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WAPCOS LTD.
CLIENT
(DMRC)
This design report consists of the design of Clear Water Reservoir at Kalindi Kunj being
constructed as part of the project Integration of Water Supply Scheme in Line 7 and Line 8.
Excel sheets have been used for design of components walls and foundations based on
Limit State Design as per provisions of IS 456 -2000 and IS 3370 - 2009 (Part 2).
Page 1
DESIGN BASIS
Concrete grade: M 30
Slabs : 20 mm
Walls : 30 Mm
Beams : 30 mm
Columns : 40 mm
Foundations : 50 mm
Water retaining structures have been designed on Limit State design as per clause 4.4 of
IS 3370 2009 (Part 2). It states that the maximum calculated surface width of cracks for
direct tension and flexure shall not exceed 0.2 mm with specified cover. Crack widths have
been calculated as per the methods given in Annexure B of IS 3370 2009 (Part 2).
As per IS 6067 1983 (Functional requirements for Water Tender for Fire Brigade use),
gross vehicle weight of Fire Tender is 15 Ton including weight of crew, water and equipment
(Page attached)
Considering the above, surcharge of 0.8 m of equivalent earth fill (= 18 x 0.8 = 14.4 kN/sqm)
has been considered in design.
Page 2
IRC:6-2014
212.5 The overturning effect of the centrifugal force on the structure as a whole shall also
be duly considered.
213 BUOYANCY
213.1 In the design of abutments, especially those of submersible bridges, the effects of
buoyancy shall also be considered assuming that the fill behind the abutments has been
removed by scour.
213.2 To allow for full buoyancy, a reduction shall be made in the gross weight of the
member affected by reducing its density by the density of the displaced water.
2) For artesian condition, HFL or actual water head, whichever is higher, shall be
considered for calculating the uplift.
213.3 In the design of submerged masonry or concrete structures, the buoyancy effect
through pore pressure may be limited to 15 percent of full buoyancy.
213.4 In case of submersible bridges, the full buoyancy effect on the superstructure shall
be taken into consideration.
214.2 Reinforced concrete approach slab with 12 mm dia 150 mm c/c in each direction
both at top and bottom as reinforcement in M30 grade concrete covering the entire width of
the roadway, with one end resting on the structure designed to retain earth and extending for
a length of not less than 3.5 m into the approach shall be provided.
214.3 All designs shall provide for the thorough drainage of backfilling materials by means
of weep holes and crushed rock or gravel drains, or pipe drains, or perforated drains.
214.4 The pressure of submerged soils (not provided with drainage arrangements) shall
be considered as made up of two components:
a) Pressure due to the earth calculated in accordance with the method laid down
in Clause 214.1 the , unit weight of earth being reduced for buoyancy, and
41
Page 3
Appendix G
(i) In general, the minimum width of the accessway shall be Accessway sizes
6m wide and the minimum length shall be 15m long.
Diagram A shows the relationship between the
accessway and parked fire engine with its front and rear
jacks extended
G1
Page 4
Diagram A
5384mm
Wheel Spacing
G2
Page 5
IS : 6067 - 1983
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard lays down the requirements regarding material,
design, construction, workmanship and finish, accessories and equipment
of water tender type X for fire brigade use.
2. GENERAL REQUIREMENT
2.3 The appliances shall be capable of performing all normal fire fighting
operations in various forms under requiring water pressure.
Accordingly, Gross Bearing Capacity has been taken as = 79.2 + 10 x 1 = 89.2 kN/sqm
Since pressure under the walls is exceeding the gross bearing capacity of soil, it was decided
to provide the piles.
Capacity of piles = 16 Ton = 160 kN (Refer next section for detailed calculations)
Total width of footing = 3.9 m (Wall W1) and 4.7 m (Wall W2)
Centre to center spacing of piles = 3.2 m
Effective area of two piles = 3.9 m x 3.2 m / 4.7 m x 3.2 m
Load on effective area for wall W1 = 0.5 x (72.25 + 153.6) x 3.9 x 3.2 = 1409.3 kN
(Refer design of footing for Wall W1 for pressures)
Load carried by piles = 160 x 2 = 320 kN
Balance load on earth = 1409.3 320 = 1089.3 kN
Effective pressure on earth = 1089.3 / 3.9 / 3.2 = 87.3 kN/sqm < Gross SBC 89.2 kN/sqm
Hence OK.
Load on effective area for wall W2 = 0.5 x (101.67 + 97.26) x 4.7x 3.2 = 1496.0 kN
(Refer design of footing for Wall W2 for pressures)
Load carried by piles = 160 x 2 = 320 kN
Balance load on earth = 1496.0 320 = 1176.0 kN
Effective pressure on earth = 1176.0 / 4.7 / 3.2 = 78.2 kN/sqm < Gross SBC 89.2 kN/sqm
Hence OK.
Page 7
Calculating Capacity of Piles as per IS 2911 - 2010 Part 1, Section 2
Page 8
CALCULATIONOFSAFEBEARINGCAPACITYOFPILESFORPROPOSEDMETRODEPOTATKALINDIKUNJ
DATAFROMTHEGEOTECHNICALINVESTIGATIONREPORT
1stsoillayerGL.to2.75m.(Clayeysiltyclayoflowplasticity(SC))
c=0.5t/sqm,=31,Density,=1.00t/cum(submerged)
2ndSoillayer2.75mto20.5m(Poorlygradedfinetomediumsand)
C=0.0t/sqm,=33,Density=1.00t/cum(submerged)
Sincethepileisrestingonthe2ndsoillayer.thecalculationparameterforendresistanceofpileisasunder
Diaofpile,D 0.4 m
Thecutofflevelofpile2.0mbelowthegroundlevelandhencethicknessof1stlayerofstrataeffective
lengthwillbe0.75mandsecondlayerofstrataeffectivelengthwillbe4.25mforapilelengthof7m
Effective Length of pile 5m
ForGranularSoils
ForCohesiveSoils
Ap=crosssectionalareaofpiletip,inm2; 0.1256
D=diameterofpileshaft,inm; 0.4
10 FromGeotechreport
=effectiveunitweightofthesoilatpiletip,inKN/cum
N=bearingcapacityfactor 37.78 FromIS6403
Nq=bearingcapacityfactor 35 FromIS2011.1.2.2010
PD=effectiveoverburdenpressureatpiletip, 60 FromIS2011.1.2.2010
Ki=coefficientofearthpressureapplicablefortheithlayer 1 FromGeotechreport
PDi=effectiveoverburdenpressurefortheithlayer 42.5
=angleofwallfrictionbetweenpileandsoilfortheith 33 FromGeotechreport
layer
Tan 0.6494
As2=surfaceareaofpileshaftinthe2ndlayer, 5.338
As1=surfaceareaofpileshaftinthe1stlayer, 0.942
Nc=bearingcapacityfactor 9 FromGeotechreport
cp=averagecohesionatpiletip,inkN/m2 5 FromGeotechreport
ai=adhesionfactorfortheithlayerdependingonthe FromGeotechreport
0.3
consistencyofsoil
ci=averagecohesionfortheithlayer,inkN/m2 5 FromGeotechreport
UltimateLoadcapacityinCohesive1stlayer= 7.07
UltimateLoadcapacityinGranularSoil2ndlayer= 420.58
TotalUltimateloadcapacity(Qu)ofpiles,inKN,= 427.64
Usingfactorofsafety,2.5forarrivingatsafebearingcapacity
Thus,SafeBearingcapacity,inKN= 171.06
Assumedworkingcapacityofthepile(Tobeverifiedbyloadtest)= 160KN
Page 9
REFERENCES CODES AND STANDARDS
IS 875 - 1987:- Code of practice for design loads for building & structures (part I to part IV)
IS 13920 - 1993:- Code of practice for ductile detailing for reinforced concrete structures
subjected to seismic forces
IS 3370 - Part 1: 2009:- Code of practice for concrete structure for the storage of Liquids
(General Requirements)
IS 3370 - Part 2: 2009:- Code of practice for concrete structure for the storage of Liquids
(Reinforced concrete structure)
IS 3370 - Part4: 1967:- Code of practice for concrete structure for the storage of Liquids
(Design Tables)
Page 10
DESIGN METHODOLOGY
Page 11
4.2. These coefficients are then multiplied by multiplier. Multiplier = k x x H3
for cantilever and three edges fixed wall and k x x H x h2 for horizontal
spanning wall.
4.3. The multiplier is multiplied with coefficient to calculate the vertical bending
moment.
4.4. Additional moments due to walkway etc. are added to the vertical
moments.
4.5. Then it is checked whether any direct tension due to suspended slab
bottom is there or not. If yes, then modified vertical moments are
calculated.
4.6. Reinforcement is calculated for modified moments and direct tension.
Calculated reinforcement is compared with minimum reinforcement as per
IS 3370-2009.
5. Horizontal moments :
5.1. Coefficient for horizontal moment as per IS code
i. For cantilever wall, coefficients = 0.
ii. For horizontal spanning wall, coefficient = 1/12 at edge and 1/16 at
mid span.
iii. For three edges fixed wall, the coefficients are taken from IS 3370
Part IV.
5.2. These coefficients are then multiplied by multiplier. Multiplier = k x x H3
for three edges fixed and horizontal spanning wall and 0 for cantilever wall.
Page 12
6.2. Reinforcement and thickness are assumed and crack width is calculated to
be less than permissible crack width. Stress in reinforcement is limited to
0.8 fy.
Page 13
DESIGN OF WALLS
Page 14
DESIGN OF WALL W1 Location: Outer Wall
DESIGN DATA
TOF=Topofrespectivefill
HOF=Heightofrespectivefill DesignHOFa=MaxofboththeHOFs
Height of wall from BOF (m) = 7.50 Design Height of Wall (m) = 7.50
Height of wall from BOW (m) = 7.50
Momentredistribution/DirecttensionisoptionalandsubjecttosameBOW&HOFforbothwalls
Adjoiningwalltowardsthefillwillcausedirecttensioninthiswall
Adjoiningwallawayfromfillwillcausedirectcompressioninthiswall
AdditionalDLonwalkwayasaboveexcludesSelfweight
TLoad=TotalLoad/m2= (25*Th/1000)+AddlDL+LL
WalkwayonFill2sidewillcausemomentonFill1sideandviceversa
Walkwaymoment=TLoad*Width^2/2
MomentonFill1facemeansmomentcausestensiononfill1faceandviceversa
Totaladditionalmoment=Walkwaymoment+Additionalmoment
Page 15
Shearattheedgeofsuspendedslabwillappearasdirecttensioninwallinverticaldirection
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedfortheabovevaluesofdia,spacings,effectivecoverc'
andcr
Revisedvalueofkiscalculatedforfill1orfill2,asrequiredtoequalizetheheightofbothfills.
Valueofk'forearthisfurherrevisedtotakeintoaccounttheeffectofwatertable,ifapplicable
k' c w s c' cr
Fill Type
mm mm mm mm mm mm
Fill 1 Water 1.000 45 16 0.2 250 53 127.77
Fill 2 Earth 0.250 30 16 0.2 250 38 122.65
Page 16
CASE 1 FILL 1 ACTING ; FILL 2 NOT ACTING
ProppedCantileverWall
Momentcoefficientatbottom=1/15 atmidheight=1/32
Momentcoefficientsassumedtobesameatedge,quarterpointandmidpoint
Multiplier=k'**HOF^3
forFill1(kN/m )= 10.5
3
k'forFill1= 1.000
Respectivecoefficientsaremultipliedbymultipliertogetvaluesofbendingmoment
NegativemomentsimpliestensionfaceisFill1
TotalmomentonFill1face=MaximumoftheveBMatareferenceheight+Addlmoments,ifany
TotalmomentonFill2face=Maximumofthe+veBMatareferenceheight+Addlmoments,ifany
Directtension(T)actinginverticaldirection,ifanyisduetosuspendedslab.ReferDesignData
Directtension(T)fromsuspendedslabisassumedtoactforadistanceof1/4thofheightoffill.
