Name: Cristina Silva

Period: 3

BLOOD VESSELS
1. For the list of vessels below, note whether it is an artery or vein or both
and describe its location.

Vessel Name Artery/Vein/Both Location Description

Common carotid Artery Between neck and head
Brachiocephalic Artery Upper limbs from head and neck
Subclavian Arteries Upper thorax

Jugular Vein Root of neck

Vena Cava Vein Right atrium of heart
Aorta Artery Top of left ventricle
Common iliac Artery Aortic bifurcation
Femoral Artery Near abdomen down to legs
Renal
Pulmonary Artery Lungs
Coronary Artery Root of aorta
Cardiac Vein Heart
External iliac Veins Terminal branch
Axillary Artery Upper chest surrounding axilla

2. Read the following passage about muscle contraction moving blood.

In addition to pressure gradients, there are other mechanisms that aid venous
return of blood to the heart. These include pumping actions of noncardiac
muscles as well as movements of the heart itself, and they depend on the valves in
the veins, which point in the direction of the heart. This orientation ensures a
forward flow toward the heart: blood flowing forward forces the valves open;
backflow snaps them shut. The picture below shows this action in a vein lodged
between two skeletal muscles. When the muscles are relaxed, blood flows forward
because of the pressure gradient described above, and the vein fills with blood.
The contracting muscles squeeze on the vein and force blood in all directions.
Blood flowing backward closes the bottom valve, but forward-flowing blood keeps
the upper valve open so that blood spurts in the forward direction. When the
muscle relaxes, there is no longer any external force pushing on the venous walls:
the pressure gradient from below (farthest from the heart) forces blood flow in the
forward direction, opening the lower valve and reestablishing the initial condition.
Thus, each time the muscle contracts and relaxes a spurt of venous blood is sent
toward the heart. This action is called the muscle pump.
A good illustration of the importance of the muscle pump in exercise is provided
when a runner remains motionless just after finishing a strenuous race. His cardiac
output is still high and his capillaries and small blood vessels are still dilated in
response to the exercise. Without the muscle pump the veins are quickly drained,
venous return to the heart decreases, and the cardiac output may falter sufficiently
to compromise the blood supply to the brain. Fainting can be avoided if the runner
continues mild exercise for a few minutes.

What causes the valves in the veins to open? Pumping actions allow the valves to open,
blood flowing forward forces the valves to open

What causes the valves in the veins to close? Backflow makes them shut

Describe how the muscle pump works (not the heart).The pressure gradient from below
(farthest from the heart) forces blood flow in the
forward direction, opening the lower valve and reestablishing the initial condition.
Thus, each time the muscle contracts and relaxes a spurt of venous blood is sent
toward the heart.

A runner who remains motionless after completing a strenuous race may faint. Why? His
blood is rushing to fast all over his body and not enough oxygen is going to his head
causing him to faint.
3. Examine the cross section of an artery and vein.

Which letter represents the artery? B

How do you know this is an artery? That is where the blood

flows so it must be B

Which letter represents the vein? A

How do you know this is a vein? It is a circle where the vein is located

4. Decide which vessel is being described below. (Can be more than one)

__A__Carry blood away from heart _E____Carry blood toward the heart

_C____Walls consist of 3 layers ___B__Have the thickest walls

 _A____Walls 1 cell layer thick _E____Branch to form capillaries

____D_Have valves __C___Smallest, most numerous

___B__Branch to form Arterioles ___D__Site of gas exchange

____C_Converge to form Veins

5. Explain what you think goes wrong when varicose (enlarged) veins appear on
legs.
It is dead blood that gets build up in the veins on the legs and then becomes visible
a large vein popping out from your skin.

6. How can you tell by simple observation whether bleeding is arterial or venous?
You can tell by the color of the blood.