mostly from
Cebu and other parts of the nearby region. The port also provides shipping linkages from
Manila and other provinces. (CLUP)
Ormoc Airport - is one of the three (3) secondary airports in the region. It was recently
upgraded to Principal Class II. It is recently open to a daily commercial flights to Cebu and
hopefully a direct flight to Manila will also be offered once passenger volume becomes
sufficient. The airport was also instrumental in the rescue/relief and media operations during

emergencies and disasters. It is also currently utilized by flight schools by the Indiana
AeroSpace University based in Cebu. (CLUP)
The Leyte Geothermal Production Field (LGPF) - the main source of the electricity
requirements in the city. The power plant is formerly owned by the Philippine National Oil
Company (PNOC) now managed by the Energy development Corporation (EDC). The LGPF
is considered the second largest wet steam-producing field in the world. The Leyte
geothermal plants supply power not only in the Eastern Visayas, but also to Central and
Western Visayas and part of Luzon via submarine cables. The production field has a total
capacity of 2,000 Megawatts (MW) of which 20 Mega Volt Ampere (MVA) are intended for
substations in Ormoc City. Aside from the geothermal power field, the city also has Solar
Power Farm which can generate power with a total capacity of 30 Megawatts (MW)(CLUP).

3 PLAN OBJECTIVES
The plan goals of the Ormoc LCCAP has been harmonized with the seven priorities of the National
Climate Change Framework and Action Plan. Through a planning workshop specific objectives were
formulated per goal.
3.1 FOOD SECURITY (AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES)
GOAL:
Enhanced climate change resilience of agriculture and fisheries
OBJECTIVES:
1. To increase and sustain productivity in agriculture, fisheries, and livestock by:
providing appropriate technologies and programs
minimizing production and post-harvest losses
rehabilitating and expanding irrigation facilities
2. To minimize inappropriate production practices by:

showcasing appropriate production practices
strictly implementing FPA regulation, RA 9003 and RA 8749
3. To enhance knowledge on climate change impacts by:

formulating/establishing local Early Warning Systems
studying the appropriate crops for future scenarios
4. To be able to provide prompt assistance to farmers and fishers after calamities.
3.2 WATER SUFFICIENCY
GOALS:
1. Water governance restructured towards integrated water resources management in
watersheds and river basins
2. Sustainability of supplies and access to safe water ensured
3. Knowledge and capacity for climate change adaptation in water sector enhanced

OBJECTIVES:
1. Develop additional water sources
2. Enhance filtration capacity for surface water sources
3. Rehabilitate watersheds
4. Improve monitoring and efficiency of water use
5. Encourage rainwater harvesting
6. Improve operational capacity
7. Enhance emergency response capacity
3.3 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
GOAL:
Ecosystems protected, rehabilitated, and ecological services restored.
OBJECTIVES
1. Implement and increase capacity for proper solid waste management
2. Delineation and reforestation of watersheds and mangroves
3. Ensure the quality and protection of water resources
4. Reduce effects of urbanization to the environment
5. Mitigate the impacts of flooding
6. Minimize and regulate the effects of quarrying
3.4 HUMAN SECURITY
HEALTH SECTOR
GOAL:
Health delivery systems responsive to climate change
OBJECTIVES
1. To monitor and control impending disease outbreaks
2. Reduce morbidity and mortality due to water borne diseases and parasitic infections by
improving access to sanitary toilets from 78% to 100%
3. To increase community resilience by institutionalizing Health Emergency Management at the
barangay level

HOUSING
GOAL:
Climate change adaptive human settlements and services developed, promoted and sustained
OBJECTIVES:
1. To acquire and develop at least 100 hectares of land for housing and resettlement for informal
settler families (ISFs) beginning 2016-2025
2. To provide socialized housing units with basic services for the ISFs
3. To provide and facilitate access to socio-economic opportunities and services for the socialized
housing beneficiaries.
4. To institutionalize the Shelter, Housing and Resettlement Office and shelter programs of the
City
5. To provide local policies and institute necessary mechanism to implement the Ormoc City Local
Shelter Plan to address the housing needs of Ormocanons.
6. Maintain an updated data on informal settlers in the city.
3.5 CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES & SERVICES
GOALS:
1. Climate-smart industries and services developed, promoted, and sustained
2. Sustainable livelihood and jobs created from climate-smart industries and services
3. Green cities and municipalities developed, promoted, and sustained
OBJECTIVES
1. Prioritize tourism development efforts through the presence of enabling mechanisms
2. Construction/improvement/repair of tourism facilities
3. Intensify tourism marketing promotions
4. Restore and strengthen economic activities
5. Equip communities with necessary skills and capability to cope with the impacts of disaster
6. Strengthen partnership among all key players and business stakeholders
A. SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
GOALS:
1. Nationwide energy efficiency and conservation promoted and implemented
2. Sustainable energy sources developed and enhanced

3. Environmentally sustainable transport promoted and adopted
4. Energy systems and infrastructures, climate-proofed, rehabilitated and improved
B. KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
GOALS:
1. Knowledge on the science of climate enhanced
2. Capacity of climate change adaptation for the local and national level enhanced
3. Climate change knowledge management created and accessible to all sectors at the national and
local levels

4 ADAPTATION ACTIONS
This chapter lists the proposed actions under the planning goals and objectives according to proposed
priority. The prioritization was done during the planning workshop, where participants from each sector
were asked to cast votes per project according to urgency, resources needed, and feasibility/
effectiveness. Many projects got similar votes, so the final prioritization (where projects are grouped
into two or three priority clusters) was based on the judgment of the sectoral group. It is recommended
that prioritization be done again when project ideas are fully developed for specific funding sources.
The list of projects showing their linkages to the issues (from the vulnerability assessment), objectives,
link to climate change, status (whether it is a continuing, expanded, enhanced or new program/ project),
priority score, implementation period, performance indicators, institutions or departments in-charge,
estimated cost, and possible source of funding are in Annex A and B.
4.1 ACTIONS ACCORDING TO NATIONAL PRIORITY
4.1.1 FOOD SECURITY (AGRICULTURE AND FISHERIES)
PRIORITY 1
AGRICULTURE
Procurement and provision of climate resilient seeds for adverse eco-system(areas easily flooded or
affected by dry spells or with problem soil)
Strengthen extension services by deploying competent agri-fishery extension workers
Crop diversification
Construction of irrigation facilities and water harvesting
Conduct of Climate Resiliency Field School (CRFS)
Subsidy scheme for agri-fishery insurance coverage
Subsidy scheme of farm machineries and facilities to organized and accredited Rural Based
Organization (RBO)/ service providers
Strengthen and empower farmer irrigators' service association/ cooperatives
Localize climate/weather information services
Creation of crop map and IT based monitoring system
FISHERIES
Revisit/enhance Fishery Resource Development Program
Full implementation of fishery resource protection and law enforcement
Establishment of fish attracting device and artificial reef project
Promotion of inland aquaculture and ornamental fish culture
Improvement of freshwater fish hatchery
PRIORITY 2
Provision/acquisition of production and post-harvest farm machineries and facilities
Establishment/construction of warehouse/bodega and farm machinery shed
Establishment of coral reef garden
PRIORITY 3
Establishment of learning sites under the Expanded Agricultural Production Enhancement Program (E-
APEP)
Improvement of Agri-Fishery Trading Center Facilities for full utilization (cold storage, marketing
information system, etc.)
Provision of funds for the rehabilitation and expansion of irrigation facilities
Enhance/revisit irrigation service operational management and guidelines
Passage of regulation on agricultural pesticides utilization and farm waste burning/disposal management
4.1.2 WATER SUFFICIENCY
PRIORITY 1
Construct additional 5 production wells at Brgys. Donghol, District 28, Brgy. Simangan, and Brgy.
Liloan, Brgy. Patag
Proposed additional filtration clarifier at Brgy. San Pablo and Malbasag River (in Ahag)
Rehabilitation of existing Ahag Filtration gallery
Organize technical working group to study rainwater harvesting system including small water
impounding systems
Establish rainwater harvesting in city hall, CDRRMO climate resilient evacuation center, and 3-in-1
centers
Pass ordinance requiring rainwater harvesting system in all new developments in the city
Have universities conduct water use study in Ormoc
o Inventory water use: categorize residential, commercial, industrial in more detail
Reduce non-revenue water of existing water supply system
Monitor carwash and laundry shops, piggeries and livestock and encourage water treatment, recycling
and reuse
Invite Be Secure to conduct Water Audit Orientation
Increase water rates
Invite appropriate agency to orient city departments on Green Building Code Standards (specifically
on water fixture and rainwater harvesting standards)
PRIORITY 2
Installation of flow meter to monitor the volume of ground water extracted
Improve capacity of water personnel and key city personnel to reduce non-revenue water
Review the implementation of ordinance in ground water extraction and drilling
PRIORITY 3
Tree planting and tree growing in Brgy. Patag (watershed area near Ahag)
Emergency tools and equipment for immediate restoration of water service in times of disaster and
water interruption (generator set, backhoe, water truck (10T) )
Information Education campaign (IEC) and advocacy for rainwater harvesting with the private sector
4.1.3 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
PRIORITY 1
Mangrove reforestation
Facilitate the establishment and operation of the septage treatment plant
Strict enforcement of provisions of ecological solid waste management based on laws & ordinances
o Local ordinance and laws adopting RA 9003 including collection of garbage fees
o IEC on ecological solid waste management
o Institutionalize "No Plastic Use" policy and No Segregation-No Collection policy for
solid waste
Construction of another cell site in the sanitary landfill
Creation of the City Environmental Code
Strict implementation of Clean Air Act
PRIORITY 2
Establishment of reforestation project for Pagsangaan Watershed and other watershed areas
Inclusion of green architecture and technology in building design and smart urban planning (compact
and multiple use)
Rehabilitation of Materials Recovery Facility
Purchase of garbage trucks and heavy equipment (bulldozers, backhoes) for sanitary landfill
Prohibition of wooden post used for electric and communication utilities through ordinance
Declogging of drainage and other man-made canals
PRIORITY 3
Regular sampling and documentation of water sources
Relocation of illegal settlers along riverbanks and coastal areas
Creation of City Forest Land Use Plan, establishment of watershed areas and declaration of the same

