10

.

.
.
.

.
,

.
, ,
.

.
.

r .

.

( )
.
(r, ), r


.

10.1
 ()

,
.


,
s.
r

s = r

10.1

:
s
=
r
, .

.
,
.

10.1


360
1 rad = = 57.3
2


( rad ) = ( )
180

10.1
 ( )
,
.
.


.
x.
x
.

10.1


.
= f i

r.

10.1


f i
= =
tf t i t

10.1


, ,

t .

lim d
t 0 =
t dt

( ).
/.
rad/s s-1

( ).

( ).
10.1


.
f i
= =
tf t i t
,
,
t 0.

lim d
t 0 =
t dt

10.1
 ()

( ).
rad/s s-2 .
.

.

10.1
 ,

,


.
, ,
.

10.1
,

,


.


.

10.1


.
,
.
.
, .
.

.

.

,
.

10.2


,
.

.

.

.
.

10.2


f = i + t
1
. f = i + i t + t 2
2


f2 = i2 + 2 (f i )
1
f = i + (i + f ) t
2
x

v

10.2


10.2


, .

s = r

v = r

= r

10.3

(velocity)
.

.

ds d
v= =r = r
dt dt
r
,
.


.

10.3


dv d
t = =r = r
dt dt

10.3


,
.
,
.
r,
.

10.3


.
,
.
v2
C = = r2
r

10.3


.

.
:

= t2 + r2 = r 2 2 + r 2 4 = r 2 + 4

10.3


(CD),



(vt = r).
,

-
1.3 m/s.
,

, .

10.3


,
.

Ki = mivi2
r
, vi = ir.

10.4
 ()

.
1
K R = K i = mi ri 2 2
i i 2

1 2 2 1 2
KR =
2 i
mi ri

=
2
I

I .

10.4
 ( )

(K = mv 2) (KR = I2).
.
,
.
joule (J).

10.4


I = ri 2mi
i
ML2 SI kg.m2.

( mi).
,
.

,

.
,
.

10.5
 ()

, .
,
, mi.
I m.
I = mi lim0 ri 2 mi = r 2dm

i ,
I = r 2dV
,
. ,

.

10.5


:
= m/V

, t :
= t

:
= m/L =

10.5


10.5


dm = dx
,
L/2 M
I y = r 2dm = x2 dx
L / 2 L
1
I= ML2
12

10.5


r, dr
L.
dm = dV = 2(Lr)dr
, I

Iz = r 2dm = 2
r (2 L r dr )
1
Iz = MR 2
2

10.5


,
.
,
.
: I = I + MD 2.
I
.
I
.
D .

10.5

()

1
IM = ML2
12
D L.
,
I = IM + MD2
2
1 L 1
I= ML2 + M = ML2
12 2 3

10.5


.
, :
= rF sin = Fd
F .
.

d .

.
.

10.6
 ()

d


.
d = r sin

(F cos )
.
.

, .

, .

10.6

r
F1
.
r
F2
.
= 1 + 2 = F1d1 F2d2

10.6


.
.
.

.
.

10.6


SI N.m.
,
.
N.m. joule.

10.6


m
r
.

:
Ft = mt

.

10.7
 , ()
r
Ft

= Ft r = (mt)r


= (mt)r = (mr)r = (mr2)
mr 2 ,
= I

.

10.7
 ,

dm
.

.

.

dFt = (dm)t

,
d. = rdFt = trdm = r2dm

10.7
 , ()

. = r 2dm = r 2dm
= .

.

.
.
()
.

.

10.7


,

.
,


.
,


.
, .

10.7


:


.

.
,
= .

.
,

.
Fy = my = mg T

10.7


r
F

ds = r d.

r r

dW = F ds

= ( F sin ) r d


.

10.8


dt

dW d
= P = = =
dt dt
P = Fv .

10.8
 -

- ,


.
f 1 2 1 2
W = i
I d = If Ii
2 2

10.8
 - ,

-
-
,

,
.

10.8


10.8
 Atwood

, ,

,
.

.


.

.

10.8


.
.
.
,
.

10.9
 ,

ds d
v = =R = R
dt dt

dv M d
M = =R = R
dt dt

10.9
, ()

.

().

10.9


.
K = I2 + Mv2
I2
.
Mv2
.

10.9



.

.



.
,


.


.
10.9
 ()

:
U = 0
Kf + U f = Ki + Ui
1 IM 2
Kf = (I/R2)v2 + Mv2 = 2
+ M v M
2 R
Ui = Mgh
Uf = Ki = 0
v
1
2

2gh
v M =
I
1 + M
2
MR

10.9


.

.

v
.
10.9
 ()
, ()
.

.
.

10.9