THE EMERGENCE OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Social Movements

GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY Globalization may be regarded as the latest stage of

- emerged on 1990 Capitalism
- Conceptual partners:
Globalization SPECIFIC CRITISM OF GLOBALIZATION
Global Governance
Perception of globalization as one root causes of
- used primarily to refer NGOs operating internationally
numerous evils:
GCC AS A PARTNER IN GLOBAL Environmental damage
GOVERNANCE
Gap between rich and poor countries
WORLD CONGRESS OF INTERNATIONAL Growing 3rd world indebtedness
ASSOCIATIONS Deteriorating conditions of labour (especially
- held in Brussels in 1910 women)
- 132 International Nongovernmental Organizations
(INGOs) represented Anti-Globalization protesters cover a range of
viewpoints to see radical reforms of World Bank and
LEAGUE OF NATIONS IMF, also the wanting to bring about the collapse of
- some INGOS were given the right to attend and speak entire capitalist system. These called for the structural
at some of the committees but not to vote adjustment of national economies to make them:
ARTICLE 71 More open to trade
- gave the ECOSOC the capacity to make suitable Less controlled by the government
arrangements for consultation with non-governmental
More privately owned
organizations which are concerned with matters within
its competence Create more jobs
Give poorer countries greater access to foreign
WORLD BANK capital and advanced technology
- defined NGOs which clearly implied their possession To make companies more competitive
of quasi-governance function
- associated with NGOs in their activities namely:
Banks mission to specific countries NAFTA (NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE
Collaborated with TRANSPARENCY AGREEMENT)
INTERNATIONAL on its work against
corruption Agreement signed by Canada, Mexico and
Incorporated with NGO environmental concerns United States creating a trilateral trade bloc in
in its policy-making North America
Came into force on January 1, 1994
1984 CONVENTION AGAINST TORTURE a 7% of indigenous people migrated to US years
product of a long-term campaign by Amnesty after the implementation of NAFTA because
International and other NGOs farm price productions became very low and it
provided no jobs for the farm workers.
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL COURT (ICC)
NGOs also influenced ICC in improving their President Tommy Suharto
international standards
The second president of Indonesia
1997 TREATY BANNING ANTIPERSONNEL Came to the 1997APEC Conference in
LANDMINES a notable achievement which main
Vancouver with bodyguards endangering the
outcome was to ban landmines
safety of the people.
LEGITIMATION OF GLOBAL GOVERNANCE Known for his crimes against humanity and
- second major role: helping to legitimize global peace and the mass murdering that killed more
governance than 20,000 people most of which are part of
- the participation of NGOs in UN and other IGO Indonesian Communist Party
activities
- playing several roles on the international stage DEMONSTRATIONS (PROTESTS)
equivalent to those played by national groups
- Commission on Global Governance Large Scale Demonstrations
- mobilize public opinion a. Estimated at no less than 40,000 protesters,
dwarfed any previous demonstrations in the
INSPECTION PANEL United States against a world meeting of any
- established in 1994 of the organizations (World Trade
- empowered to hear and investigate claims from NGOs
Organization, IMF, or World Bank)
and other civil society group who believe that they are or
1999 Seattle WTO Protests
might be adversely affected by Bank projects
a. Battle in Seattle
TWO FUNCTIONS OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY b. Series of protests surrounding the WTO
Ministerial Conference of 1999.
To make the global governance more accountable c. The negotiations were quickly
and legitimate overshadowed by massive and controversial
street protests outside Washington State
Advocacy Networks Convention and Trade Center, in what
 became the 2nd phase of anti-globalization
movement in United States.
Demonstrations in Washington
a. After the Seattle WTO protests,
demonstrations took place in Washington,
Prague, Florence and elsewhere, with one
protester killed by police at Genoa in July
2001.
Zapatistas
a. Zapatista Army of National Liberalism
b. Revolutionary leftist political and militant
group based in Chiapas, the southernmost
state of Mexico
c. Was seen by some analysts as a forerunner
of the wider anti-globalization movement
ORGANISED ACTIVITS COALITION
Their work is carried out via internet. They spread the
evil-doings of IGOs and their coming demonstrations
Direct Action Network
Alliance for Global Justice
Global Action
50 Years is Enough (US network for Global
Economic Justice)
CRITIQUES OF GLOBAL CIVIL SOCIETY
Civil Society remains largely a phenomenon
associated with wealthier Northern States and
the poorer South (provides only 20% of NGOs)
Northern NGOs may have self-interested
motives for keeping the South NGOs
subordinate: a claim that they might be
jeopardized if there was a stronger South-based
transnational Civil Society
Difficulties of the global human rights agenda
dominated by Western NGOs which may lack
sensitivity towards and understanding different
cultures