Dredging of the rivers through the Flood Mitigation Council (FMC)
Issue policies and legislation on quarrying
4.1.4 HUMAN SECURITY
HEALTH
PRIORITY 1
Procurement of other toilet construction materials (steel bars, cement, sand & gravel) to complement
current program on toilet assistance
PRIORITY 2
Lobby for formulation of an ordinance institutionalizing Health Emergency Management (HEMS) at
barangay level
Capability building of brgy. officials, community leaders and other volunteers on HEMS
Provision of health sector communication equipment
Procurement of transport vehicle during emergency (type B ambulance)
HOUSING
PRIORITY 1
Identification of adequate suitable lots free from liens and encumbrances
Provision of road networks, solid waste management, potable water, power supply, drainage system
to resettlement sites
Convene Local Housing Board to formulate policies and guidelines and endorsing approval of Ormoc
City Omnibus Housing Act to the Sangguniang Panlungsod
Review of all existing City Executive Orders and Ordinances related to housing programs
Require raising the elevation of residential structures and other community facilities to safer sea level
elevations in flood prone areas (based on geo-hazard maps)
PRIORITY 2
Skills training (agri/ aqua) and financial assistance for livelihood and employment generation in
resettlement sites
PRIORITY 3
Conduct data gathering and profiling of informal settler communities

4.1.5 CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES & SERVICES
PRIORITY 1
TOURISM
Formulate Tourism Master Plan with climate change adaptation approaches
Formulate Tourism Code and IRR with climate change adaptation approaches
Development of Lake Danao Natural Park (LNDP) Eco-Tourism with CCA approaches
BUSINESS/INDUSTRY
Formulate Business Continuity Plan with CCA approaches
PRIORITY 2
TOURISM
Formulate incentives/awards/project grants for best practices of tourist facilities, service
providers, practitioners especially people's organization in grassroots-level with CCA
approaches
Protection policy for natural sites - declaration as protected areas or heritage sites based on
CCA assessment
Formulation of controlled relocation site, housing and livelihood program for Lake Danao
National Park residents
Capability building training to community and service providers & livelihood program with CCA
approaches
BUSINESS/INDUSTRY
Assist medium and small scale enterprises (MSMEs) to access capital sources for new CCA
technology adaptation in their business
Formulate rules & regulations for industry employment system (policy agreement with industry
employers & employees)
Provision of training/capability development to improve skill and product quality
PRIORITY 3
TOURISM
Establishment of tourism organization structure and regulatory mechanism

Development of sports tourism: creation and/or identification of sports complex and support to
athletes
Conduct of CCA-Tourism promotions activities in coordination with the private business
groups
Establish regular transport to tourist sites; purchase of environmental-friendly service vehicle
Development of greening program with schools, barangays, business/civic organizations,
commercial/industrial companies
Formulate tourism marketing plan, product, branding and tour packages with CCA approaches
4.1.6 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY
Encourage use of renewable energy through a city ordinance providing Incentives

Diversify energy sources
Promote energy efficiency and energy conservation
o Orientation on Green Building Code
4.1.7 KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT
PRIORITY 1
Integration of DRRM-CCA to Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Institutionalization of CCA into the City
Draft EO designating CCA Team with capable personnel to coordinate, monitor and evaluate
the implementation of LCCAP
Downscaling of climate change projection data for Ormoc City
Request assistance from PAGASA Climate Information Division
Coordination with DOST for the use of its Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), Automated
Rain Gauges (ARG), Water Level Sensors (WLS) in monitoring potential hazards
PRIORITY 2
Capacitate key city personnel to provide DRRM-CCA technical assistance to barangay level
Coordinate/ establish linkages with Regional Climate Change Adaptation Research and
Information Center (VSU)

4.2 INTEGRATED, AREA-BASED APPROACH FOR CLIMATE HOTSPOTS
An integrated, area-based approach is recommended for implementation of adaptation actions in

selected climate hotspots. This means that identified interventions (dealing with various sectors) be
focused on selected areas so that community resilience is addressed on various fronts simultaneously
and results are more visible.
For Ormoc, the potential pilot areas for implementation are Barangay Naungan (a highly populated semi-
urban urban coastal area with mangroves) and Brgy Danao (which contains a protected national park
and Lake Danao, as well as some settler communities). The following are the actions which may be done
in these hotspots:
Barangay land use planning + detailed site planning

Identification of redevelopment areas, tourism areas, community facilities
Planning process done with communities
Mix of housing interventions (repair, retrofitting, on-site or off-site relocation)
Mitigating infrastructure (seawalls/ dikes, mangroves)
Climate-resilient evacuation centers
Drainage improvement
Retrofitting/ elevation of community facilities and public schools
Improvement of water and sanitation facilities
Rainwater harvesting in barangay facilities and in homes as much as possible
Improvement of solid waste collection and disposal
Mangrove/ watershed reforestation
Climate-resilient agriculture and fisheries
Establishment of barangay-based emergency response protocols including community-based
early warning systems
Barangay-based health monitoring
Extensive, consistent and regular information, education and communication campaigns
Promotion of ecotourism
The following are the key elements of an integrated approach:
Synchronization of various sectoral programs. This means that various departments need to
coordinate with one another to ensure that their various programs for one area do not
conflict and are complement one another. There should be good horizontal and vertical
coordination among city departments as well as national government agencies.
Integrated project management and monitoring. To ensure synchronization, it is recommended
that project management and monitoring be centralized or a focal person assigned to
coordinate and oversee the area (e.g. an area coordinator).
Community involvement. The community needs to be able to participate in the planning and
implementation of interventions so that they feel that they are part of the process. Good
participation takes time but will improve chances of success.
Sustained community organizing. Dedicated community organizers need to be assigned to the
area to maximize community involvement and participation.
Technical support. This can include technical support for site planning, as well as various aspects
of community development, such as water and sanitation, livelihood, etc. The support can be
sourced from within the city if available or sourced out.
Counterpart funding. To prevent a dole-out mentality, the community/ household should be
encouraged to provide counterpart funding or sweat equity for the projects.
Linkage with multiple partners/ donors. Some interventions (such as housing, water and
sanitation) will benefit from linking with multiple partners/ donors to increase funding
opportunities and maximize resources.
Time. An integrated program for community development should at least have a two-year
timeline to allot enough time for community organizing, planning, and implementation of
projects.
5 IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION
5.1 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR IMPLEMENTATION
During the LCCAP planning workshop, the institutional setup for the implementation and monitoring
was discussed with the LCCAP TWG. The following were the recommended options:
Explore the possibility in creating a specific division in DRRM Office that focuses on CCA, with
new capable personnel recruited to focus on it. This division could then coordinate the
implementation of the LCCAP.
Form a multi-sectoral council/ team, with a Draft Executive Order from the Mayor designating a
CCA Team with capable personnel to coordinate and evaluate the implementation of LCCAP.
The current TWG could transition into this team. The DRRM office could still function as
secretariat.
Instead of forming a multi-sectoral council, use existing structures, such as the Mitigation
Committee of the DRRM Council (previously headed by CENRO) to coordinate LCCAP
implementation.
5.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION
The LGU Guidebook on the Formulation of the LCCAP by the Local Government Academy suggests a
simplified monitoring and evaluation matrix to monitor implementation of the local climate change
action plan formulated (see table below).

Table 22Proposed Monitoring and Evaluation Matrix
COMPONENT OF YEAR 1
THE LCCAP Planned Expected Actual Justification/
Activities Outputs Accomplishments Comments
However, once the LCCAP is already mainstreamed in the LGU mandated plans, the Guidebook
suggests that the LGU mandated monitoring and evaluation processes and tools be used.
Thus, the monitoring of the LCCAP could be done via the recommended monitoring, review and
evaluation (MRE) system in the Ormoc CLUP. Under the recommended MRE system, DRRMO and
CENRO form part of the multi-sectoral technical monitoring working group focusing on climate change
and disaster risk. The following are the recommended actions in the CLUP:
Creation of City Monitoring Team or Oversight Committee in the LDC or SB. The
key technical actors and responsible bodies for the MRE system are the following:
o Decision-making Authority: Local Chief Executive, Sanggunian Panlungsod/Bayan
o Lead Technical and Implementing Arm: City Planning and Development Office (CPDO);
Local Zoning/Enforcement Office; Local Zoning Review Committee.
o Other Implementing Bodies: Relevant LGU offices and Barangays.
Creation of LGU Technical Monitoring Working Group.Under the Local Government

Code, the Local Development Council (LDC) is responsible for LGU plan preparation and MRE.
Within the LDC, an MRE body shall be created, whose membership shall be identified and
functions defined. An MRE body shall be organized to undertake the monitoring, review an
evaluation of the CLUP and ZO implementation. Below is a list of recommended members of
the multi-sectoral MRE body in addition to the Lead Technical and Implementing Arm composed
of the City Planning and Development Office (CPDO), Local Zoning/Enforcement Office and
Local Zoning Review Committee:
o Ancestral Domains- NCIP to assess compliance with IPRA law.
o Forestry- NIA representative to assess the impact of CLUP implementation on water
yield and quality.
o Coastal, Marine and other water bodies- DA (BFAR), NWRB, DENR (PAWB), DOTC
(PPA, MARINA, Coast Guard, DOT
o Heritage Conservation- Designated representative from the National Commission for
Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the appropriate cultural agency, DOT, and National
Historical Commission of the Philippines.
o Climate Change/Disaster Risk- P/C/M DRRMO, MENRO/PENRO
Creation of CLUP Monitoring Report Card.
A CLUP report card is similar in concept to that which is being used in educational
institutions. It will be used to track progress or level of changes leading to the desired results
of the CLUP vision. The CLUP report card shall base the progress on the baseline information
of the outcome indicators at the start of the CLUP period. In particular, the Report Card shall
monitor land use changes through locational clearances, exceptions, variances, approved
application for reclassification and/or DAR conversion/exemption approval. Additionally, the
CLUP report card may refer to the consolidated monitoring initiated by the LGUs, national
agencies, private sector, NGOs/CSOs or local citizenry in the course of the CLUP periods
implementation. This activity shall be facilitated by the CPDC in coordination with the TWG.
The process essentially involves consulting key stakeholders of the LGU primarily the LDC, SB,
and local stakeholder groups. Examples of Outcomes and Benchmark Indicators:
o Data Inventory and Gathering- it starts with developing the rating system that will be
applied to track progress of the key CLUP desired outcome/result indicators developed.
To measure progress or changes in the CLUPs desired outcomes over a specific period
of time (i.e. in the case, 3 years to coincide with the LGUs tenure of office), a scalar
system representing levels of progress is applied. A scalar system represents a range of
values (e.g., 1 to 5 or 1 to 100%). The purpose of these scales is to present the CLUPs
state of progress in the simplest quantifiable forms.
o Develop Performance Criteria and Indicators
Table 23Examples of Performance Criteria and Indicators
o Set a benchmark for the rating system of the CLUP Progress Report Card- Once a
desired scalar system has been identified and agreed upon by the LGU, a benchmarking
process is needed to properly track the result of interventions. For example, if the
desired outcome is improved quality of life and one of its indicators is clean air quality,
the benchmark level for an acceptable air quality (that will have to be decided or agreed
upon by the stakeholders/LGU) can be based on the standard of acceptable air quality
(e.g. combination of TSP, PM10, etc.) set by Environmental Management Bureau (EMB).
The current status of the level of air quality in the area may also serve as a reference or
base level. This reference level mat then serve as the neutral, stable, or no difference
level and equated to 3 in the 1-5 scalar system. The desired outcome level of improved
air quality (based on target levels) may be 5 (highest) while the other level will be
subject to agreed cut-off levels. With this grading system, the applicable results from
various intervention activities can then be consolidated or computed to achieve the
progress level for that particular desired CLUP result/outcome.