ModifiedmomentsarecalculatedforFill1facetocheckwhetherthesectionisintensionorbending.
Thisisrequiredbecausecrackwidthcalculationformulaearedifferenceforthesetwocases.
NochangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
ChangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
Modifiedmomentiscalculatedbytransferringdirecttensiontotensileface(Fill1face)
D=Overallthickness d=Effectivedepth=Dc'
d0.5*D=Distanceoftensilereinffromcentreofsection
ModifiedmomentM1= TotalmomentT*(d0.5*D)
MinimumreinforcementhasbeenbeencalculatedaspertheprovisionsofIS3370Part22009
Page 17
Total Moments M Modified moments M1
(unfactored) (unfactored)
Ht from Provided Section in
Direct
bottom of Fill 1 Fill 2 thickness d - 0.5*D Fill 1 Tension / Min Reinf
Tension T
wall D Bending
2
m kN-m/m kN-m/m mm kN/m mm kN-m/m mm
7.50 300 525
7.50 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 Bending 525
5.63 0.00 0.00 400 0.00 Bending 700
3.75 0.00 138.43 500 0.00 Bending 875
1.88 0.00 0.00 600 0.00 247 0.00 Bending 875
0.00 -295.31 0.00 700 0.00 297 -295.31 Bending 875
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmomentsandtensions;LoadFactor=1.5
SectioninBending
M1u=M1*1.5;Tu=T*1.5
RequiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofM1u/bd2istakenfromSP16
RequiredreinforcementforTu=Tu/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX((AstforMu+AstforTu),Minreinf)
SectioninTension
TensiononexcesstensilefaceT'=0.5*T+M*1000/(dc0.5*)
T'u=T'*1.5 RequiredreinforcementforT'u=T'u/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforT'u,Minreinf)
Fill 1 Face
Secion in Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Tension Ast for Ast for Tu /
bottom of d = D - c' Reqd reinf
M1u Tu T' T'u M1u T'u
wall
Factored Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 247 0.00 0 - 525
5.63 347 0.00 0 - 700
3.75 447 0.00 0 - 875
1.88 547 0.00 0.00 0 - 875
0.00 647 442.97 0.00 1644 - 1644
SectioninBending
Mu=M*1.5(ForFill2)
RequiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofMu/bd2istakenfromSP16
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforMu,Minreinf)
SectioninTension
TensiononlesstensilefaceT''=0.5*TM*1000/(dc0.5*)
T''u=T''*1.5 RequiredreinforcementforT''u=T''u/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforT''u,Minreinf)
Page 18
Fill 2 Face
Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Ast for
bottom of d = D - c' Ast for T"u Reqd reinf
Mu T'' T''u Mu
wall
Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 262 0.00 0 - 525
5.63 362 0.00 0 - 700
3.75 462 207.64 1075 - 1075
1.88 562 0.00 0 - 875
0.00 662 0.00 0 - 875
ProppedCantileverWall -
ReferCase1forexplanationofmomentcoefficientsandmultiplier
forFill2(kN/m )= 18.0
3
k'forFill2= 0.333
SurchargepressurePs(kN/m2)=k'**hs= 4.80
Surchargemoment(kNm/m)=0.5*Ps*(HOFh)^2
whereh=heightfromtopoffill
NegativemomentsimpliesthattensionfaceisFill2
TotalmomentonFill1face=Maxof+veBMatreferencepoint=Addlmoment,ifany
TotalmomentonFill2face=MaxofveBMatreferencepoint+Addlmoment+Surchargemoments
ReferCase1forexplanationofthecalculationdoneinthefollowingtable
Page 19
5.63 0.00 -8.43 400 -8.43 Bending 700
3.75 59.35 -33.72 500 -33.72 Bending 875
1.88 0.00 -75.86 600 0.00 262 -75.86 Bending 875
0.00 0.00 -261.49 700 0.00 312 -261.49 Bending 875
Calculating required reinforcement for Limit State of Strength
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmomentsandtensions;LoadFactor=1.5
ReferCase1CalculationofreinfforFill1forexplanationofthefollowingtable
Fill 2 Face
Secion in Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Tension Ast for Ast for Tu /
bottom of d = D - c' Reqd reinf
M1u Tu T' T'u M1u T'u
wall
Factored Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 262 0.00 0 - 525
5.63 362 12.64 77 - 700
3.75 462 50.57 256 - 875
1.88 562 113.79 0.00 473 - 875
0.00 662 392.23 0.00 1410 - 1410
ReferCase1CalculationofreinfforFill2forexplanationofthefollowingtable
Fill 1 Face
Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Ast for
bottom of d = D - c' Ast for T"u Reqd reinf
Mu T'' T''u Mu
wall
Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 247 0.00 14 - 525
5.63 347 0.00 10 - 700
3.75 447 89.03 463 - 875
1.88 547 0.00 6 - 875
0.00 647 0.00 5 - 875
MaximumoftherequiredreinforcementascalculatedforCase1andCase2aretabulatedbelow.
Page 20
Summary of Horizontal Reinforcement (Provided)
MaximumoftherequiredreinforcementascalculatedforCase1andCase2aretabulatedbelow.
ProppedCantileverWall
Shearalongsideedge
1mlengthofwallisassumedtocontributetowardsshearatverticaledge
Shear=1*Pressureofthefill (Coefficient=1)
Pressureofthefill=k'**(HOFh);h=heightfrombottom,k'and arefortherespectivefills
Shearatcorner&midptofbottomedge
Shear=1.0*k'**HOF^2=0.5*HOF*Pressureoffill (Coefficient=0.5*HOF)
Ht from Effective
Pressure
bottom of Location Coeff Shear V Depth D depth d =
of fill
wall h D - c'
m kN/m2 kN/m mm mm
7.50
7.50 Side edge - 1.000 0.00 300 247
5.63 Side edge 19.69 1.000 19.69 400 347
3.75 Side edge 39.38 1.000 39.38 500 447
1.88 Side edge 59.06 1.000 59.06 600 547
0.00 Corner - bottom edge 78.75 -3.750 -295.31 700 647
0.00 Mid pt - bottom edge 78.75 3.750 295.31 700 647
Negativesignindicatesthatreactionactsinthedirectionofload.
Thiswillnotcausedirecttensioninadjoiningwall.
Page 21
FactoredShearVu=1.5*V v=Vu*1000/(1000*d)
Ast=providedtensionreinfHorizontalforsideedge&Verticalforbottomedge
%Ast=Ast(provided)*100/(1000*d)
Shearstrengthofconcreteciscalculatedfromtable19ofIS4562000
Shearstrengthismultipliedbyfactorforenhancedshearstrengthofconcretenearsupport.
Referclause40.5and40.2.1.1ofIS4562000forenhancementofshearstrength
cismultipliedby2forshearstrengthatedge,becauseshearstressbeingveryclosetosupport
cisalsomultipliedbyanotherfactorforsolidslabs1.0to1.3dependingonthicknessofslab
c,maxisaspertable20ofIS4562000
CheckforshearisOK,ifv<Factor*candv<0.5*c,max
Ht from Effective
Pressure
bottom of Location Coeff Shear V Depth D depth d =
of fill
wall h D - c'
m kN/m2 kN/m mm mm
7.50
7.50 Side edge - 1.000 0.00 300 262
5.63 Side edge 8.44 1.000 8.44 400 362
3.75 Side edge 16.88 1.000 16.88 500 462
1.88 Side edge 25.32 1.000 25.32 600 562
0.00 Corner - bottom edge 33.77 -3.750 -126.62 700 662
0.00 Mid pt - bottom edge 33.77 3.750 126.62 700 662
Page 22
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH :-
Checkforcrackwidthisdoneforfollowinglocations:
(a)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)VerticalMomentsFill1Face
(b)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)VerticalMomentsFill2Face
(c)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)HorizontalMomentsatEdgeFill1Face
(d)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)HorizontalMomentsatEdgeFill2Face
(e)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)HorizontalMomentsatMiddleFill2Face
(f)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)HorizontalMomentsatMiddleFill1Face
ProcedureforcalculatingcrackwidthhasbeenexplainedwhiledoingcalculationsforSrl(a)
CrackwidthcalculationsforSrl(b)toSrl(f)hasnotbeenmadepartofdesigncalculations,becausenoneofthe
momentsandtensionsexceedthefollowingvalues,whichareeverysmall
Moment= 10kNm/m Tension= 10kN/m
MomentMandDirecttensionTaretheforcesactingonthesection
Procedureforcheckingwhetherthesectionisbendingortensionisexplainedearlier
T'=tensiononexcesstensileface;T"=tensiononlesstensileface
T'andT"arecalculatedonlyifthesectionisintension
ProcedureforcalculatingT'andT"incasesectionisintensionhasalsobeenexplainedearlier.
As=Reinforcementontensionface;As'=Reinforcementoncompressionface/lesstensileface
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninBending
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedforvaluesofdia,spacingsandcr
asgivenindesignparameters.
CalculatingdepthofNAfortheprovidedreinforcementAsandAs'
fc=stressinextremecompressionfibre
fsandfs'=stressinreinfneartensionandcompressionfacerespectively
x=DepthofNA
d=Effectivedepth=Dc' c'=Effectivecover(mm)= 53
d'=distanceofcentreofcompressionreinforcementfromextremecompressionfibre= 38
Page 23
Relationbetweenthestressesisasgivenbelow:
NetTensionT=TotaltensileforceTTotalcompressiveforceC
Takingmomentaboutthetensionreinforcement
Aboveequationsaresolvedforthevaluesoffc,fs,fs'andx.
ReferIS3370(Part2)2009forcrackwidthcalculations
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninTension
Stressinreinfnearexcesstensilefacefs= T'*1000/As
Stressinreinfnearlesstensilefacefs'= T"*1000/As'
s=Straininreinfnearexcesstensileface=
Straingradient=
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=s+straingradientxd'
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
GrossareaofconcreteAc=1000*D+(m1)*(As+As')
Page 24
DirectTensioninconcretefct=T*1000/Ac
Permissiblevalues
2
Stressinreinforcement(N/mm )=0.8*fy= 400
2
Bendingstressinextremecompressionfibrefc(N/mm )=0.45*fck= 13.5
Directtensioninconcretefct(N/mm2)= 3.6
Crackwidthw(mm)= 0.2
Page 25
DESIGN OF WALL W2 Location: Internal Wall
DESIGN DATA
TOF=Topofrespectivefill
HOF=Heightofrespectivefill DesignHOFa=MaxofboththeHOFs
Height of wall from BOF (m) = 7.50 Design Height of Wall (m) = 7.50
Height of wall from BOW (m) = 7.50
Momentredistribution/DirecttensionisoptionalandsubjecttosameBOW&HOFforbothwalls
Adjoiningwalltowardsthefillwillcausedirecttensioninthiswall
Adjoiningwallawayfromfillwillcausedirectcompressioninthiswall
AdditionalDLonwalkwayasaboveexcludesSelfweight
TLoad=TotalLoad/m2= (25*Th/1000)+AddlDL+LL
WalkwayonFill2sidewillcausemomentonFill1sideandviceversa
Walkwaymoment=TLoad*Width^2/2
MomentonFill1facemeansmomentcausestensiononfill1faceandviceversa
Totaladditionalmoment=Walkwaymoment+Additionalmoment
Page 26
Shearattheedgeofsuspendedslabwillappearasdirecttensioninwallinverticaldirection
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedfortheabovevaluesofdia,spacings,effectivecoverc'
andcr
Revisedvalueofkiscalculatedforfill1orfill2,asrequiredtoequalizetheheightofbothfills.