6 REFERENCES
CITY PLANS
Draft Comprehensive Land Use Plan, Volume 1. Ormoc:, City Government, 2015.
Ormoc Recovery and Rehabilitation Plan. Ormoc: City Government, 2014.
Sectoral Studies, Volume 3. Ormoc: City Government, 2015.
2017 Annual City Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan. Ormoc: City Government, 2016.
CITY PROFILE
City Planning and Development Office. LCCAP - Population Sector Presentation. 2016. Presentation for
LCCAP TWG. community focus group discussionsDemonstration of Community Consultation Process
for Vulnerability Assessment in Barangay Lake Danao. October 26, 2016. Focus Group Discussion.
Demonstration of Community Consultation Process for Vulnerability Assessment in Barangay Lao.

October 25, 2016. Focus Group Discussion.
Focus Group Discussion for Agriculture and Fisheries. October 26, 2016.
CLIMATE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS

AECOM. Climate Change Projections for Leyte. 2016. Presentation for LCCAP TWG Meeting, October
24, 2016.
Manila Observatory. Final Report for the BeSecure Project. 2016.
SOCIAL VULNERABILITY
Toda, Luigi, Ordua, Justine Ravi, Lasco, Rodel, Santos, Carlos Tito. Assessing and Mapping Barangay
Level Social Vulnerability of Tacloban City and Ormoc City to Climate-Related Hazards.Climate Disaster
and Development JournalVolume 1. Issue 1 (January 2016).
SECTORAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENTS
ENVIRONMENT
Comorposa, Fe. Ormoc Mangrove: An Ecotourism Site. 2016. Presentation.
The Ormoc City Tragedy of November 5, 1991: An Evaluation of the Different Contributing Factors 2nd Edition.
Environmental Research Division, Manila Observatory, October 1992.
AGRICULTURE
Annual Ante and Post-Mortem Fees: AOG Dressing Plant, January December 2015. Ormoc: Office of the
City Veterinarian, 2015.

Annual Ante and Post-Mortem Fees: Pura Farms Poultry Dressing Plant, January December 2015. Ormoc:
Office of the City Veterinarian, 2015.
Annual Meat Production Report for the Year 2015. Ormoc: Office of the City Veterinarian, 2015.
Monthly Production Data. Ormoc: Office of the City Administrator Ormoc Waterworks Office, 2016.
Poultry Operation (Commercial). Ormoc: Office of the City Veterinarian, 2016.
Profile of Facilities. Ormoc: Office of the City Administrator Ormoc Waterworks Office, 2016.
2015 Validation of Rice Areas and Other Agricultural Areas in Ormoc.City Agriculture Office, 2015.
Albarico, Dante. Agriculture. 2016. Presentation for LCCAP TWG October 24, 2016.
HEALTH
Jaca, Elsie. Dengue Situation in Ormoc City. 2016. Presentation

ANNEX A WORKSHOP 1 RESULTS
SECTOR : Agriculture and Fisheries
LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE (identify how it
PROBLEM/ ISSUE (refer to OBJECTIVE (As stated in the PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES can reduce vulnerability or identify under
(Specific actions addressing specific
Vulnerability Assessment) CLUP/ORRP/CDP/ELA what strategic priority of the NCCAP it
needs) and POLICIES
belongs to )
Decrease in local agricultural, To increase productivity in agri-fishery, 1. Expanded Agricultural Production
fisheries, livestock and livestock and poultry by providing appropriate Enhancement Program (E-APEP)
poultry productivity due to technologies, programs and all other support
climate change impacts
2. Procurement and provision of Adaptation to existing/expected condition/
climate resilient seeds for adverse Maximize area for food production
eco-system
3. Strengthen extension services by Mitigation and adaptation thru education
deploying competent agri-fishery
extension workers
4. Revisit/enhance Fishery Resource Increase resiliency of vulnerable sector
Development Program
5. Full implementation of fishery Mitigation/sustainability
resource protection and law
enforcement
6. Establishment of fish attracting Increase fish catch of fisherfolks and
device and artificial reef project provide sanctuary for marine animals
7. Promotion of inland aquaculture
and ornamental fish culture
8. Establishment of coral reef garden
9. Subsidy scheme for agri-fishery
insurance coverage

1. Crop diversification To sustain productivity despite
unpredictable weather condition
Inappropriate production Provide appropriate production practices
practices of 2. Construction of irrigation facilities To sustain productivity despite
Strict implementation of FPA regulation, RA
farmers/fisherfolks and water harvesting unpredictable weather condition
9003 and RA 8749
3. Conduct of climate resiliency field Increase resiliency of vulnerable sector
school (CRFS).
4. Regulation on agricultural Mitigation/adaptation on CC. Increase
pesticides utilization and farm waste resiliency of farmers
burning/disposal management
5. Establishment of learning sites Increase resiliency of vulnerable sector
Lack of farm machineries and Increase farm productivity and income by 1. Provision/acquisition of Reduce losses on quality and quantity to
facilities minimizing production and post-harvest losses production and post-harvest farm adverse weather condition
machineries and facilities (linkage to
line agencies, INGO and NGOs)
2. Improvement of Agri-Fishery
Trading Center Facilities for full
utilization (cold storage, marketing
information system, etc.)
3. Establishment/construction of
warehouse/bodega and farm
machinery shed
4. Subsidy scheme of farm Increase resiliency of vulnerable sector
machineries and facilities for
organized and accredited Rural
Based Organization (RBO)/ service
providers

1. Strengthen and empower farmer Increase resiliency of vulnerable sector
To rehabilitate and expand irrigation facilities irrigators' service association/cooperatives
Insufficient irrigation facilities
to sustain productivity
2. Provision of funds for the rehabilitation Mitigation against excessive and
and expansion of irrigation facilities insufficient irrigation water
3. Enhance/revisit irrigation service Increase resiliency of vulnerable sector

operational management and guidelines
No baseline data (threshold To formulate/establish local Early Warning 1. Localize climate/weather information Adaptation. For early warning system
level) related to hydrological Systems services
events
Uncertainty of climate impact To enhance knowledge of climate change 2. Creation of crop map & IT based Adaptation. Maximize crop productivity
impacts on crops to guide planting decisions monitoring system.
To be able to provide prompt assistance after 3. Provision of subsidized insurance to Mitigation and resiliency.
calamities agri-fishery stakeholders
4. Establish buffer seed stocking Resiliency. Prompt provision of planting

materials after a calamity.

SECTOR: Water, Infrastructure, Power, Transportation
PROBLEM/ ISSUE OBJECTIVE (as PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE (identify R Y G T R
(refer to stated in the CLUP/ (Specific actions addressing specific needs) and how it can reduce vulnerability or identify E E R O A
Vulnerability ORRP/CDP/ ELA; POLICIES (May include ordinances, under what strategic priority of the D L E T N
Assessment) include sub- resolutions, agreements, executive orders, NCCAP it belongs to ) L E A K
objectives; you may memorandums, etc.) Insert already identified O N L I
also add objectives) PPAs and legislations in the CLUP, CDP or W N
ELA; then include your additional options. G
Several options can be identified per objective.
WATER To ensure sustainability 1. Additional Production Wells for water sufficiency 5 5 1

Temperature change of supply and access to @ Brgys Donghol, District 28, Brgy. Simangan,
Rainfall change safe water Brgy. Liloan
Sea level rise 2. Proposed additional filtration clarifier for water sufficiency 5 5 1
Extreme hazard @ Brgy. San Pablo and Ahag river
events
3. Rehabilitation of existing Ahag filtration gallery for water sufficiency 5 5 1
4. Installation of flow meter to monitor the for water sufficiency 5 5 2
volume of ground water extracted
5. Tree planting and tree growing in the for water sufficiency

watershed at Brgy. Patag, Ormoc City 1 4 5 3
6. Networking and linkaging with NGO partners for climate - smart industries and services 1 1 3 5 3
inidentifying adaptation and mitigation measures
for urban heat and increased temperature
7. Retrofitting of existing barangay facilities to for water sufficiency 4 1 5 2
introduce rainwater harvesting
8. Information Education Campaign (IEC) and for knowledge and capacity development 5 5 3
advocacy or rainwater harvesting with the
private sector
9. Coordination with DOST in monitoring the for ecological and environmental stability 5 5 3
volume of water if there is potential rain and
anticipating typhoons by estimating the volume
of water in rain clouds with the use of its
Doppler radar and sypnotic station (upon
establishment )