Valueofk'forearthisfurherrevisedtotakeintoaccounttheeffectofwatertable,ifapplicable
k' c w s c' cr
Fill Type
mm mm mm mm mm mm
Fill 1 Water 1.000 45 16 0.2 250 53 127.77
Fill 2 Water 1.000 45 16 0.2 250 53 127.77
Page 27
CASE 1 FILL 1 ACTING ; FILL 2 NOT ACTING
ProppedCantileverWall
Momentcoefficientatbottom=1/15 atmidheight=1/32
Momentcoefficientsassumedtobesameatedge,quarterpointandmidpoint
Multiplier=k'**HOF^3
forFill1(kN/m )= 10.5
3
k'forFill1= 1.000
Respectivecoefficientsaremultipliedbymultipliertogetvaluesofbendingmoment
NegativemomentsimpliestensionfaceisFill1
TotalmomentonFill1face=MaximumoftheveBMatareferenceheight+Addlmoments,ifany
TotalmomentonFill2face=Maximumofthe+veBMatareferenceheight+Addlmoments,ifany
Directtension(T)actinginverticaldirection,ifanyisduetosuspendedslab.ReferDesignData
Directtension(T)fromsuspendedslabisassumedtoactforadistanceof1/4thofheightoffill.
ModifiedmomentsarecalculatedforFill1facetocheckwhetherthesectionisintensionorbending.
Thisisrequiredbecausecrackwidthcalculationformulaearedifferenceforthesetwocases.
NochangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
ChangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
Modifiedmomentiscalculatedbytransferringdirecttensiontotensileface(Fill1face)
D=Overallthickness d=Effectivedepth=Dc'
d0.5*D=Distanceoftensilereinffromcentreofsection
ModifiedmomentM1= TotalmomentT*(d0.5*D)
MinimumreinforcementhasbeenbeencalculatedaspertheprovisionsofIS3370Part22009
Page 28
Total Moments M Modified moments M1
(unfactored) (unfactored)
Ht from Provided Section in
Direct
bottom of Fill 1 Fill 2 thickness d - 0.5*D Fill 1 Tension / Min Reinf
Tension T
wall D Bending
2
m kN-m/m kN-m/m mm kN/m mm kN-m/m mm
7.50 300 525
7.50 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 Bending 525
5.63 0.00 0.00 400 0.00 Bending 700
3.75 0.00 138.43 500 0.00 Bending 875
1.88 0.00 0.00 600 0.00 247 0.00 Bending 875
0.00 -295.31 0.00 700 0.00 297 -295.31 Bending 875
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmomentsandtensions;LoadFactor=1.5
SectioninBending
M1u=M1*1.5;Tu=T*1.5
RequiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofM1u/bd2istakenfromSP16
RequiredreinforcementforTu=Tu/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX((AstforMu+AstforTu),Minreinf)
SectioninTension
TensiononexcesstensilefaceT'=0.5*T+M*1000/(dc0.5*)
T'u=T'*1.5 RequiredreinforcementforT'u=T'u/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforT'u,Minreinf)
Fill 1 Face
Secion in Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Tension Ast for Ast for Tu /
bottom of d = D - c' Reqd reinf
M1u Tu T' T'u M1u T'u
wall
Factored Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 247 0.00 0 - 525
5.63 347 0.00 0 - 700
3.75 447 0.00 0 - 875
1.88 547 0.00 0.00 0 - 875
0.00 647 442.97 0.00 1644 - 1644
SectioninBending
Mu=M*1.5(ForFill2)
RequiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofMu/bd2istakenfromSP16
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforMu,Minreinf)
SectioninTension
TensiononlesstensilefaceT''=0.5*TM*1000/(dc0.5*)
T''u=T''*1.5 RequiredreinforcementforT''u=T''u/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforT''u,Minreinf)
Page 29
Fill 2 Face
Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Ast for
bottom of d = D - c' Ast for T"u Reqd reinf
Mu T'' T''u Mu
wall
Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 247 0.00 0 - 525
5.63 347 0.00 0 - 700
3.75 447 207.64 1115 - 1115
1.88 547 0.00 0 - 875
0.00 647 0.00 0 - 875
ProppedCantileverWall -
ReferCase1forexplanationofmomentcoefficientsandmultiplier
forFill2(kN/m )= 10.5
3
k'forFill2= 1.000
Surcharge(equivalentearthheight)onFill2(m)=hs= 0.00
2
SurchargepressurePs(kN/m )=k'**hs= 0.00
Surchargemoment(kNm/m)=0.5*Ps*(HOFh)^2
whereh=heightfromtopoffill
NegativemomentsimpliesthattensionfaceisFill2
TotalmomentonFill1face=Maxof+veBMatreferencepoint=Addlmoment,ifany
TotalmomentonFill2face=MaxofveBMatreferencepoint+Addlmoment+Surchargemoments
ReferCase1forexplanationofthecalculationdoneinthefollowingtable
Page 30
5.63 0.00 0.00 400 0.00 Bending 700
3.75 138.43 0.00 500 0.00 Bending 875
1.88 0.00 0.00 600 0.00 247 0.00 Bending 875
0.00 0.00 -295.31 700 0.00 297 -295.31 Bending 875
Calculating required reinforcement for Limit State of Strength
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmomentsandtensions;LoadFactor=1.5
ReferCase1CalculationofreinfforFill1forexplanationofthefollowingtable
Fill 2 Face
Secion in Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Tension Ast for Ast for Tu /
bottom of d = D - c' Reqd reinf
M1u Tu T' T'u M1u T'u
wall
Factored Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 247 0.00 0 - 525
5.63 347 0.00 0 - 700
3.75 447 0.00 0 - 875
1.88 547 0.00 0.00 0 - 875
0.00 647 442.97 0.00 1643 - 1643
ReferCase1CalculationofreinfforFill2forexplanationofthefollowingtable
Fill 1 Face
Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Ast for
bottom of d = D - c' Ast for T"u Reqd reinf
Mu T'' T''u Mu
wall
Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 525
7.50 247 0.00 14 - 525
5.63 347 0.00 10 - 700
3.75 447 207.64 1111 - 1111
1.88 547 0.00 6 - 875
0.00 647 0.00 5 - 875
MaximumoftherequiredreinforcementascalculatedforCase1andCase2aretabulatedbelow.
Page 31
Summary of Horizontal Reinforcement (Provided)
MaximumoftherequiredreinforcementascalculatedforCase1andCase2aretabulatedbelow.
ProppedCantileverWall
Shearalongsideedge
1mlengthofwallisassumedtocontributetowardsshearatverticaledge
Shear=1*Pressureofthefill (Coefficient=1)
Pressureofthefill=k'**(HOFh);h=heightfrombottom,k'and arefortherespectivefills
Shearatcorner&midptofbottomedge
Shear=1.0*k'**HOF^2=0.5*HOF*Pressureoffill (Coefficient=0.5*HOF)
Ht from Effective
Pressure
bottom of Location Coeff Shear V Depth D depth d =
of fill
wall h D - c'
m kN/m2 kN/m mm mm
7.50
7.50 Side edge - 1.000 0.00 300 247
5.63 Side edge 19.69 1.000 19.69 400 347
3.75 Side edge 39.38 1.000 39.38 500 447
1.88 Side edge 59.06 1.000 59.06 600 547
0.00 Corner - bottom edge 78.75 -3.750 -295.31 700 647
0.00 Mid pt - bottom edge 78.75 3.750 295.31 700 647
Negativesignindicatesthatreactionactsinthedirectionofload.
Thiswillnotcausedirecttensioninadjoiningwall.
Page 32
FactoredShearVu=1.5*V v=Vu*1000/(1000*d)
Ast=providedtensionreinfHorizontalforsideedge&Verticalforbottomedge
%Ast=Ast(provided)*100/(1000*d)
Shearstrengthofconcreteciscalculatedfromtable19ofIS4562000
Shearstrengthismultipliedbyfactorforenhancedshearstrengthofconcretenearsupport.
Referclause40.5and40.2.1.1ofIS4562000forenhancementofshearstrength
cismultipliedby2forshearstrengthatedge,becauseshearstressbeingveryclosetosupport
cisalsomultipliedbyanotherfactorforsolidslabs1.0to1.3dependingonthicknessofslab
c,maxisaspertable20ofIS4562000
CheckforshearisOK,ifv<Factor*candv<0.5*c,max
Ht from Effective
Pressure
bottom of Location Coeff Shear V Depth D depth d =
of fill
wall h D - c'
m kN/m2 kN/m mm mm
7.50
7.50 Side edge - 1.000 0.00 300 247
5.63 Side edge 33.75 1.000 33.75 400 347
3.75 Side edge 67.50 1.000 67.50 500 447
1.88 Side edge 101.25 1.000 101.25 600 547
0.00 Corner - bottom edge 135.00 -3.750 -506.25 700 647
0.00 Mid pt - bottom edge 135.00 3.750 506.25 700 647
Page 33
CHECK FOR CRACK WIDTH :-
Checkforcrackwidthisdoneforfollowinglocations:
(a)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)VerticalMomentsFill1Face
(b)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)VerticalMomentsFill2Face
(c)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)HorizontalMomentsatEdgeFill1Face
(d)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)HorizontalMomentsatEdgeFill2Face
(e)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)HorizontalMomentsatMiddleFill2Face
(f)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)HorizontalMomentsatMiddleFill1Face
ProcedureforcalculatingcrackwidthhasbeenexplainedwhiledoingcalculationsforSrl(a)
CrackwidthcalculationsforSrl(b)toSrl(f)hasnotbeenmadepartofdesigncalculations,becausenoneofthe
momentsandtensionsexceedthefollowingvalues,whichareeverysmall
Moment= 10kNm/m Tension= 10kN/m
MomentMandDirecttensionTaretheforcesactingonthesection
Procedureforcheckingwhetherthesectionisbendingortensionisexplainedearlier
T'=tensiononexcesstensileface;T"=tensiononlesstensileface
T'andT"arecalculatedonlyifthesectionisintension
ProcedureforcalculatingT'andT"incasesectionisintensionhasalsobeenexplainedearlier.
As=Reinforcementontensionface;As'=Reinforcementoncompressionface/lesstensileface
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninBending
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedforvaluesofdia,spacingsandcr
asgivenindesignparameters.
CalculatingdepthofNAfortheprovidedreinforcementAsandAs'
fc=stressinextremecompressionfibre
fsandfs'=stressinreinfneartensionandcompressionfacerespectively
x=DepthofNA
d=Effectivedepth=Dc' c'=Effectivecover(mm)= 53
d'=distanceofcentreofcompressionreinforcementfromextremecompressionfibre= 53
Page 34
Relationbetweenthestressesisasgivenbelow:
NetTensionT=TotaltensileforceTTotalcompressiveforceC
Takingmomentaboutthetensionreinforcement
Aboveequationsaresolvedforthevaluesoffc,fs,fs'andx.