SECTOR: Water, Infrastructure, Power, Transportation
10. Coordination with DOST for the use of its for ecological and environmental stability and 5 5 3
Automatic Weather Stations (AWS), human security
Automated Rain Gauges (ARG), Water Level
Sensors (WLS) in monitoring potential hazards
11. Emergency tools and equipment in times of for ecological and environmental stability and 3 1 1 5 1
disaster(generator set, backhoe, water truck human security
(10T))
INFRASTRUCTU To restore, construct 1. Declogging of drainage and other man-made for ecological and environmental stability and 5 5 2
RE and build better towards canals human security
Temperature change sustainable development
Rainfall change 2. Dredging of the rivers FMC (Flood Mitigation for ecological and environmental stability and 5 5 3
Sea level rise Council) human security
Extreme hazard
events 3. Require raising the elevation of residential for ecological and environmental stability and 5 5 1
structures and other community facilities to human security
safer sea level elevations in flood prone areas
POWER To help the environment 1. Encourage use of renewable energy through an for ecological and environmental stability and 1 4 5 1
Temperature change and maximize used of Ordinance providing Incentives human security
Extreme hazard renewable energy
events 2. Prohibition of wooden post used for electric for ecological and environmental stability and 1 3 1 5 2
and communication utilities through ordinance human security
TRANSPORTATI To reduce carbon 1. Strict implementation of Clean Air Act for ecological and environmental stability and 5 5 1
ON emission of private & human security
Temperature change public utility vehicles
Extreme hazard
events

SECTOR: Social (Health)
No budget allocation To monitor and control 1. Provision of drugs and medicines for disease Reduction of morbidity and mortality for food 5 0 0 5 3
for disease impending disease surveillance and outbreak response borne, water borne and vector borne diseases
surveillance and outbreaks that is attributed to climate change (heavy &
response 2.Provision of other logistics, materials &supplies extreme rainfall, dry season)
3. Capability building for disease surveillance & Established monitoring of emerging & re-
outbreak response emerging diseases related to climate change
through the CESU (City Epidemiology &
Surveillance Unit)
Insufficient fund for To improve access to 4. Procurement of other toilet construction materials Reduction of morbidity & mortality due to water 5 0 0 5 1
toilet construction sanitary toilet from 78% (steel bars, cement, sand & gravel) borne diseases(diarrhea, amoeba,typhoid) and
for households to 100% parasitic infections
without toilets
Non To institutionalize Health 5. Lobby for formulation of an ordinance Building empowered, capacitated and resilient 5 0 0 5 2
institutionalization of Emergency Management institutionalizing HEMS at barangay level communities in adaptation to changing climates
Health Emergency at the barangay level and vulnerabilities
Management at the 6. Capability building of barangay officials, community
barangay level leaders and other volunteers Established monitoring of Basic HEMS at the
barangay level through the City Health Dept.
7. Provision of health sector communication HEMS office
equipment
8. Procurement of transport vehicle during

emergency
(type B ambulance)

SECTOR: Social (Housing)
PROBLEM/ ISSUE OBJECTIVE (as R Y G T R
(refer to stated in the CLUP/ PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE (identify E E R O A
Vulnerability ORRP/CDP/ ELA; and POLICIES (Insert already identified PPAs how it can reduce vulnerability or identify D L E T N
Assessment) include sub- and legislations in the CLUP, CDP or ELA; under what strategic priority of the L E A K
objectives; you may then include your additional options. Several NCCAP it belongs to ) O N L I
also add objectives) options can be identified per objective. W N
G
Lack of housing To acquire access, IDENTIFICATION OF ADEQUATE LOTS FREE FROM To facilitate for the provision of livable, decent, 5 0 0 5 1
resettlement develop at least 100 LIENS AND ENCUMBRANCES. gender-sensitive, disaster-resilient, climate
hectares of land for *Secure list of potential sites from the CPDO and change adaptive homes.
housing and Assessor's Office
resettlement for the ISFs *Perform records or documents analysis of potential
beginning 2016-2025 sites to establish its legal status in order to come up
with a short list of suitable sites
*Final inventory
*Inspection of sites included in the shortlist to
validate its suitability
To provide socialized *Provision of road networks 5 0 0 5
housing units with basic *Provision of solid waste management
services for the ISFs *Provision of potable water
*Provision of power supply *Provision of
drainage system
To provide and facilitate -CAPABILITY BUILDING ON LIVELIHOOD AND 5 0 0 5
access to socio- EMPLOYMENT GENERATION.
economic opportunities *Conduct basic skills training on agri-aqua livelihood
and services for the Projects
socialized housing *Grant of financial assistance for livelihood projects
beneficiaries
To institutionalize the *Convene Local Housing Board to formulate policies
Shelter, Housing and and guidelines and endorsing approval of Ormoc City
Resettlement Office and Omnibus Housing Act to the Sangguniang Panlungsod
shelter programs of the *Review of all existing City Executive Orders and
City. Ordinances related to housing programs
-To create a Local
Housing and
Resettlement Office.

SECTOR: Social (Housing)
PROBLEM/ ISSUE OBJECTIVE (as R Y G T R
(refer to stated in the CLUP/ PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE (identify E E R O A
Vulnerability ORRP/CDP/ ELA; and POLICIES (Insert already identified PPAs how it can reduce vulnerability or identify D L E T N
Assessment) include sub- and legislations in the CLUP, CDP or ELA; under what strategic priority of the L E A K
objectives; you may then include your additional options. Several NCCAP it belongs to ) O N L I
also add objectives) options can be identified per objective. W N
G
To provide local policies *Institute proper monitoring and evaluation of the 0 0 5

and institute necessary implementation of the plan.
mechanism to implement *Provide appropriate monitoring and evaluation tools
the Ormoc City Local and capable personnel to conduct monitoring and
Shelter Plan to address evaluation.
the housing needs of
Ormocanons
Outdated data on Maintain an updated Conduct data gathering and profiling 3
the number of data of informal settlers
informal settlers in in the city
the City

SECTOR: Social (Social Services)
Insufficient trained To be able to provide Enhance capacity of marginalized sector affected 0 5 0 5 4

personnel to conduct livelihood and skills Livelihood development program and skills training by climate change
skills training on training development
livelihood
Center appears not To provide facilities that Building facilities which are typhoon resilient 5 0 0 5 2
conducive for the will care and shelter the
best interest & abandoned, neglected Renovation of Social Development Center for
welfare of the and CICL children Children & Youth (SDCCY) for boys and Lingap
children/residents which are conducive and Center for girls and other facilities of CSWD such as
appropriate place to 6 district offices
their needs and
interventions

SECTOR: ENVIRONMENT
R Y G T R
E E R O A
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES and LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE D L E T N
OBJECTIVE (as stated in POLICIES Insert already identified PPAs and (identify how it can reduce L E A KI
PROBLEM/ ISSUE the CLUP/ ORRP/CDP/ legislations in the CLUP, CDP or ELA; then vulnerability or identify under O N L N
(refer to Vulnerability ELA; include sub- include your additional options. Several options what strategic priority of the W G
Assessment) objectives; you may also can be identified per objective. NCCAP it belongs to )
add objectives)
1. No proper solid waste To achieve proper waste 1. Enforcement based on laws & ordinances Lessen greenhouse gases (GHGs are 2 1 3 1
disposal and waste management 2. Ordinance and laws adopting RA 9003 one of the factors affecting climate
segregation (lack of local 3. IEC on SWM change) & reduce the
SWM policies and
programs) waste collected and transported to
the SLF
3. Damaged MRF building To cater to recyclable 4. Rehabilitation of MRF building Reduce volume of waste materials 2 2 2
due to Yolanda materials disposed to SLF
& reduce the need of raw materials

for production
4. Lack of heavy Maintenance of SLF 5. Purchase of heavy equipment for SLF Regulate emission of greenhouse gases 2 2 2
equipment present in SLF
(dump trucks, bulldozer &
backhoe)
5. Denuded forest Reforestation 6. Establishment of PagsangaanWatershed Maintain water abundancy & prevent 1 1 2 2
reforestation project

SECTOR: ENVIRONMENT
R Y G T R
E E R O A
add objectives)
soil erosion
6. Informal settlers Reforest the entire 7. Mangrove reforestation Increase fish catch & serve as fish 2 1 3 1
(mangrove protected mangrove area sanctuary
areas) ; illegal cutting of
mangroves
7. Water with high To achieve clean water 8. Regular sampling and documentation of water Clean water 1 1 3
coliform level beyond based on the Clean Water sources
DENR standards within Act of 2003
ormoc bay &
identified spring water 9. Relocation of illegal settlers along riverbanks &
sources coastal areas
8. Forest/watershed To delineate forest 10. Creation of city Forest Land Use Plan Clean air & water 1 1 3
converted to agriculture reservation areas
11. Establishment of watershed areas and
declaration of the same

SECTOR: ENVIRONMENT
R Y G T R
E E R O A
add objectives)
9. Water contamination To protect the water 12. Strengthening sewerage and septageprograms Clean water 1 1 1 3 1
resources of the city
10. Rapid urbanization To reduce effects of 13. Inclusion of green architecture & technology to Climate change adaptation 2 2 2
urbanization to the building design and urban planning
environment
11. Construction of To cater to the increasing 14. Construction of another cell site in the SLF Reduce the greenhouse gases & 2 1 3 1
another cell site of SLF volume of garbage
other pollutants
12. Unregulated quarrying To minimize and regulate the 15. Policy issuances & legislations on quarrying Siltation of rivers 1 1 3
effects of quarrying

SECTOR: TOURISM
PROGRAMS, PROJECTS, ACTIVITIES, SERVICES, R Y G T R
PROBLEM/ISSUE OBJECTIVES LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE E E R O A
POLICIES
D L E T N
L E A K
O N L I
OUTCOME: ENHANCED DRRM-CCA SENSITIVITY OF ECONOMIC MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS BY THE CITY GOVERNMENT W N
G
Inadequate development To prioritize tourism Establishment of tourism organization structure and Climate-smart industries and services
efforts of tourism sites development efforts through regulatory mechanism
the presence of enabling 5 2 0 7
mechanisms
No updated Tourism Master Formulate Tourism Master Plan with climate change
Climate-smart industries and services 5 2 0 7
Plan adaptation approaches
No regulation policy for