ReferIS3370(Part2)2009forcrackwidthcalculations
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninTension
Stressinreinfnearexcesstensilefacefs= T'*1000/As
Stressinreinfnearlesstensilefacefs'= T"*1000/As'
s=Straininreinfnearexcesstensileface=
Straingradient=
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=s+straingradientxd'
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
Page 35
GrossareaofconcreteAc=1000*D+(m1)*(As+As')
DirectTensioninconcretefct=T*1000/Ac
Permissiblevalues
2
Stressinreinforcement(N/mm )=0.8*fy= 400
2
Bendingstressinextremecompressionfibrefc(N/mm )=0.45*fck= 13.5
2
Directtensioninconcretefct(N/mm )= 3.6
Crackwidthw(mm)= 0.2
Page 36
DESIGN OF WALL W3 Location: Inlet Chamber
DESIGN DATA
TOF=Topofrespectivefill
HOF=Heightofrespectivefill DesignHOFa=MaxofboththeHOFs
Height of wall from BOF (m) = 7.50 Design Height of Wall (m) = 7.50
Height of wall from BOW (m) = 7.50
Momentredistribution/DirecttensionisoptionalandsubjecttosameBOW&HOFforbothwalls
Adjoiningwalltowardsthefillwillcausedirecttensioninthiswall
Adjoiningwallawayfromfillwillcausedirectcompressioninthiswall
AdditionalDLonwalkwayasaboveexcludesSelfweight
TLoad=TotalLoad/m2= (25*Th/1000)+AddlDL+LL
WalkwayonFill2sidewillcausemomentonFill1sideandviceversa
Walkwaymoment=TLoad*Width^2/2
MomentonFill1facemeansmomentcausestensiononfill1faceandviceversa
Totaladditionalmoment=Walkwaymoment+Additionalmoment
Page 37
Shearattheedgeofsuspendedslabwillappearasdirecttensioninwallinverticaldirection
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedfortheabovevaluesofdia,spacings,effectivecoverc'
andcr
Revisedvalueofkiscalculatedforfill1orfill2,asrequiredtoequalizetheheightofbothfills.
Valueofk'forearthisfurherrevisedtotakeintoaccounttheeffectofwatertable,ifapplicable
k' c w s c' cr
Fill Type
mm mm mm mm mm mm
Fill 1 Water 1.000 45 16 0.2 250 53 127.77
Fill 2 Earth 0.250 30 16 0.2 250 38 122.65
Page 38
CASE 1 FILL 1 ACTING ; FILL 2 NOT ACTING
HorSpanningWall 1.88
Momentcoefficientatbottom=1/6
Momentcoefficientsassumedtobesameatedge,quarterpointandmidpoint
Multiplier=k'**HOF*(CantileverHeight)^2
forFill1(kN/m )= 10.5
3
k'forFill1= 1.000
Respectivecoefficientsaremultipliedbymultipliertogetvaluesofbendingmoment
NegativemomentsimpliestensionfaceisFill1
TotalmomentonFill1face=MaximumoftheveBMatareferenceheight+Addlmoments,ifany
TotalmomentonFill2face=Maximumofthe+veBMatareferenceheight+Addlmoments,ifany
Directtension(T)actinginverticaldirection,ifanyisduetosuspendedslab.ReferDesignData
Directtension(T)fromsuspendedslabisassumedtoactforadistanceof1/4thofheightoffill.
ModifiedmomentsarecalculatedforFill1facetocheckwhetherthesectionisintensionorbending.
Thisisrequiredbecausecrackwidthcalculationformulaearedifferenceforthesetwocases.
NochangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
ChangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
Modifiedmomentiscalculatedbytransferringdirecttensiontotensileface(Fill1face)
D=Overallthickness d=Effectivedepth=Dc'
d0.5*D=Distanceoftensilereinffromcentreofsection
ModifiedmomentM1= TotalmomentT*(d0.5*D)
MinimumreinforcementhasbeenbeencalculatedaspertheprovisionsofIS3370Part22009
Page 39
Total Moments M Modified moments M1
(unfactored) (unfactored)
Ht from Provided Section in
Direct
bottom of Fill 1 Fill 2 thickness d - 0.5*D Fill 1 Tension / Min Reinf
Tension T
wall D Bending
2
m kN-m/m kN-m/m mm kN/m mm kN-m/m mm
7.50 300 360
7.50 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 Bending 360
5.63 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 Bending 360
3.75 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 Bending 360
1.88 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 97 0.00 Bending 360
0.00 -46.14 0.00 300 0.00 97 -46.14 Bending 360
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmomentsandtensions;LoadFactor=1.5
SectioninBending
M1u=M1*1.5;Tu=T*1.5
RequiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofM1u/bd2istakenfromSP16
RequiredreinforcementforTu=Tu/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX((AstforMu+AstforTu),Minreinf)
SectioninTension
TensiononexcesstensilefaceT'=0.5*T+M*1000/(dc0.5*)
T'u=T'*1.5 RequiredreinforcementforT'u=T'u/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforT'u,Minreinf)
Fill 1 Face
Secion in Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Tension Ast for Ast for Tu /
bottom of d = D - c' Reqd reinf
M1u Tu T' T'u M1u T'u
wall
Factored Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 360
7.50 247 0.00 0 - 360
5.63 247 0.00 0 - 360
3.75 247 0.00 0 - 360
1.88 247 0.00 0.00 0 - 360
0.00 247 69.21 0.00 675 - 675
SectioninBending
Mu=M*1.5(ForFill2)
RequiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofMu/bd2istakenfromSP16
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforMu,Minreinf)
SectioninTension
TensiononlesstensilefaceT''=0.5*TM*1000/(dc0.5*)
T''u=T''*1.5 RequiredreinforcementforT''u=T''u/0.87*fy
Totalrequiredreinforcement=MAX(AstforT''u,Minreinf)
Page 40
Fill 2 Face
Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Ast for
bottom of d = D - c' Ast for T"u Reqd reinf
Mu T'' T''u Mu
wall
Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 360
7.50 262 0.00 0 - 360
5.63 262 0.00 0 - 360
3.75 262 0.00 0 - 360
1.88 262 0.00 0 - 360
0.00 262 0.00 0 - 360
HorSpanningWall 1.88
Momentcoefficientatedge=1/12;Momentcoefficientatmidspan=1/16
Momentcoefficientatbottomofwall=0;Momentcoefficientsnotconsideredforquarterpoint
Multiplier=k'**(HOFh)*b^2 Whereh=heightofwallfrombottom;b=Lengthofwall
forFill1(kN/m )= 10.5
3
k'forFill1= 1.000
Respectivecoefficientsaremultipliedbymultipliertogetvaluesofbendingmoment
NegativemomentsimpliestensionfaceisFill1
Directtension(T)isduetoshearinadjoiningwall.ReferdesignofAdjoiningwallforshear
Modifiedmomentscalculatedforedgemomentstocheckwhethersectionisintensionorbending.
Thisisrequiredbecausecrackwidthcalculationformulaearedifferenceforthesetwocases.
NochangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
ChangeinsignofmomentMindicatesthatthesectionisprimarilyinbending
Modifiedmomentatedgeiscalculatedbytransferringdirecttensiontotensileface(Fill1face)
D=Overallthickness
d0.5*D=Distanceoftensilereinffromcentreofsection
ModifiedmomentM1= TotalmomentT*(d0.5*D)
MinimumreinforcementhasbeenbeencalculatedaspertheprovisionsofIS3370Part22009
Page 41
Redistributed / Modified moments M1
Ht from unfactored moments (unfactored)
bottom of Provided Section in
Direct
wall Edge Middle thickness d-0.5D Edge Tension / Min Reinf
Tension
D Bending
2
m kN-m/m kN-m/m mm kN/m mm kN-m/m mm
7.50 300 360
7.50 0.00 0.00 300 - 97 0.00 Bending 360
5.63 -7.94 5.96 300 - 97 -7.94 Bending 360
3.75 -15.88 11.91 300 - 97 -15.88 Bending 360
1.88 -23.82 17.87 300 - 97 -23.82 Bending 360
0.00 0.00 0.00 300 - 97 0.00 Bending 360
Calculating required reinforcement for Limit State of Strength
ProcedureadoptedforcalculationofreinforcementissimilartothatforVerticalreinforcement
ProcedureadoptedforcalculationofreinforcementissimilartoCase1,Fill2face
Mu,Fill1=(Negativeredistributedmomentatmiddle)*1.5
Mu,Fill2=(Positiveredistributedmomentatmiddle)*1.5
ProcedureadoptedforcalculationofreinfissimilartoCase1,Fill1faceforsectioninbending
Page 42
5.63 247 0.00 0 360 262 8.93 79 360
3.75 247 0.00 0 360 262 17.87 158 360
1.88 247 0.00 0 360 262 26.80 239 360
0.00 247 0.00 0 360 262 0.00 0 360
HorSpanningWall 1.88
ReferCase1forexplanationofmomentcoefficientsandmultiplier
forFill2(kN/m3)= 18.0 k'forFill2= 0.333
Surcharge(equivalentearthheight)onFill2(m)=hs= 0.00
2
SurchargepressurePs(kN/m )=k'**hs= 0.00
Surchargemoment(kNm/m)=0.5*Ps*(HOFh)^2
whereh=heightfromtopoffill
NegativemomentsimpliesthattensionfaceisFill2
TotalmomentonFill1face=Maxof+veBMatreferencepoint=Addlmoment,ifany
TotalmomentonFill2face=MaxofveBMatreferencepoint+Addlmoment+Surchargemoments
ReferCase1forexplanationofthecalculationdoneinthefollowingtable
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmomentsandtensions;LoadFactor=1.5
ReferCase1CalculationofreinfforFill1forexplanationofthefollowingtable
Page 43
Fill 2 Face
Secion in Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Tension Ast for Ast for Tu /
bottom of d = D - c' Reqd reinf
M1u Tu T' T'u M1u T'u
wall
Factored Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 360
7.50 262 0.00 0 - 360
5.63 262 0.00 0 - 360
3.75 262 0.00 0 - 360
1.88 262 0.00 0.00 0 - 360
0.00 262 29.68 0.00 268 - 360
ReferCase1CalculationofreinfforFill2forexplanationofthefollowingtable
Fill 1 Face
Bending Section in Tension
Ht from
Moment Tension Tension Ast for
bottom of d = D - c' Ast for T"u Reqd reinf
Mu T'' T''u Mu
wall
Factored Unfactor Factored
m mm kN-m/m kN/m kN/m mm2 mm2 mm2
7.50 360
7.50 247 0.00 14 - 360
5.63 247 0.00 14 - 360
3.75 247 0.00 14 - 360
1.88 247 0.00 14 - 360
0.00 247 0.00 14 - 360
HorSpanningWall 1.88
ReferCase1forexplanationofmomentcoefficientsandmultiplier
forFill2(kN/m3)= 18.0 k'forFill2= 0.250
NegativemomentsimpliestensionfaceisFill2
Page 44
5.63 -3.40 2.55 300 0.00 112 -3.40 Bending 360
3.75 -6.81 5.11 300 0.00 112 -6.81 Bending 360
1.88 -10.21 7.66 300 0.00 112 -10.21 Bending 360
0.00 0.00 0.00 300 0.00 112 0.00 Bending 360
Calculating required reinforcement for Limit State of Strength
ProcedureadoptedforcalculationofreinforcementissimilartoCase1
Mu,Fill1=(Positiveredistributedmomentatmiddle)*1.5
Mu,Fill2=(Negativeredistributedmomentatmiddle)*1.5
ProcedureadoptedforcalculationofreinfissimilartoCase1
Page 45
Summary of Vertical Reinforcement (Provided)
MaximumoftherequiredreinforcementascalculatedforCase1andCase2aretabulatedbelow.