Formulate Tourism Code and IRR with climate
tourism establishment and Climate-smart industries and services 5 2 0 7
change adaptation approaches
related activities
Formulate incentives/awards/project grants for best

practices of tourist facilities, service providers,
practitioners especially people's organization in
grassroots-level
Sports tourism: Creation and/or identification of

sports complex
Support and development of worldclass athletes

Knowledge and capacity development 0 7 0 7
scholarship

SECTOR: TOURISM
POLICIES
D L E T N
L E A K
O N L I
G
Formulate rules & regulations for industry Human security/climate-smart industries 5 1 1 7

employment system (policy agreement with industry and services
employers & employees)
Construction/improvement/re
Development of Lake Danao Natural Park Ecological and environmental stability 6 1 0 7
pair of tourism facilities
Capability building training to community and

Knowledge and capacity development 0 2 5 7
service providers & livelihood program
Establish regular transport to tourist sites; purchase

of service vehicle
Protection policy for natural sites - declaration as

Ecological and environmental stability 7 0 0 7
protected areas

SECTOR: TOURISM
POLICIES
D L E T N
L E A K
O N L I
G
Formulation of relocation site, housing and

Food and human security 1 1 5 7
livelihood program for LNDP residents
Development of greening program to include regular

activities on treeplanting and clean up drive with Ecological and environmental
0 0 7 7
schools, barangays, business/civic organizations, stability/human security
commercial/industrial companies
Formulate tourism marketing plan, product,

branding and tour packages
To intensify tourism
marketing promotions
Institutionalize "No Plastic Use"
SECTOR: INDUSTRY & SERVICES

PROBLEM/ ISSUE (refer OBJECTIVE (as stated in the PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE R Y G T R
to Vulnerability CLUP/ ORRP/CDP/ ELA; (Specific actions addressing specific needs) (identify how it can reduce E E R O A
Assessment) include sub-objectives; you may and POLICIES (May include ordinances, vulnerability or identify under D L E T N
also add objectives) resolutions, agreements, executive orders, what strategic priority of the L E A K
memorandums, etc.) Insert already NCCAP it belongs to ) O N L I
identified PPAs and legislations in the W N
CLUP, CDP or ELA; then include your

additional options. Several options can be G
identified per objective.
Poor access of MSMEs to loan Restoration and strengthening of Formulate IRR of Investment and Incentives Code Climate-smart industries and services
5 1 1 7
facilities in times of disaster economic activities
Lack of access of MSMEs to Assist MSMEs in access to new technology of Knowledge and capacity development
new technology capital sources 3 4 0 7
Lack of education of MSMEs Communities are equipped with Provision of training/Capability Development to Knowledge and capacity development
in doing their business well necessary skills and capability to improve skill and product quality 1 5 0 6
cope up with the impacts of disaster
Lack of attention and care by

government in promoting the
interest if MSMEs
High unemployment problem Strengthened partnership among all Conduct of promotions activities in coordination Knowledge and capacity development 1 5 1 7
key players and business with the private business groups
stakeholders
Un-inclusive economic growth
High poverty rate
Negative growth in the

individual sector

SECTOR: INSTITUTIONAL
PROBLEM/ ISSUE (refer OBJECTIVE (as stated in the PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES LINK TO CLIMATE CHANGE R Y G T R
to Vulnerability CLUP/ ORRP/CDP/ ELA; (Specific actions addressing specific needs) (identify how it can reduce E E R O A
Assessment) include sub-objectives; you may and POLICIES (May include ordinances, vulnerability or identify under D L E T N
also add objectives) resolutions, agreements, executive orders, what strategic priority of the L E A K
memorandums, etc.) Insert already NCCAP it belongs to ) O N L I
identified PPAs and legislations in the W N
CLUP, CDP or ELA; then include your G
additional options. Several options can be
identified per objective
Well-established programs and plan Mainstreaming of LCCAP to DRRM Plan Ecological and environmental 7 0 0 7
of actions for disaster preparedness, stability/human security
response, mitigation, recovery and
rehabilitation Integration of DRRM-CCA to CLUP Ecological and environmental 7 0 0 7
stability/human security
Creation of Local Climate Change Monitoring Ecological and environmental 7 0 0 7

Office stability/human security
Organizing of pool of experts to provide DRRM- Knowledge and capacity development 7 0 0 7

CCA technical assistance to barangay level
Creation of the City Environmental Code Ecological and environmental 7 0 0 7

Community Development of Resettlement Areas Ecological and environmental 1 6 0 7

Formulate Business Continuity Plan Ecological and environmental 5 2 0 7

Implement integrated system and Creation of a City Disaster Needs Assessment Team Ecological and environmental 1 0 6 7
mechanisms for recovery and and establishing mobilization techniques stability/human security
rehabilitation management

ANNEX B - WORKSHOP 3 RESULTS

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ IMPLEMENTATIO
ACTIVITIES STATUS (Identify PRIORITY N PERIOD (Identify
whether this is RANKIN whether Short- INSTITUTIONS ESTIMAT
POSSIBLE
POLICIES (Insert results of continuing, G (Insert Term (1-3 Years), PERFORMANCE OR ED COST
SOURCE OF
Workshop 1) expanded, results of Medium-Term (4-6 INDICATORS DEPARTMENTS (Php
FUNDING
enhanced, or new Workshop Years), and Long- IN-CHARGE million)
PPA) 2) Term (7 Years and
Above)
Expanded Agricultural Production LGU ORMOC

Enhancement Program (E-APEP) City agriculture
Food sufficiency (EDF, GF), DA-
Expanded Short Office, DA-RFO 8, 6
index FRO 8, ATI-
ATI-RTC 8, VSU
RTC 8, VSU
Establishment of learning sites City agriculture

City agriculture
No. of sites Office, DA-RFO
Enhanced 3 Short Office, DA-RFO 8,
developed 8, ATI-RTC 8,
ATI-RTC 8, VSU
VSU
Establish buffer seed stocking New short
Procurement and provision of climate No. of planted

City agriculture
resilient seeds for adverse eco-system New Short areas, production 7
Office, DA-RFO 8
per unit area
Strengthen extension services by

AEWs per area LGU ORMOC
deploying competent Agri-Fishery New 1 Short LGU Ormoc 3
assignment (GF)
Extension Workers (AEWs)
Revisit/Enhance Fishery Resource

Development Program
Full implementation of fishery resource LGU ORMOC

Enhanced 1 Short LGU Ormoc 0.2
protection and law enforcement (GF)

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE
POSSIBLE
SOURCE OF
FUNDING
Above)
Establishment of fish attracting device Increase in fish LGU ORMOC

LGU Ormoc, DA-
and artificial reef project Continuing 1 Short catch, units 0.1 (EDF), DA-
BFAR
installed BFAR 8
Increase in fish
Promotion of inland aquaculture & LGU ORMOC
1 Short production, no. of LGU Ormoc 0.4
ornamental fish culture (EDF)
recipients/clients
Increase in fish
LGU ORMOC
Establishment of coral reef garden New 2 Short catch, area LGU Ormoc 0.5
(EDF)
established
Improvement of freshwater fish hatchery
Installation of rain water harvester and

construction of water recycling pond Water LGU ORMOC
Enhanced/New 1 Short LGU Ormoc 1
consumption (EDF)
Rehabilitation of concrete tanks
LGU Ormoc
Subsidy scheme for agri-fishery insurance LGU Ormoc, DA-
New 1 Short No. of recipients 2.25 (EDF), DA-
coverage RFO8, RCPC
RFO8,
LGU Ormoc, DA-

Area developed, DA-RFO8, ATI-
Crop diversification Enhanced 1 Short RFO8, ATI-RTC8, 1
no. of recipients RTC8, NIA
NIA

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE
POSSIBLE
SOURCE OF
FUNDING
Above)
Construction of irrigation facilities and Total area served, NIA, PhilMec, DA- PhilMec, DA-
Enhanced/ New 1 Short 20
water harvesting no. of recipients RFO8 RFO8, NIA
Total area served,

Conduct of Climate Resiliency Field no. of recipients, LGU Ormoc, LGU Ormoc,
Continuing 1 Short 0.5
School (CrFS) no. of alternatives NGO NGO
implemented
Enhanced/ New
Passage of regulation on agricultural No. of ordinances
LGU Ormoc, LGU Ormoc,
pesticides utilization and farm waste 3 Short passed and 0.1
NGO NGO
burning/disposal management imposed
Provision/acquisition of production and Continuing No. of units

post- harvest farm machineries and distributed NIA, PhilMec, DA- NIA, PhilMec,
Short
facilities (linkage to line agencies (INGO & RFO8 DA-RFO8
NGOs) 2 5
Improvement of Agri-Fishery Trading

LGU Ormoc, LGU Ormoc,
Center facilities for full utilization (cold
Enhanced/ New 3 Short DOLE, DTI, DA- DOLE, DTI,
storage, marketing information system,
RFO8 DA-RFO8
etc.) 6

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE
POSSIBLE
SOURCE OF
FUNDING
Above)
Establishment/construction of Total units

New 2 Short
warehouse/bodega and farm machinery shed established LGU Ormoc 1 LGU Ormoc
Subsidize scheme of farm machineries and

Total units LGU Ormoc,
facilities to organized and accredited Rural LGU Ormoc, NIA,
Enhanced Short distributed, no. of NIA, PhilMec,
Based Organization (RBO)/ service PhilMec, DA-RFO8
recipients DA-RFO8
providers 1 5
LGU Ormoc,
Strengthen and empower farmer LGU Ormoc, NIA,
Continuing Short No. of FIMCO NIA, PhilMec,
irrigators service association/cooperatives PhilMec, DA-RFO8
1 0.1 DA-RFO8
Provision of funds for the rehab &

New Short
expansion of irrigation services 3 LGU Ormoc
No. of ordinances
passed and LGU Ormoc,
Enhance/revisit irrigation service Continuing/ LGU Ormoc, NIA,
3 Short imposed, no. of 0.1 NIA, PhilMec,
operational management and guidelines Enhanced PhilMec, DA-RFO8
information drives DA-RFO8
implemented
No. of advisories LGU Ormoc, LGU Ormoc,

Localize climate/weather information
Continuing 1 Short issued DRRM Ormoc, 0.5 RWAN
services
PAGASA (NGO'S)