MaximumoftherequiredreinforcementascalculatedforCase1andCase2aretabulatedbelow.
HorSpanningWall 1.88
Shearalongsideedge
Halfthelengthofwallisassumedtocontributetowardsshearatverticaledge
Shearatandabove1.875m=0.5*L*Pressureofthefill (Coefficient=0.5*L)
Below1.875m,wallisassumedtoactascantilever.
Atbottom,MIN(1,0.5*L)mlengthofwallisassumedtocontributetowardsshearatverticaledge
Shear=MIN(1,0.5*L)*Pressureofthefill (Coefficient=MIN(1,0.5*L))
Pressureofthefill=k'**(HOFh);h=heightfrombottom,k'and arefortherespectivefills
Page 46
Shearatcorner&midptofbottomedge
Shear=1.0*k'**HOF*H'=0.5*H'*Pressureoffill (Coefficient=0.5*H')
H'=Heightuptowhichwallisassumedtobecantilever
Ht from Effective
Pressure
bottom of Location Coeff Shear V Depth D depth d =
of fill
wall h D - c'
m kN/m2 kN/m mm mm
7.50
7.50 Side edge - 1.100 0.00 300 247
5.63 Side edge 19.69 1.100 21.66 300 247
3.75 Side edge 39.38 1.100 43.31 300 247
1.88 Side edge 59.06 1.100 64.97 300 247
0.00 Corner - bottom edge 78.75 -0.938 -73.83 300 247
0.00 Mid pt - bottom edge 78.75 0.938 73.83 300 247
Negativesignindicatesthatreactionactsinthedirectionofload.
Thiswillnotcausedirecttensioninadjoiningwall.
FactoredShearVu=1.5*V v=Vu*1000/(1000*d)
Ast=providedtensionreinfHorizontalforsideedge&Verticalforbottomedge
%Ast=Ast(provided)*100/(1000*d)
Shearstrengthofconcreteciscalculatedfromtable19ofIS4562000
Shearstrengthismultipliedbyfactorforenhancedshearstrengthofconcretenearsupport.
Referclause40.5and40.2.1.1ofIS4562000forenhancementofshearstrength
cismultipliedby2forshearstrengthatedge,becauseshearstressbeingveryclosetosupport
cisalsomultipliedbyanotherfactorforsolidslabs1.0to1.3dependingonthicknessofslab
c,maxisaspertable20ofIS4562000
CheckforshearisOK,ifv<Factor*candv<0.5*c,max
Ht from Effective
Pressure
bottom of Location Coeff Shear V Depth D depth d =
of fill
wall h D - c'
m kN/m2 kN/m mm mm
7.50
7.50 Side edge - 1.100 0.00 300 262
5.63 Side edge 8.44 1.100 9.29 300 262
3.75 Side edge 16.88 1.100 18.57 300 262
Page 47
1.88 Side edge 25.32 1.100 27.86 300 262
0.00 Corner - bottom edge 33.77 -0.938 -31.66 300 262
0.00 Mid pt - bottom edge 33.77 0.938 31.66 300 262
Checkforcrackwidthisdoneforfollowinglocations:
(a)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)VerticalMomentsFill1Face
(b)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)VerticalMomentsFill2Face
(c)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)HorizontalMomentsatEdgeFill1Face
(d)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)HorizontalMomentsatEdgeFill2Face
(e)Case1(OnlyFill1Acting)HorizontalMomentsatMiddleFill2Face
(f)Case2(OnlyFill2Acting)HorizontalMomentsatMiddleFill1Face
ProcedureforcalculatingcrackwidthhasbeenexplainedwhiledoingcalculationsforSrl(a)
CrackwidthcalculationsforSrl(b)toSrl(f)hasnotbeenmadepartofdesigncalculations,becausenoneofthe
momentsandtensionsexceedthefollowingvalues,whichareeverysmall
Moment= 10kNm/m Tension= 10kN/m
MomentMandDirecttensionTaretheforcesactingonthesection
Procedureforcheckingwhetherthesectionisbendingortensionisexplainedearlier
T'=tensiononexcesstensileface;T"=tensiononlesstensileface
T'andT"arecalculatedonlyifthesectionisintension
Page 48
ProcedureforcalculatingT'andT"incasesectionisintensionhasalsobeenexplainedearlier.
As=Reinforcementontensionface;As'=Reinforcementoncompressionface/lesstensileface
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninBending
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedforvaluesofdia,spacingsandcr
asgivenindesignparameters.
CalculatingdepthofNAfortheprovidedreinforcementAsandAs'
fc=stressinextremecompressionfibre
fsandfs'=stressinreinfneartensionandcompressionfacerespectively
x=DepthofNA
d=Effectivedepth=Dc' c'=Effectivecover(mm)= 53
d'=distanceofcentreofcompressionreinforcementfromextremecompressionfibre= 38
Relationbetweenthestressesisasgivenbelow:
NetTensionT=TotaltensileforceTTotalcompressiveforceC
Takingmomentaboutthetensionreinforcement
Aboveequationsaresolvedforthevaluesoffc,fs,fs'andx.
ReferIS3370(Part2)2009forcrackwidthcalculations
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
Page 49
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninTension
Stressinreinfnearexcesstensilefacefs= T'*1000/As
Stressinreinfnearlesstensilefacefs'= T"*1000/As'
s=Straininreinfnearexcesstensileface=
Straingradient=
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=s+straingradientxd'
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
GrossareaofconcreteAc=1000*D+(m1)*(As+As')
DirectTensioninconcretefct=T*1000/Ac
Permissiblevalues
Stressinreinforcement(N/mm2)=0.8*fy= 400
2
Bendingstressinextremecompressionfibrefc(N/mm )=0.45*fck= 13.5
2
Directtensioninconcretefct(N/mm )= 3.6
Crackwidthw(mm)= 0.2
Page 50
section in bending section in tension crack width calculations check
fs x fs fs' 1 2 m w fc/fct
2 2 2
N/mm mm N/mm N/mm mm N/mm2
7.50
7.50 300 Bending 0.00 0.00 393 393
5.63 300 Bending 3.40 0.00 393 393
3.75 300 Bending 6.81 0.00 393 393
1.88 300 Bending 10.21 0.00 393 393
0.00 300 Bending 0.00 0.00 393 393
Page 51
section in bending section in tension crack width calculations check
fs x fs fs' 1 2 m w fc/fct
2 2 2
N/mm mm N/mm N/mm mm N/mm2
Page 52
DESIGN OF FOUNDATIONS
Page 53
Foundation for Wall: W1 Location: Outer Wall
Type Ifthesamefoundationistobeanalyzedformorethanone
1 condition,itisindicatedbyTypeNo.
DESIGN DATA
Detailsofadditionalloads&momentsactingonthewall
VandM=TotalVerticalLoad(kN)andmoment(kNm)
L'=Lengthoverwhichloadsandmomentsaredistributed
X=Distanceofloadsfromtheedgesofloadaspersketch
Detailsofadditionalloads&momentsactingonthewall
Downwardloadandclockwisemomentsare+ve
Additionalload/m=Totalload/L'
DESIGN PARAMETERS
c= Clearcovertoreinforcement
= Diaofreinforcement c'= Effectivecover=c+0.5*
w= Permissiblecrackwidth s= Spacingofreinforcement
cr=maximumspacingoftensilebarfromouteredgeofconcrete(mm)
Page 54
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedfortheabovevaluesofdia,spacings,effectivecoverc'
andcr
Fill c c' w s cr
Water 45 16 53 0.2 250 127.77
Earth 30 16 38 0.2 250 122.65
2
Net safe bearing capacity (kN/m ) = 79.2
Depth below NGL (m) = NGL - BOF = 1.0
Gross bearing capacity = Net SBC + Depth below NGL * d = 89.2 kN/m
2
L1=LengthoffootingFill1side
L2=LengthoffootingFill2side
GF1=CGoffootingonFill1sidefromP;GF2=CGoffootingonFill2sidefromS
GF1andGF2arecalculatedusingfollowingformulaeforCGoftrapezium
WF1=WeightoffootingonFill1side=0.5*(Th1F1+Th2F1)*L1*25
WF2=WeightoffootingonFill2side=0.5*(Th1F2+Th2F2)*L2*25
Page 55
WF1 = 25.00 kN/m WF2 = 15.00 kN/m
Widthofcentralportionoffootingunderwall=LCF=G1+G2
Weightofcentralportionoffooting=WCF=0.5*(Th1F1+Th1F2)*(G1+G2)*25
CGofcenralportionoffootingisassumedtobeatthecentre
LCF = 0.700 m WCF = 8.75 kN/m
Footingisanalyzedforthefollowingloadcase
Case1= Fill1acting;Fill2notacting MomentsarecalculatedaboutpointS
Case2= Fill2acting;Fill1notacting MomentsarecalculatedaboutpointP
Case3= BothFillsacting MomentsarecalculatedaboutpointS
Clockwisemomentsare+ve
CalculationshavebeenexplainedforCase1.CalculationsforCase2&3aredoneonsimilarlines.
Envelopemomentsandshearsarecalculatedfromtheabovecasesforfurthercalculations
Load /m Distance
Moment
along length from S
Description Explanation
V d V*d
kN/m m kN-m/m
Overturningmoment.Referdesign
Horizontal pressure Fill 1 295.31
data
Horizontal pressure Fill 2 Fill2notacting
V=HOF1**L1
Weight of Fill 1 on footing 157.50 2.90 -456.75
d=LB0.5*L1
V=WF1ReferCalculationsabove
Self weight of footing on Fill 1 side 25.00 2.90 -72.50
d=LBGF1
V=WF2ReferCalculationsabove
Self weight of footing on Fill 2 side 15.00 0.60 -9.00
d=GF2
V=WCFReferCalculationsabove
Self weight of central portion of footing 8.75 1.55 -13.56
d=0.5*LCF
V=Referdesigndata
Self weight of wall 93.75 1.64 -153.44
d=G2+L2
Referdesigndataforload=V/L'
Additional vertical load on Fill 1 side 0.00 0.00 0.00
d=X1+G1+G2+L2
Referdesigndataforload=V/L'
Additional vertical load on Fill 2 side 0.00 0.00 0.00
d=L2X2
Referdesigndataforload=V/L'
Additional vertical load at top of wall 0.00 0.00 0.00
d=G2+L2
Page 56
Additional moment on Fill 2 side 0.00 Referdesigndataformoment=M/L'
=TotalbasepressureRS*CGfromRWF2*(L2GF1)
Moment at R (base) (kN-m/m) 85.91
vemomentsindicatetensionattop
V
Point Case Tension at Explanation
kN/m
Q 1 Top 95.94 =TotalbasepressurePQWeightofFill1WF1
R 1 Bottom 134.68 =TotalbasepressureRSWF2
Astforcalculatingpermissibleshearstressisbasedonthetensionreinforcement
Case 2 Case 3
Load /m
Moment Moment
along length Distance Distance
Description about P about S
V from P d from S d
V*d V*d
kN/m m kN-m/m m kN-m/m
Horizontal pressure Fill 1 295.31
Horizontal pressure Fill 2 -261.49 -261.49
Weight of Fill 1 on footing 157.50 1.00 2.90 -456.75
Weight of Fill 2 on footing 140.40 3.30 463.32 0.60 -84.24
Self weight of footing on Fill 1 side 25.00 1.00 25.00 2.90 -72.50
Self weight of footing on Fill 2 side 15.00 3.30 49.50 0.60 -9.00
Page 57
Self weight of central portion of footing 8.75 2.35 20.56 1.55 -13.56
Self weight of wall 93.75 2.26 212.19 1.64 -153.44
Addl vertical load on Fill 1 side 0.00 2.00 0.00 1.90 0.00
Addl vertical load on Fill 2 side 0.00 2.70 0.00 1.20 0.00
Addl vertical load at top of wall 0.00 2.26 0.00 1.64 0.00
Addl moment on Fill 1 side 0.00 0.00
Addl moment on Fill 2 side 0.00 0.00
Addl moment on top of wall 0.00 0.00
V Tension V
Point Case Tension at Point Case
kN/m at kN/m
Q 2 Bottom 136.44 Q 3 Top 3.71
R 2 Top 82.31 R 3 Bottom 13.90
UnfactoredmomentM=Calculatedmomentforfill1/fill2+Addlmoment,ifanyforfill1/fill2
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmoments;LoadFactor=1.5
Mu=M*1.5 Mu=Factoredmoments
Page 58
2
Alternatively,requiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofMu/bd canbetakenfromSP16
MinreinforcementiscalculatedaspertheprovisionsofIS3370(Part2)2009
Percentageofminreinforcement%= 0.35 Surfacezonethickness=0.5*D(max250mm)
2
Minreinforcement(mm )=reinf%*1000*surfacezonethickness/100
Reiforcementrequired=Max(AstforMu,Minreinforcement)
Moment
Moment Mu Provided Ast for Reinf
Location unfactor d = D - c' Mu/bd2 % Ast Min Reinf
Factor Th D Mu required
M
kN-m/m kN-m/m mm mm mm2 mm
2
mm
2
Q - Top 119.55 179.33 500 447 0.897 0.214 957 875 957
Q - Bot 142.18 213.27 500 462 0.999 0.239 1106 875 1106
R - Top 50.62 75.94 500 462 0.356 0.083 383 875 875
R - Bot 85.91 128.86 500 462 0.604 0.142 657 875 875
Summaryofreinforcementasshownbelowgivesthefollowinginformation:
Outlineoffootingandwallhasbeenshownusingthicklines.
(a)Typeoffillsonbothsidesofwall
(b)Lengthandthicknessoffootingoneitherside
(c)ReinforcementinwallonFill1andFill2face
(d)Requiredreinforcement,providedreinforcementandareaofreinforcementforP,Q,R,S
(e)Distributionreinforcementrequiredandprovidedonbothsidesofthefill
(f)RequirementofreinforceemntandprovidedreinforcementatA,B,CandD,incaseofcurtailment
Provided Th
Point Case Tension at Face c' d
D
mm mm mm
Q 1 Top Water 500 53 447
Q 2 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
Page 59
Q 3 Top Water 500 53 447
R 1 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
R 2 Top Earth 500 38 462
R 3 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
FactoredShearVu=1.5*V
Ast=providedtensionreinfFill1reinfforCase1&Fill2reinfforCase2
%Ast=Ast(provided)*100/(1000*d)
Shearstrengthofconcreteciscalculatedfromtable19ofIS4562000
Shearstrengthismultipliedbyfactorforenhancedshearstrengthofconcretenearsupport.
Referclause40.5and40.2.1.1ofIS4562000forenhancementofshearstrength
cismultipliedby2forshearstrengthatedge,becauseshearstressbeingveryclosetosupport
cisalsomultipliedbyanotherfactorforsolidslabs1.0to1.3dependingonthicknessofslab
c,maxisaspertable20ofIS4562000
CheckforshearisOK,ifv<Factor*candv<0.5*c,max
Shear
Nominal
Point & Factored Provided Strength Maximum Check for
Shear V d shear stress % Ast
Case Shear Vu Ast Factor * c,max Shear
v
c
kN/m kN/m mm N/mm2 mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
Q-1 95.94 143.91 447 0.322 1340 0.30 0.80 3.50 OK
Q-2 136.44 204.66 462 0.443 2011 0.44 0.94 3.50 OK
Q-3 3.71 5.57 447 0.012 1340 0.30 0.80 3.50 OK
R-1 134.68 202.02 462 0.437 3020 0.65 1.10 3.50 OK
R-2 82.31 123.46 462 0.267 1340 0.29 0.78 3.50 OK
R-3 13.90 20.85 462 0.045 3020 0.65 1.10 3.50 OK
CheckforcrackwidthisdonefortheenvelopemomentsatQandR
MomentMistheforcesactingonthesection
As=Reinforcementontensionface;As'=Reinforcementoncompressionface/lesstensileface
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninBending
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedforvaluesofdia,spacingsandcr
asgivenindesignparameters.
CalculatingdepthofNAfortheprovidedreinforcementAsandAs'
fc=stressinextremecompressionfibre
fsandfs'=stressinreinfneartensionandcompressionfacerespectively
x=DepthofNA
Page 60
d=Effectivedepth=Dc' c'=Effectivecover(mm)
d'=distanceofcentreofcompressionreinforcementfromextremecompressionfibre
Relationbetweenthestressesisasgivenbelow:
NetTensionT=TotaltensileforceTTotalcompressiveforceC
Takingmomentaboutthetensionreinforcement
Aboveequationsaresolvedforthevaluesoffc,fs,fs'andx.
ReferIS3370(Part2)2009forcrackwidthcalculations
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
Permissiblevalues
Stressinreinforcement(N/mm2)=0.8*fy= 400
2
Bendingstressinextremecompressionfibrefc(N/mm )=0.45*fck= 13.5
Page 61
Foundation for Wall: W2 Location: Internal Wall
Type Ifthesamefoundationistobeanalyzedformorethanone
1 condition,itisindicatedbyTypeNo.
DESIGN DATA
Detailsofadditionalloads&momentsactingonthewall
VandM=TotalVerticalLoad(kN)andmoment(kNm)
L'=Lengthoverwhichloadsandmomentsaredistributed
X=Distanceofloadsfromtheedgesofloadaspersketch
Detailsofadditionalloads&momentsactingonthewall
Downwardloadandclockwisemomentsare+ve
Additionalload/m=Totalload/L'
DESIGN PARAMETERS
c= Clearcovertoreinforcement
= Diaofreinforcement c'= Effectivecover=c+0.5*
w= Permissiblecrackwidth s= Spacingofreinforcement
cr=maximumspacingoftensilebarfromouteredgeofconcrete(mm)
Page 62
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedfortheabovevaluesofdia,spacings,effectivecoverc'
andcr
Fill c c' w s cr
Water 45 16 53 0.2 250 127.77
Earth 30 16 38 0.2 250 122.65
2
Net safe bearing capacity (kN/m ) = 79.2
Depth below NGL (m) = NGL - BOW = 1.0
Gross bearing capacity = Net SBC + Depth below NGL * d = 89.2 kN/m
2
L1=LengthoffootingFill1side
L2=LengthoffootingFill2side
GF1=CGoffootingonFill1sidefromP;GF2=CGoffootingonFill2sidefromS
GF1andGF2arecalculatedusingfollowingformulaeforCGoftrapezium
WF1=WeightoffootingonFill1side=0.5*(Th1F1+Th2F1)*L1*25
WF2=WeightoffootingonFill2side=0.5*(Th1F2+Th2F2)*L2*25
Page 63
WF1 = 25.00 kN/m WF2 = 25.00 kN/m
Widthofcentralportionoffootingunderwall=LCF=G1+G2
Weightofcentralportionoffooting=WCF=0.5*(Th1F1+Th1F2)*(G1+G2)*25
CGofcenralportionoffootingisassumedtobeatthecentre
LCF = 0.700 m WCF = 8.75 kN/m
Footingisanalyzedforthefollowingloadcase
Case1= Fill1acting;Fill2notacting MomentsarecalculatedaboutpointS
Case2= Fill2acting;Fill1notacting MomentsarecalculatedaboutpointP
Case3= BothFillsacting MomentsarecalculatedaboutpointS
Clockwisemomentsare+ve
CalculationshavebeenexplainedforCase1.CalculationsforCase2&3aredoneonsimilarlines.
Envelopemomentsandshearsarecalculatedfromtheabovecasesforfurthercalculations
Load /m Distance
Moment
along length from S
Description Explanation
V d V*d
kN/m m kN-m/m
Overturningmoment.Referdesign
Horizontal pressure Fill 1 295.31
data
Horizontal pressure Fill 2 Fill2notacting
V=HOF1**L1
Weight of Fill 1 on footing 157.50 3.70 -582.75
d=LB0.5*L1
V=WF1ReferCalculationsabove
Self weight of footing on Fill 1 side 25.00 3.70 -92.50
d=LBGF1
V=WF2ReferCalculationsabove
Self weight of footing on Fill 2 side 25.00 1.00 -25.00
d=GF2
V=WCFReferCalculationsabove
Self weight of central portion of footing 8.75 2.35 -20.56
d=0.5*LCF
V=Referdesigndata
Self weight of wall 93.75 2.44 -228.44
d=G2+L2
Referdesigndataforload=V/L'
Additional vertical load on Fill 1 side 0.00 0.00 0.00
d=X1+G1+G2+L2
Referdesigndataforload=V/L'
Additional vertical load on Fill 2 side 0.00 0.00 0.00
d=L2X2
Referdesigndataforload=V/L'
Additional vertical load at top of wall 0.00 0.00 0.00
d=G2+L2
Page 64
Additional moment on Fill 2 side 0.00 Referdesigndataformoment=M/L'
=TotalbasepressureRS*CGfromRWF2*(L2GF1)
Moment at R (base) (kN-m/m) 135.93
vemomentsindicatetensionattop
V
Point Case Tension at Explanation
kN/m
Q 1 Top 73.85 =TotalbasepressurePQWeightofFill1WF1
R 1 Bottom 130.18 =TotalbasepressureRSWF2
Astforcalculatingpermissibleshearstressisbasedonthetensionreinforcement
Case 2 Case 3
Load /m
Moment Moment
along length Distance Distance
Description about P about S
V from P d from S d
V*d V*d
kN/m m kN-m/m m kN-m/m
Horizontal pressure Fill 1 295.31
Horizontal pressure Fill 2 -295.31 -295.31
Weight of Fill 1 on footing 157.50 1.00 3.70 157.50
Weight of Fill 2 on footing 157.50 3.70 582.75 1.00 582.75
Self weight of footing on Fill 1 side 25.00 1.00 25.00 3.70 25.00
Self weight of footing on Fill 2 side 25.00 3.70 92.50 1.00 92.50
Page 65
Self weight of central portion of footing 8.75 2.35 20.56 2.35 20.56
Self weight of wall 93.75 2.26 212.19 2.44 212.19
Addl vertical load on Fill 1 side 0.00 2.00 0.00 2.70 0.00
Addl vertical load on Fill 2 side 0.00 2.70 0.00 2.00 0.00
Addl vertical load at top of wall 0.00 2.26 0.00 2.44 0.00
Addl moment on Fill 1 side 0.00 0.00
Addl moment on Fill 2 side 0.00 0.00
Addl moment on top of wall 0.00 0.00
V Tension V
Point Case Tension at Point Case
kN/m at kN/m
Q 2 Bottom 135.25 Q 3 Bottom 18.97
R 2 Top 78.92 R 3 Bottom 13.90
UnfactoredmomentM=Calculatedmomentforfill1/fill2+Addlmoment,ifanyforfill1/fill2
Reinforcementiscalculatedforfactoredmoments;LoadFactor=1.5
Mu=M*1.5 Mu=Factoredmoments
Page 66
2
Alternatively,requiredreinforcementbasedonthevaluesofMu/bd canbetakenfromSP16
MinreinforcementiscalculatedaspertheprovisionsofIS3370(Part2)2009
Percentageofminreinforcement%= 0.35 Surfacezonethickness=0.5*D(max250mm)
2
Minreinforcement(mm )=reinf%*1000*surfacezonethickness/100
Reiforcementrequired=Max(AstforMu,Minreinforcement)
Moment
Moment Mu Provided Ast for Reinf
Location unfactor d = D - c' Mu/bd2 % Ast Min Reinf
Factor Th D Mu required
M
kN-m/m kN-m/m mm mm mm2 mm
2
mm
2
Q - Top 79.60 119.40 500 447 0.598 0.141 629 875 875
Q - Bot 142.25 213.38 500 462 1.000 0.239 1106 875 1106
R - Top 85.92 128.88 500 447 0.645 0.152 680 875 875
R - Bot 135.93 203.89 500 462 0.955 0.228 1055 875 1055
Summaryofreinforcementasshownbelowgivesthefollowinginformation:
Outlineoffootingandwallhasbeenshownusingthicklines.