SECTOR: AGRICULTURE
POSSIBLE
SOURCE OF
FUNDING
Above)
LGU Ormoc, NIA, LGU Ormoc,

No. of maps
Creation of crop map and IT based PhilMec, DA- NIA, PhilMec,
New 1 Short produced/IT-based 1.5
monitoring system RFO8, IRRI, DA-RFO8, IRRI,
monitoring used
PhilRice PhilRice
SECTOR: TOURISM
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ IMPLEMENTATION
STATUS
ACTIVITIES PRIORITY PERIOD (Identify
(Identify
RANKING whether Short- INSTITUTIONS
whether this POSSIBLE
POLICIES (May include (Insert Term (1-3 Years), PERFORMANCE OR ESTIMATED
is continuing, SOURCE OF
ordinances, resolutions, results of Medium-Term (4-6 INDICATORS DEPARTMENTS COST
expanded, FUNDING
agreements, executive orders, Workshop Years), and Long- IN-CHARGE
enhanced, or
memorandums, etc.) (Insert 2) Term (7 Years and
new PPA)
results of Workshop 1) Above)
Conducted Cultural
Formulate Tourism Master Plan with Mapping with CCA
CMO, Tourism
climate change adaptation approaches NEW 1 SHORT TERM Approaches for basis of 2,000,000.00 General Fund
Office and CPDO
in the cultural mapping the Tourism Master
Plan

SECTOR: TOURISM
STATUS
(Identify
expanded, FUNDING
enhanced, or
new PPA)
Enacted City Ordinance

Formulate Tourism Code and IRR
for Tourism Code and
with climate change adaptation NEW 1 SHORT TERM SP 500,000.00 General Fund
its IRR with CCA vis--
approaches
vis Tourism Master Plan
Fully functional Ormoc

Establishment of tourism organization City Tourism Office CMO & Tourism
NEW 3 SHORT TERM 3,000,000.00 General Fund
structure and regulatory mechanism with competent Office
personnel
Formulate incentives/awards/project
grants for best practices of tourist
facilities, service providers, Created the IRR of the CMO & Tourism
practioners especially people's project Office
organization in grassroots-level with
CCA approaches
Identified Sports
Development of sports tourism: Complex and Created
CMO & Tourism
creation and/or indentification of NEW 3 SHORT TERM partnership with NGAs 3,000,000.00 General Fund
Office
sports complex (DepEd) and Private
Stakeholders
Support and development of Created Sports Program CMO and Sports

worldclass athletes - scholarship for the City Office

SECTOR: TOURISM
STATUS
(Identify
expanded, FUNDING
enhanced, or
new PPA)
Development of Lake Danao Natural Full implementation of

CMO, Tourism
Park (LNDP) Eco-Tourism with CCA CONTINUING 1 MEDIUM TERM the Eco-Tourism 10,000,000.00 General Fund
Office and CPDO
approaches Program of LNDP
Created linkages for

Conduct of CCA-Tourism
tourism promotions CMO & Tourism
promotions activities in coordination CONTINUING 3 SHORT TERM 1,000,000.00 General Fund
with private and public Office
with the private business groups
stakeholders
Establish regular transport to tourist

Procured service vehicle CMO & Tourism
sites; purchase of environmental- NEW 3 SHORT TERM 2,000,000.00 General Fund
for tourism support Office
friendly service vehicle
Protection policy for natural sites -

Created a policy to be
declaration as protected areas or CONTINUING 2 SHORT TERM SP 500,000.00 General Fund
enacted by the SP
heritage sites as CCA assessment
Formulation of controlled-relocation Created the masterplan

site, housing and livelihood program NEW 2 MEDIUM TERM for the housing site with CPDO 500,000.00 General Fund
for LNDP residents delienation points

SECTOR: TOURISM
STATUS
(Identify
expanded, FUNDING
enhanced, or
new PPA)
Development of greening program to

include regular activities on
treeplanting and clean up drive with Created annual program
CONTINUING 3 LONG TERM CMO & ENRD 500,000.00 General Fund
schools, barangays, business/civic of activities
organizations, commercial/industrial
companies
Created tourism
Formulate tourism marketing plan, marketing plan vis--vis
CMO & Tourism
product, branding and tour packages NEW 3 SHORT TERM the Tourism 500,000.00 General Fund
Office
with CCA approaches Development
Masterplan
Enacted City Ordinance

Institutionalize "No Plastic Use" policy
for "No Plastic Use" and
and No Segregation-No Collection NEW 1 LONG TERM SP & ENRD 500,000.00 General Fund
"No Segregation-No
Policy of Solid Waste Materials
Collection"

SECTOR: INDUSTRY & SERVICES
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ STATUS IMPLEMENTATION

PRIORITY
ACTIVITIES (Identify PERIOD (Identify
RANKING INSTITUTIONS
whether this whether Short- POSSIBLE
(Insert PERFORMANCE OR ESTIMATED
and is continuing, Term (1-3 Years), SOURCE OF
results of INDICATORS DEPARTMENTS COST
expanded, Medium-Term (4-6 FUNDING
Workshop IN-CHARGE
enhanced, or Years), and Long-
POLICIES (Insert results of 2)
new PPA) Term (7 Years and
Workshop 1)
Above)
Assist MSMEs to access capital Provided technical

General Fund,
sources for new CCA technology ENHANCED 2 MEDIUM TERM assistance and soft loans DTI & BPLO 3,000,000.00
DTI
adaptation in their business to registered MSMEs
Formulate Business Continuity Plan Created the City's BCP CMO, DTI & General Fund,
NEW 1 LONG TERM 500,000.00
with CCA approaches with CCA approaches BPLO DTI & NGOs
Formulate rules & regulations for

Created the IRR for
industry employment system (policy CMO, DOLE, DTI
ENHANCED 2 LONG TERM industry employment 500,000.00 General Fund
agreement with industry employers & & BPLO
system
employees)
Provision of training/capability Provided the needed

development to improve skill and ENHANCED 2 MEDIUM TERM training/capability DOST, DTI, BPLO 500,000.00 General Fund
product quality development
Capability building training to

Provided the needed
community and service providers &
NEW 2 MEDIUM TERM training/capability DOST, DTI, BPLO 1,000,000.00 General Fund
livelihood program with CCA
development
approaches

STATUS
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ PRIORITY IMPLEMENTATION
(Identify
ACTIVITIES (Specific actions RANKING PERIOD (Identify INSTITUTIONS
addressing specific needs) (Insert whether Short- PERFORMANCE OR ESTIMATED
results of Term (1-3 Years), INDICATORS DEPARTMENTS COST
expanded, FUNDING
And POLICIES Workshop Medium-Term (4-6 IN-CHARGE
enhanced, or
2) Years), and Long-
(Insert results of Workshop 1) new PPA)
Term (7 Years and
Above)
Conducted workshop of
CMO, CPDO,
Integration of DRRM-CCA to CLUP NEW 1 SHORT TERM DRRM-CCA to CLUP 500,000.00 General Fund
DRRMO
integration
Enacted Ormoc City

Creation of the City Environmental
NEW 1 SHORT TERM Environmental Code SP 500,000.00 General Fund
Code
with CCA approaches
Explore possibility in creating a

specific division in DRRM Office that
Created CCA Division
focuses on CCA (Draft EO
NEW 1 SHORT TERM with competent CMO 1,000,000.00 General Fund
designating CCA Team with capable
manpower complement
personnel to coordinate, evaluate the
implementation of LCCAP)
Downscaling of climate change

Available database of
projection data for Ormoc City
NEW 1 SHORT TERM local climate data for DRRMO & CPDO 500,000.00 General Fund
(Write an official letter to PAGASA
reference use
Climate Information Division)

STATUS
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ PRIORITY IMPLEMENTATION
(Identify
ACTIVITIES (Specific actions RANKING PERIOD (Identify INSTITUTIONS
addressing specific needs) (Insert whether Short- PERFORMANCE OR ESTIMATED
results of Term (1-3 Years), INDICATORS DEPARTMENTS COST
expanded, FUNDING
And POLICIES Workshop Medium-Term (4-6 IN-CHARGE
enhanced, or
2) Years), and Long-
(Insert results of Workshop 1) new PPA)
Term (7 Years and
Above)
DRRM-CCA experts
Organizing of pool of experts to
available to conduct CMO, CPDO,
provide DRRM-CCA technical NEW 2 SHORT TERM 1,000,000.00 General Fund
technical assistance to DRRMO & LIGA
assistance to barangay level
110 barangays
Implementation of
CMO, CSWDO,
Community
Community Development of CPDO, CHU, General Fund
NEW 2 SHORT TERM Development Program 6,000,000.00
Resettlement Areas CEO, CAO, ENRD & NGA Funds
in two (2) identified
AND DRRMO
Resettlement Areas
Creation of a City CCA-Disaster

Created a team for the CMO, DRRMO &
Needs Assessment Team and ENHANCED 2 SHORT TERM 1,000,000.00 General Fund
program implementation CPDO
establishing mobilization techniques

SECTOR: ENVIRONMENT (SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT)
PROGRAMS/PROJECTS/ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTATION
Status PRIORITY
(specifications addressing specific PERIOD (identify
(identify RANKING
needs) and whether Short-Term) INSTITUTIONS/SECTORS OR POSSIBLE
whether this (insert PERFORMANCE ESTIMATED
(1-3years), medium DEPARTMENTS INVOLVED/ SOURCES OF
is results of INDICATORS COST (PHP)
POLICIES continuing, workshop
term (4-6 years), and IN-CHARGE FUNDING
long term (7yrs and
expanded, 2)
(insert result of Worshop 1) above)
enhanced of
new PPA)
(1.) formulation
of local solid
waste
ENFORCEMENT BASED ON LAWS & ;
management LGU funds,
ORDINANCE AND LAWS ADOPTING RA continuing 1 long term LGU(GSD, ENRD, PAIAD, SP)
ordinance. NGO's, INGO's
9003; IEC ON SWM
(2.)improved
disposal, reuse
and recycling
LGU
development
working and
fund,
REHABILITATION OF MRF BUILDING new 3 short term effective MRF LGU (CEO, GSD) 3M
BUB/national
building
agencies,
NGO's/INGO's

LGU DF
proper
PURCHASE OF HEAVY EQUIPMENTS FOR BUB/national
continuing 2 short term maintenance and LGU (GSD) 45M
SANITARY LANDFILL agencies,
operation of SLF
NGO's/INGO's
CONSTRUCTION OF ANOTHER SANITARY constructed SLF

new 1 medium term LGU (CEO, GSD, CPDO) 40M LGU
LANDFILL CELL SITE cell site
SECTOR: ENVIRONMENT (ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION)

IMPLEMENTATIO
INSTITUTIO
Status (identify N PERIOD (identify
NS/SECTOR
whether this is PRIORITY whether Short- POSSIBLE
PROGRAMS/PROJECTS/ACT S OR ESTIMAT
continuing, RANKING Term) (1-3years), PERFORMANCE SOURCES
IVITIES and POLICIES (insert DEPARTME ED COST
expanded, (insert results of medium term (4-6 INDICATORS OF
result of Worshop 1) NTS (PHP)
enhanced of new workshop 2) years), and long FUNDING
INVOLVED/
PPA) term (7yrs and
IN-CHARGE
above)
LGU (ENRD), LGU,

Establishment of watershed
DENR, NGO'S, BUB/national
reforestation project for rehabilitated and sustained
continuing 2 long term INGO's, 5M agencies,
Pagsangaan watershed and other watershed
LOCAL NGO's/ING
watershed areas
INDUSTRIES O's
LGU (ENRD), LGU,

DENR, NGO'S, BUB/national
rehabilitated and sustained
Mangrove reforestation continuing 1 long term INGO's, 5M agencies,
mangrove area
LOCAL NGO's/ING
INDUSTRIES O's

IMPLEMENTATIO
INSTITUTIO
NS/SECTOR
INVOLVED/
PPA) term (7yrs and
IN-CHARGE
above)
Regular sampling and

documentation water ways
(1) water quality at water

bodies satisfies standards
set by law (2) movement of LGU, NGA
Relocation of illegal settlers along settlers from (DSWD,
continuing 3 long term ??? LGU, NGA
riverbanks & coastal areas riverbanks/coastal DENR, EMB,
areas/danger zones to PNP)
reolcation site or to
conducive communities
LGU(SP,
Agriculture,
Creation of City Forest Land Use (1) established forest land
ENRD,
Plan, establishment of watershed new 3 short term use plan and watershed 5M LGU funds
Assessors,
areas and declaration of the same areas
CPDO, CEO),
NGA's
(1) improvement of water LGU (ENRD,

LGU funds,
Strengthening sewerage and quality of water bodies of CHO, CPDO,
continuing 1 long term 30M NGO's,
septage programs the city (2) 100% of city CEO, CMO,
INGO's
HH catered SP)

IMPLEMENTATIO
INSTITUTIO
NS/SECTOR
INVOLVED/
PPA) term (7yrs and
IN-CHARGE
above)
(1) application of
environmental friendly
technology to building
design and urban planning
(2) creation of local laws LGU (ENRD,
Inclusion of green architecture &
and ordinances for the CHO, CPDO,
technology in building design and enhanced 2 long term ? LGU
adaptaion of climate CEO, CMO,
urban planning
change related building SP)
design and policies to new
developments
(1) regulated quarrying (2)

rehabilitated rivers systems LGU( ENRD,
Policy issuances & legislations on
new 3 long term and quarry sites CMO, SP, ? LGU funds
quarrying
CEO), NGA

SECTOR: PHYSICAL
IMPLEMENTAT
STATUS ION PERIOD
(Identify (Identify
PRIORITY
whether whether Short-
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ ACTIVITIES RANKING INSTITUTIONS POSSIBLE
this is Term (1-3
and POLICIES (May include ordinances, (Insert PERFORMANCE OR ESTIMATE SOURCE
continuing Years), Medium-
resolutions, agreements, executive results of INDICATORS DEPARTMENT D COST OF
,expanded, Term (4-6
orders, memorandums, etc.) Workshop S IN-CHARGE FUNDING
enhanced, Years), and
2)
or new Long-Term (7
PPA) Years and
Above)
WATER
No. of additional production

Additional 5-Production Wells @ Brgys
wells operating; increased
Donghol, District 28, Brgy. Simangan, Brgy. Expanded 1 Medium-Term ORWASA 25,000,000.0 Local Fund
water volume to cope with
Liloan 0
increased water demand
Proposed additional Filtration Clarifier @

Expanded 1 Long-Term ORWASA 55,000,000.0 Local Fund
Brgy. San Pablo and Ahag river
Reduced turbidity in water 0
supply during heavy rain
Rehabilitation of existing Ahag Filtration
Enhanced 1 Short-term ORWASA Local Fund
gallery 5,000,000.00
Installation of flow meter to monitor the

New PPA 2 Short-term Water extraction monitored ORWASA Local Fund
volume of ground water extracted 2,500,000.00
Conduct of tree planting and tree growing in No. of live trees grown; ORWASA, ENRD,
New PPA 3 Short-term
the Ahag watershed area watershed area reforested EDC, CAO

SECTOR: PHYSICAL
IMPLEMENTAT
STATUS ION PERIOD
(Identify (Identify
PRIORITY
this is Term (1-3
2)
or new Long-Term (7
PPA) Years and
Above)
Networking and linkaging with NGO partners

in identifying adaptation and mitigation ORWASA, LGU,
New PPA 3 Medium-Term
measures for urban heat and increased Barangays
temperature
Coordination with DOST in monitoring the

volume of water if there is potential rain and
anticipating typhoons by estimating the
New PPA 3 Medium-Term ORWASA, DOST
volume of water in rain clouds with the use of
its Doppler Radar and Sypnotic Station (upon
establishment )
Coordination with DOST for the use of its

Automatic Weather Stations (AWS),
ORWASA, DOST,
Automated Rain Gauges (ARG), Water Level New PPA 2 Medium-Term
PAG-ASA
Sensors (WLS) in monitoring potential
hazards
Emergency tools and equipment in times of Response capacity improved

disaster (generator set, backhoe, water truck (power backup, debris
(10T) ) hauling, emergency water
supply)

SECTOR: PHYSICAL
IMPLEMENTAT
STATUS ION PERIOD
(Identify (Identify
PRIORITY
this is Term (1-3
2)
or new Long-Term (7
PPA) Years and
Above)
Study on implementation
Formulation of TWG to study New PPA 1 Short - term ORWASA, OBO
of rainwater harvesting in
rainwater harvesting system
city-owned buildings
Establishment of Rainwater
Harvesting in City Hall, CDRRMO,
climate - resilient evacuation Volume of rainwater
New PPA 1 Long - term CDRRMO
center and 3 in 1 centers collected and reused
Information Education campaign (IEC) and

ORWASA, LGU,
advocacy for rainwater harvesting with the New PPA 3 Medium-Term
Barangays
private sector
Have Universities conduct Study on how to conserve

a study on use of water in Ormoc New PPA 1 short - term ORWASA
water in Ormoc
Inventory of water use:
categorize commercial,
residential and industrial in Appropriate rates set for
detail New PPA 1 short - term water use by commercial and ORWASA
industrial users

SECTOR: PHYSICAL
IMPLEMENTAT
STATUS ION PERIOD
(Identify (Identify
PRIORITY
this is Term (1-3
2)
or new Long-Term (7
PPA) Years and
Above)
Monitoring of carwash and

laundry shops, piggeries and New PPA 1 short - term Reduction in water use ORWASA
live stock
Increase capacity of water
Reduction in non-revenue
personnel and city personnel Expanded 2 Long - term ORWASA
water
to reduce non-revenue water
Invite Be Secure to conduct WaterAudit New PPA 1 Short - term Increased knowledge of water ORWASA
Orientation personnel on water audit
Review the implementation

Compliance to regulation on
of ordinance in ground water Expanded 2 Short - term ORWASA
water extraction
extracting and drilling
Sustainable provision of safe

Rate increase Enhanced 1 Short - term ORWASA
and clean water supply
Orientation on Green Bldg. Code Adoption/ implementation of

New PPA 1 Short - term OBO
Standards GBC standards
POWER

SECTOR: PHYSICAL
IMPLEMENTAT
STATUS ION PERIOD
(Identify (Identify
PRIORITY
this is Term (1-3
2)
or new Long-Term (7
PPA) Years and
Above)
Encourage use of renewable energy through Passage of Renewable Energy

an ordinance providing incentives Ordinance
Prohibition of wooden post used for electric

and communication utilities through ordinance
TRANSPORTATION
Strict implementation of Clean Air Act
FLOODING AND DRAINAGE
De-clogging of drainage and other man-made Enhanced 2 Short-term CEO, DPWH 2,000,000
canals
Dredging of the rivers with the FMC (Flood

New PPA 3 Short-term DPWH
Mitigation Council)

SECTOR: PHYSICAL
IMPLEMENTAT
STATUS ION PERIOD
(Identify (Identify
PRIORITY
this is Term (1-3
2)
or new Long-Term (7
PPA) Years and
Above)
Require raising the elevation of residential

structures and other community facilities to
safer elevations in flood prone and sea-level-
rise prone areas

SECTOR: HEALTH
STATUS IMPLEMENTATION
PRIORITY
(Identify PERIOD (Identify
RANKING
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ whether this is whether Short-Term INSTITUTIONS POSSIBLE
(Insert PERFORMANCE ESTIMATED
ACTIVITIES and POLICIES continuing, (1-3 Years), Medium- OR SOURCE OF
results of INDICATORS COST (PHP)
expanded, Term (4-6 Years), DEPARTMENTS FUNDING
Workshop
enhanced, or and Long-Term(7 IN-CHARGE
2)
new PPA) Years and Above)
Reduced morbidity and

mortality for food borne,
water borne and vector
1. Provision of drugs and medicines borne diseases that is
for disease surveillance and outbreak attributed to climate change
response (heavy & extreme rainfall,
CITY HEALTH
2.Provision of other logistics, ENHANCED 3 MEDIUM TERM dry season) 600,000 LGU
DEPT.
materials and supplies Established monitoring of
3. Capability building for disease emerging and reemerging
surveillance and outbreak response diseases related to climate
change through the CESU
(City Epidemiology
andSurveillance Unit)
Procurement of other toilet NEW PPA 1 Reduction of morbidity &
construction materials (steel bars, mortality due to water
cement, sand & gravel) (Note: Basic borne diseases (diarrhea, CITY HEALTH
SHORT TERM 10,000,000 LGU
toilet materials already in the LGU amoeba typhoid) and DEPT.
budget) parasitic infections.
Lobby for formulation of an ENHANCED 2 Empowered, capacitated

ordinance institutionalizing HEMS at and resilient communities in
barangay level adaptation to changing
Capability building of brgy. Officials, climates and vulnerabilities.
community leaders and other Established monitoring of
CITY HEALTH
volunteers. SHORT TERM Basic HEMS at the barangay 900,000 LGU
DEPT.
Provision of health sector level through the City
communication equipment Health Dept. HEMS office.
Procurement of Transport vehicle
during emergency ( type B
ambulance)