(a)Typeoffillsonbothsidesofwall
(b)Lengthandthicknessoffootingoneitherside
(c)ReinforcementinwallonFill1andFill2face
(d)Requiredreinforcement,providedreinforcementandareaofreinforcementforP,Q,R,S
(e)Distributionreinforcementrequiredandprovidedonbothsidesofthefill
(f)RequirementofreinforceemntandprovidedreinforcementatA,B,CandD,incaseofcurtailment
Provided Th
Point Case Tension at Face c' d
D
mm mm mm
Q 1 Top Water 500 53 447
Q 2 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
Page 67
Q 3 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
R 1 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
R 2 Top Water 500 53 447
R 3 Bottom Earth 500 38 462
FactoredShearVu=1.5*V
Ast=providedtensionreinfFill1reinfforCase1&Fill2reinfforCase2
%Ast=Ast(provided)*100/(1000*d)
Shearstrengthofconcreteciscalculatedfromtable19ofIS4562000
Shearstrengthismultipliedbyfactorforenhancedshearstrengthofconcretenearsupport.
Referclause40.5and40.2.1.1ofIS4562000forenhancementofshearstrength
cismultipliedby2forshearstrengthatedge,becauseshearstressbeingveryclosetosupport
cisalsomultipliedbyanotherfactorforsolidslabs1.0to1.3dependingonthicknessofslab
c,maxisaspertable20ofIS4562000
CheckforshearisOK,ifv<Factor*candv<0.5*c,max
Shear
Nominal
Point & Factored Provided Strength Maximum Check for
Shear V d shear stress % Ast
Case Shear Vu Ast Factor * c,max Shear
v
c
kN/m kN/m mm N/mm2 mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2
Q-1 73.85 110.78 447 0.248 1340 0.30 0.80 3.50 OK
Q-2 135.25 202.88 462 0.439 3020 0.65 1.10 3.50 OK
Q-3 18.97 28.46 462 0.062 3020 0.65 1.10 3.50 OK
R-1 130.18 195.28 462 0.423 2454 0.53 1.02 3.50 OK
R-2 78.92 118.39 447 0.265 1340 0.30 0.80 3.50 OK
R-3 13.90 20.85 462 0.045 2454 0.53 1.02 3.50 OK
CheckforcrackwidthisdonefortheenvelopemomentsatQandR
MomentMistheforcesactingonthesection
As=Reinforcementontensionface;As'=Reinforcementoncompressionface/lesstensileface
ProcedureforcalculationofcrackwidthSectioninBending
Notethatthecrackwidthiscalculatedforvaluesofdia,spacingsandcr
asgivenindesignparameters.
CalculatingdepthofNAfortheprovidedreinforcementAsandAs'
fc=stressinextremecompressionfibre
fsandfs'=stressinreinfneartensionandcompressionfacerespectively
Page 68
x=DepthofNA
d=Effectivedepth=Dc' c'=Effectivecover(mm)
d'=distanceofcentreofcompressionreinforcementfromextremecompressionfibre
Relationbetweenthestressesisasgivenbelow:
NetTensionT=TotaltensileforceTTotalcompressiveforceC
Takingmomentaboutthetensionreinforcement
Aboveequationsaresolvedforthevaluesoffc,fs,fs'andx.
ReferIS3370(Part2)2009forcrackwidthcalculations
1=Straininextremetensionfibre=
2=Strainduetostiffeningeffectinconcrete=
m=Averagesurfacestrain=12
Crackwidthw=
Permissiblevalues
Stressinreinforcement(N/mm2)=0.8*fy= 400
2
Bendingstressinextremecompressionfibrefc(N/mm )=0.45*fck= 13.5
Page 69
DESIGN OF SLABS, BEAMS &
COLUMNS
Page 70
DesignofSlab: SI Location: TopofTank TOC: 205.000
Loaddistributionalongshortandlongspan
Ly/Lx= 1.23 Twoway slab
kx= 0.698
ky= 0.302
MomentBottom 6.69
Shortspan
MomentcoeffBottom 10 MomentTop 6.69
MomentcoeffTop 10 MomentBottom 2.90
Longspan
MomentTop 2.90
c c' d w s cr c ct
30 10 35 115 0.2 250 124.81 13.5 3.6
Areaofsteelcalculationbylimitstatedesignmethodandcheckingbylimitstateofserviceability
RefSP16andIS4562000ClG1.1forsectionswithoutcompressionreinforcement
RefIS33702009(Part2)AppendixB
p% fst fsc s m
Short Bottom 0.4553 121.3 6.06E04 8.53E04 5.42E04 3.11E04
span Top 0.4553 121.3 6.06E04 8.53E04 5.42E04 3.11E04
Page 71
Bottom 0.3415 69.3 3.47E04 4.82E04 7.35E04 2.53E04
Longspan
Top 0.3415 69.3 3.47E04 4.82E04 7.35E04 2.53E04
w fc fct
Short Bottom 0.045 4.38
span Top 0.045 4.38
Bottom 0.037 2.13
Longspan
Top 0.037 2.13
CheckforShear
Additionalshearforce,ifany 0.00
RefIS456:2000Cl40.2.1.1,Table19
Permissibleshearstressinslabs=kc= 0.624 [k=1.3] N/mm2
v<0.5*c,max;v<kc CheckforShear OK
CheckforDeflection
RefIS4562000Cl23.2.1,Cl24.1
LoadfromSlabonbeams
Page 72
DesignofSlab: SII Location: FloorSlabofPanelRoom TOC: 205.000
Loaddistributionalongshortandlongspan
Ly/Lx= 1.03 Twoway slab
kx= 0.534
ky= 0.466
MomentBottom 6.42
Shortspan
MomentcoeffBottom 10 MomentTop 6.42
MomentcoeffTop 10 MomentBottom 5.61
Longspan
MomentTop 5.61
c c' d w s cr c ct
30 10 35 115 0.2 250 124.81 13.5 3.6
Areaofsteelcalculationbylimitstatedesignmethodandcheckingbylimitstateofserviceability
RefSP16andIS4562000ClG1.1forsectionswithoutcompressionreinforcement
RefIS33702009(Part2)AppendixB
p% fst fsc s m
Short Bottom 0.4553 116.4 5.82E04 8.19E04 5.42E04 2.77E04
span Top 0.4553 116.4 5.82E04 8.19E04 5.42E04 2.77E04
Page 73
Bottom 0.3415 134.2 6.71E04 9.34E04 7.35E04 1.99E04
Longspan
Top 0.3415 134.2 6.71E04 9.34E04 7.35E04 1.99E04
w fc fct
Short Bottom 0.040 4.21
span Top 0.040 4.21
Bottom 0.029 4.12
Longspan
Top 0.029 4.12
CheckforShear
Additionalshearforce,ifany 0.00
RefIS456:2000Cl40.2.1.1,Table19
Permissibleshearstressinslabs=kc= 0.624 [k=1.3] N/mm2
v<0.5*c,max;v<kc CheckforShear OK
CheckforDeflection
RefIS4562000Cl23.2.1,Cl24.1
LoadfromSlabonbeams
Page 74
DesignofSlab: SIII Location: RoofSlabofPanelRoom TOC: 209.300
Loaddistributionalongshortandlongspan
Ly/Lx= 1.88 Twoway slab
kx= 0.926
ky= 0.074
MomentBottom 8.42
Shortspan
MomentcoeffBottom 10 MomentTop 10.53
MomentcoeffTop 8 MomentBottom 0.67
Longspan
MomentTop 0.84
c c' d w s cr c ct
30 10 35 115 0.2 250 124.81 13.5 3.6
Areaofsteelcalculationbylimitstatedesignmethodandcheckingbylimitstateofserviceability
RefSP16andIS4562000ClG1.1forsectionswithoutcompressionreinforcement
RefIS33702009(Part2)AppendixB
p% fst fsc s m
Short Bottom 0.4553 152.7 7.64E04 1.07E03 5.42E04 5.32E04
span Top 0.4553 190.9 9.54E04 1.34E03 5.42E04 8.01E04
Page 75
Bottom 0.3415 16.1 8.03E05 1.12E04 7.35E04 6.23E04
Longspan
Top 0.3415 20.1 1.00E04 1.40E04 7.35E04 5.95E04
w fc fct
Short Bottom 0.078 5.52
span Top 0.117 6.90
Bottom 0.092 0.49
Longspan
Top 0.088 0.62
CheckforShear
Additionalshearforce,ifany 0.00
RefIS456:2000Cl40.2.1.1,Table19
Permissibleshearstressinslabs=kc= 0.624 [k=1.3] N/mm2
v<0.5*c,max;v<kc CheckforShear OK
CheckforDeflection
RefIS4562000Cl23.2.1,Cl24.1
LoadfromSlabonbeams
Page 76
DesignofBeam: BI Location: TopofTank TOC: 205.000
Calculatingmoments&shearforceduetoconcloads&udlinsimplysupportedbeam
Calculatedmomentsaredistributed(hogging&sagging)togetaddlmomentsduetoconcloads
0.0 0.0 0.0 93.8 93.8 2.04 95.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
TotalmomentHogging 63.79
TotalmomentSagging 76.55
c c' d w s cr
45 8 49 401 0.2 150 85.59
Areaofsteelcalculationbylimitstatedesignmethod
RefSP16andIS4562000ClG1.1&G1.2forsectionswithorwithoutcompressionreinforcement
LimitingmomentofresistancekNm= 192.48
2
Minreinforcementmm = 205 Maxreinforcementmm2= 5400
2
M Mu SR/DR Mu/bd d'/d %&Ast(required)
Hoggingmoment 63.79 95.68 SR 1.983 0.497 598
Saggingmoment 76.55 114.82 SR 2.380 0.609 733
Astand%(provided)
Hoggingmoment 000+320 942 0.783 0.00783
Saggingmoment 320+216 1345 1.118 0.01118
Page 77
Checkingforlimitingstateofserviceability
RefIS4562000AppendixFandIS33702009(Part2)AppendixB
M x z fs 1 2 m w
Hoggingmoment 63.79 126.79 358.74 188.67 0.0011 0.0002 0.0009 0.1867
Saggingmoment 76.55 146.03 352.32 161.58 0.0010 0.0001 0.0008 0.1679
M x fs As fc c
Hoggingmoment 63.79 126.79 188.67 942 9.35 13.50
Saggingmoment 76.55 146.03 161.58 1345 9.92 13.50
CheckforShear
Additionalshearforce,ifany 0.00
%ofreinforcement= 0.783
2
Shearstress(N/mm )= 1.170 Permissibleshearstress= 0.600
RefIS456:2000Table19
Maxshearstress= 3.500
RefIS4562000Table20Cl40.2.3