SECTOR: HOUSING
STATUS
(Identify PRIORIT IMPLEMENTATION
whether Y PERIOD (Identify INSTITUTION
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ this is RANKIN whether Short-Term S OR POSSIBLE
PERFORMANCE ESTIMATED SOURCE
ACTIVITIES and POLICIES continuing, G (Insert (1-3 Years), Medium- DEPARTMEN
INDICATORS COST OF
(Insert results of Workshop 1) expanded, results of Term (4-6 Years), TS IN- FUNDING
enhanced, Worksh and Long-Term(7 CHARGE
or new op 2) Years and Above)
PPA)
IDENTIFICATION OF ADEQUATE Number of lots and hectares
LOTS FREE FROM LIENS AND identified for housing
ENCUMBRANCES.
*Secure list of potential sites from
NEW PPA 1 SHORT TERM CPDO AND 500,000,000 LGU
the CPDO and Assessor's Office.
ASSESSOR
*Perform records or documents
analysis of potential sites to
establish its legal status in order to
come up with a short list of suitable
sites.
*Final inventory.
*Inspection of sites included in the
shortlist to validate its suitability.
Provision of road networks in Number of households in

resettlement sites resettlement sites:
*Provision of solid waste serviced by access road CEO
management. NEW PPA
practicing segregation SWM
*Provision of potable water 1 MEDIUM TERM LGU
with access to potable water ORWASA
*Provision of power supply LEYECO
*Provision of drainage system. with power supply
serviced by drainage system

SECTOR: HOUSING
STATUS
(Identify PRIORIT IMPLEMENTATION
whether Y PERIOD (Identify INSTITUTION
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ this is RANKIN whether Short-Term S OR POSSIBLE
PERFORMANCE ESTIMATED SOURCE
ACTIVITIES and POLICIES continuing, G (Insert (1-3 Years), Medium- DEPARTMEN
INDICATORS COST OF
(Insert results of Workshop 1) expanded, results of Term (4-6 Years), TS IN- FUNDING
enhanced, Worksh and Long-Term(7 CHARGE
or new op 2) Years and Above)
PPA)
Number of beneficiaries provided
CAPABILITY BUILDING ON skills training in agriculture and
LIVELIHOOD AND aquaculture
EMPLOYMENT GENERATION Number of beneficiaries provided
FOR RESETTLEMENT AREAS. NEW PPA 2 MEDIUM TERM financial assistance for livelihood TOURISM 10,000,000 LGU DF
*Conduct Basic Skills Training on projects
Agri-Aqua Livelihood Projects.
*Grant of financial assistance for
livelihood projects.
Convene Local Housing Board

to formulate policies and
guidelines and endorsing City Omnibus Housing Act
approval of Ormoc City approved by SP
Omnibus Housing Act to the NEW PPA 3 SHORT TERM Local Housing and Resettlement SP, LHB 100,000.00 LGU DF
Sangguniang Panlungsod. Office created
*Review of all existing City
Executive Orders and
Ordinances related to housing
programs

SECTOR: SOCIAL SERVICES
STATUS PRIORIT IMPLEMENTATIO
(Identify Y N PERIOD (Identify
whether RANKIN whether Short-
PROGRAMS/ PROJECTS/ this is G (Insert Term (1-3 Years), INSTITUTION
continuing, results of Medium-Term (4-6 POSSIBLE
ACTIVITIES and PERFORMANCE S OR ESTIMATED
expanded, Worksho Years), and Long- SOURCE OF
POLICIES INDICATORS DEPARTMENT COST
enhanced, p 2) Term(7 Years and FUNDING
S IN-CHARGE
or new Above)
PPA)
Livelihood development program

Number of beneficiaries
and skills training development for
NEW PPA 4 SHORT TERM provided skills training CSWD
marginalized sector affected by
climate change
Renovation of Social Development

Center for Children & Youth
Number of social service
(SDCCY) for boys and Lingap
Enhanced 4 MEDIUM TERM facilities made typhoon- CSWD
Center for girls and other Facilities resilient
of CSWD such as 6 district offices
for typhoon resiliency

Annexes :
A. Executive Order No. 42, Series 2016
Creating the LCCAP Core Group

U.S. Agency for International Development/Country
Office Address Optional
www. usaid.gov

Ormoc Usaid Lccap - Full Draft Edited Version3

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ORMOC CITY

Formulated thru technical assistance from Us AID-Be Secure Project

Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan Technical Working Group

Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan i

2.1 CLIMATE TRENDS AND PROJECTIONS.... 14

3.1 FOOD SECURITY.... 67

3.2 WATER SUFFICIENCY.... 67

3.3 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY. 68

3.4 HUMAN SECURITY..... 68

3.5 CLIMATE SMART INDUSTRIES & SERVICES. 69

Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan ii

4.1 ACTIONS ACCORDING TO NATIONAL PRIORITY 71

4.1.1 FOOD SECURITY (AGRICULTURE & FISHERIES)...... 71

4.1.2 WATER SUFFICIENCY 72

4.1.3 ECOLOGICAL & ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY.. 73

4.1.4 HUMAN SECURITY. 74

4.1.5 CLIMATE-SMART INDUSTRIES & SERVICES. 75

4.1.6 SUSTAINABLE ENERGY.. 76

4.17 KNOWLEDGE AND CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT... 76

4.2 INTEGRATED, AREA-BASED APPROACH FOR CLIMATE HOTSPOTS. 77

5. IMPLEMENTATION, MONITORING AND EVALUATION.. 78

5.1 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP FOR IMPLEMENTATION. 78

5.2 MONITORING AND EVALUATION 78

EXECUTIVE ORDER CREATING THE LCCAP TWG

Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan iii

TABLE 2 PROJECTED INCREASE IN MEAN TEMPERATURE FOR LEYTE ................................................... 16

TABLE 3 PROJECTED INCREASE IN MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR LEYTE .......................................... 16

TABLE 4 PROJECTED INCREASE IN MINIMUM TEMPERATURE FOR LEYTE ............................................ 16

TABLE 5 PROJECTED CHANGES IN RAINFALL FOR LEYTE .......................................................................... 19

TABLE 6 BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOOD ............................................................................................. 24

TABLE 7 BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO LANDSLIDES CAUSED BY HEAVY RAINFALL ..................... 25

TABLE 8 BARANGAYS SUSCEPTIBLE TO STORM SURGES (YOLANDA SCENARIO) ........................... 26

TABLE 9. CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND ELEMENTS EXPOSED -

TABLE 11 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND IMPACTS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS -

TABLE 12 INVENTORY OF CORAL REEFS IN ORMOC CITY, 2012............................................................. 45

TABLE 16 EXISTING LOCAL HERITAGE SITES .................................................................................................... 60

TABLE 17 INVENTORY OF TOURIST ATTRACTIONS IN ORMOC CITY, 2015 ...................................... 60

TABLE 18 CLIMATE RELATED HAZARDS AND EXPOSED ELEMENTS - INFRASTRUCTURE............. 62

TABLE 19 ROADS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS ..................................................................................................... 63

TABLE 20 SCHOOLS IN FLOOD-PRONE AREAS ............................................................................................... 64

TABLE 21 SCHOOLS IN LANDSLIDE-PRONE AREAS ....................................................................................... 64

TABLE 22 PROPOSED MONITORING AND EVALUATION MATRIX ......................................................... 79

TABLE 23 EXAMPLES OF PERFORMANCE CRITERIA AND INDICATORS ................................................ 80

Ormoc Local Climate Change Action Plan iv

FIGURE 2 MUNICIPAL BOUNDARIES OF ORMOC CITY .................................................................................. 4

FIGURE 3 ORMOC POPULATION DISTRIBUTION MAP ................................................................................... 5

FIGURE 4 VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 12

FIGURE 5 OBSERVED MEAN TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES (1951-2010)

FIGURE 6 OBSERVED MEAN ANNUAL MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE

FIGURE 7 OBSERVED MEAN ANNUAL MINIMUM TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES IN THE PHILIPPINES.

FIGURE 8 MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN LEYTE ................................................................................... 17

FIGURE 9 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN ........ 17

FIGURE 10 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION FOR MEAN DAILY

FIGURE 11 TEMPERATURE PROJECTIONS: MONTHLY MEAN TEMPERATURE IN TACLOBAN BY

FIGURE 12 TRENDS IN THE EXTREME RAINFALL INTENSITY PHILIPPINES (1951-2008) .................... 18

FIGURE 13 TRENDS IN THE FREQUENCY OF EXTREME DAILY RAINFALL IN THE PHILIPPINES

FIGURE 14 BASELINE AND PROJECTED ANNUAL TOTAL PRECIPITATION IN TACLOBAN .......... 19

FIGURE 15 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION IN TACLOBAN ................................................................................ 20

FIGURE 16 FREQUENCY OF PRECIPITATION OCCURENCES IN TACLOBAN ...................................... 20

FIGURE 17 ANNUAL FREQUENCY OF TROPICAL CYCLONES ................................................................... 21

FIGURE 19 SEA LEVEL TRENDS (MM/YR) .............................................................................................................. 22

FIGURE 20 BARANGAY LAO ..................................................................................................................................... 22

FIGURE 21 BARANGAY DANAO ............................................................................................................................. 22

FIGURE 22 FLOOD SUSCEPTIBILITY MAP (WITH GOVERNMENT OFFICES) .......................................... 24