Designofshearreinf.verticalstirrupsbylimitstatemethodofdesign
RefSP161980Table62&IS4562000,Cl40.4a
2
Valueoffyfordesignofshearstirrups= 415 N/mm
Minimumshearreinforcementintheformofstirrups
RefIS456:2000Cl26.5.1.6
stirrup Provide
stirrupdia no.ofstirrup Max
spacing spacing
mm legs spacingmm
mm mm
300
Page 78
CheckforDeflection
RefIS4562000Cl23.2.1,Cl24.1
Loadfrombeamoncolumns
Page 79
DesignofBeam: BII Location: RoofSlabofPanelRoom TOC: 209.300
Calculatingmoments&shearforceduetoconcloads&udlinsimplysupportedbeam
Calculatedmomentsaredistributed(hogging&sagging)togetaddlmomentsduetoconcloads
0.0 0.0 0.0 92.9 92.9 3.12 144.7 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
TotalmomentHogging 96.46
TotalmomentSagging 115.75
c c' d w s cr
45 20 55 470 0.2 150 83.01
Areaofsteelcalculationbylimitstatedesignmethod
RefSP16andIS4562000ClG1.1&G1.2forsectionswithorwithoutcompressionreinforcement
LimitingmomentofresistancekNm= 264.42
2
Minreinforcementmm = 240 Maxreinforcementmm2= 6300
2
M Mu SR/DR Mu/bd d'/d %&Ast(required)
Hoggingmoment 96.46 144.69 SR 2.183 0.553 780
Saggingmoment 115.75 173.63 SR 2.620 0.680 958
Astand%(provided)
Hoggingmoment 320+216 1345 0.954 0.00954
Saggingmoment 320+216 1345 0.954 0.00954
Page 80
Checkingforlimitingstateofserviceability
RefIS4562000AppendixFandIS33702009(Part2)AppendixB
M x z fs 1 2 m w
Hoggingmoment 96.46 160.81 416.40 172.29 0.0010 0.0002 0.0009 0.1762
Saggingmoment 115.75 160.81 416.40 206.74 0.0012 0.0002 0.0011 0.2180
M x fs As fc c
Hoggingmoment 96.46 160.81 172.29 1345 9.60 13.50
Saggingmoment 115.75 160.81 206.74 1345 11.52 13.50
CheckforShear
Additionalshearforce,ifany 0.00
%ofreinforcement= 0.954
2
Shearstress(N/mm )= 0.988 Permissibleshearstress= 0.640
RefIS456:2000Table19
Maxshearstress= 3.500
RefIS4562000Table20Cl40.2.3
Designofshearreinf.verticalstirrupsbylimitstatemethodofdesign
RefSP161980Table62&IS4562000,Cl40.4a
2
Valueoffyfordesignofshearstirrups= 415 N/mm
Minimumshearreinforcementintheformofstirrups
RefIS456:2000Cl26.5.1.6
stirrup Provide
stirrupdia no.ofstirrup Max
spacing spacing
mm legs spacingmm
mm mm
300
Page 81
CheckforDeflection
RefIS4562000Cl23.2.1,Cl24.1
Loadfrombeamoncolumns
Page 82
DesignofBeam: BIII Location: RoofSlabofPanelRoom TOC: 209.300
Calculatingmoments&shearforceduetoconcloads&udlinsimplysupportedbeam
Calculatedmomentsaredistributed(hogging&sagging)togetaddlmomentsduetoconcloads
0.0 0.0 0.0 47.1 47.1 1.66 39.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0 0.0
TotalmomentHogging 25.97
TotalmomentSagging 31.16
c c' d w s cr
45 16 53 397 0.2 150 83.84
Areaofsteelcalculationbylimitstatedesignmethod
RefSP16andIS4562000ClG1.1&G1.2forsectionswithorwithoutcompressionreinforcement
LimitingmomentofresistancekNm= 188.66
2
Minreinforcementmm = 202 Maxreinforcementmm2= 5400
2
M Mu SR/DR Mu/bd d'/d %&Ast(required)
Hoggingmoment 25.97 38.95 SR 0.824 0.196 233
Saggingmoment 31.16 46.74 SR 0.989 0.237 282
Astand%(provided)
Hoggingmoment 000+216 402 0.338 0.00338
Saggingmoment 000+316 603 0.506 0.00506
Page 83
Checkingforlimitingstateofserviceability
RefIS4562000AppendixFandIS33702009(Part2)AppendixB
M x z fs 1 2 m w
Hoggingmoment 25.97 87.92 367.69 175.62 0.0010 0.0005 0.0005 0.1038
Saggingmoment 31.16 104.72 362.09 142.67 0.0008 0.0003 0.0005 0.1036
M x fs As fc c
Hoggingmoment 25.97 87.92 175.62 402 5.35 13.50
Saggingmoment 31.16 104.72 142.67 603 5.48 13.50
CheckforShear
Additionalshearforce,ifany 0.00
%ofreinforcement= 0.338
2
Shearstress(N/mm )= 0.593 Permissibleshearstress= 0.420
RefIS456:2000Table19
Maxshearstress= 3.500
RefIS4562000Table20Cl40.2.3
Designofshearreinf.verticalstirrupsbylimitstatemethodofdesign
RefSP161980Table62&IS4562000,Cl40.4a
2
Valueoffyfordesignofshearstirrups= 415 N/mm
Minimumshearreinforcementintheformofstirrups
RefIS456:2000Cl26.5.1.6
stirrup Provide
stirrupdia no.ofstirrup Max
spacing spacing
mm legs spacingmm
mm mm
298
Page 84
CheckforDeflection
RefIS4562000Cl23.2.1,Cl24.1
Loadfrombeamoncolumns
Page 85
Project: CLEARWATERRESERVOIRATKALINDIKUNJ CalculatingloadonColumns
Length Length
Loadfrom Direction Sign Load/m Length Load Moment
taken taken
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Beam XX BI Plus 93.81 63.79
Beam XX BI Minus 93.81 63.79
Beam YY BI Plus 93.81 63.79
Beam YY BI Minus 93.81 63.79
Beam
Beam
Col Ftgs Addlloadand 10.00 YY
%ageofmomentstobetakenin Muy= 50 25 moments 10.00 XX
designofcols&footings Mux= 50 25 Totalloadand 10.00 YY
375.22
Pu= 562.84 Muy= 7.50 Mux= 7.50 moments 10.00 XX
Length Length
Loadfrom Direction Sign Load/m Length Load Moment
taken taken
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Wall
Beam XX BIII Plus 47.07 25.97
Beam XX BIII Minus 47.07 25.97
Beam YY BII Plus 92.90 96.46
Beam
Beam
Beam
Col Ftgs Addlloadand YY
%ageofmomentstobetakenin Muy= 50 25 moments XX
designofcols&footings Mux= 50 25 Totalloadand 96.46 YY
187.04
Pu= 280.56 Muy= 72.35 Mux= 0.00 moments 0.00 XX
Page 86
Project: CLEARWATERRESERVOIRATKALINDIKUNJ
SummaryofLoadonColumnsDesignofColumns
Unsuppor
Effective
TSC20 Column Location ted Pu Muy Mux Group
Length
Length
CI TANK 6.85 8.22 562.84 7.50 7.50 C1
CII PANELROOM 4.30 5.16 280.56 72.35 C2
SummaryofLoadonColumnsDesignofFootings
Column Location Group P My Mx FGroup
CI TANK C1 375.22 1.88 1.88 F1
Page 87
Name of the Project: CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR AT KALSub-project: TANK
Layer Y2
Page 88
Name of the Project: CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR AT KAL Sub-project: TANK
F Group C1
20 16 20 830 63.0
16 16 402 225.0
20 16 20 830 387.0
Minimum eccentricity 31 31 mm
Permitted eccentricity 23 23 mm
Moment due to e min 17.4 17.4 KN-m
Design Moments 17.4 17.4 KN-m
Slenderness ratio 18 18
Additional Moments 42.3 42.3 KN-m
Pb 1250.6 1250.6 KN
Puz 3479.2 3479.2 KN
Modification factor k 1.00 1.00
Total design moments Mu 59.7 59.7 KN-m
Page 89
Name of the Project: CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR AT KALSub-project: PANEL ROOM
Layer Y2
Page 90
Name of the Project: CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR AT KAL Sub-project: PANEL ROOM
F Group C2
16 16 16 603 61.0
16 16 16 603 239.0
Minimum eccentricity 25 20 mm
Permitted eccentricity 23 15 mm
Moment due to e min 7.0 5.6 KN-m
Design Moments 72.3 5.6 KN-m
Slenderness ratio 11 17
Additional Moments 0.0 12.5 KN-m
Pb 842.1 749.4 KN
Puz 2258.5 2258.5 KN
Modification factor k 1.00 1.00
Total design moments Mu 72.3 18.1 KN-m
Page 91
DESIGN OF BI-AXIAL ISOLATED RCC FOOTING (IS 456, 2000)
Project : CLEAR WATER RESERVOIR AT KALINDIKUNJ
2
Location : Column C-I TANK fck = 30 N/mm
2
Footing Number: F-I fy = 500 N/mm
2
Final group: F1 Net SBC = 79.2 KN/m
COLUMN
X-X (l, dim. || X axis ) = 450 mm
Y-Y (b, dim. || Y axis) = 450 mm
LOADS (WORKING)
Unfactored Loads
Axial load from output (Pu) = 375.22 KN
Moment about X axis (Mx)= 1.88 KN-m
Moment about Y axis (My)= 1.88 KN-m
FOOTING
Foot X-X (L, dim. || X axis) = 2.4 m
Foot Y-Y (B, dim. || Y axis) = 2.4 m
Thickness of footing (D) = 300 mm global
Y
Thickness of footing at edge(t) = 300 mm Y-Y = 2.4 m l
Clear cover of footing = 50 mm
Default bar dia of footing = 10 mm
Effective depth of footing (d)= 245 mm global
Effective thickness at edge(ti) = 245 mm b X
Selfweight of the footing = 43.20 KN l
Area of Footing(A) = 5.76 m2
Sect mod of foot about X axis (Zx) = 2.30 m3 X-X = 2.4 m
3
Sec mod of foot about Y axis (Zy) = 2.30 m
Page 92
Hence provide 10 mm dia bar @ 150 mm c/c parellel to breadth of footing ( || to Y)
Page 93