What is Autism?

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder is the wide arena of many complicated childhood disorder,
causing mild to severe impairment in the normal brain development of the child. On a general
note it is referred to as neurological disorder during the first three years of life with triad of
restrictions in the mental abilities such as social interactions, social communication and repetitive
behaviour or flexi thinking due to unprocessed sensory information. Thus, in short an Autistic
child, is the child with the special needs that can be taken care of in a very special way!

How prevalent is Autism?

Initially, autism was thought to be a very rare disorder, identified occasionally in one to two
children out of ten thousand live births. As per the CDC estimation, the prevalence of autistic cases
in 1990s was 1 in 2500 which later increased to 1 in 1000 and currently almost 1 kid out of 88
children is reported to be suffering from any of the different forms of ASD. It has as well been
estimated that the reported cases of autism are almost five times more common among boys than
in girls irrespective of all racial, ethnic and socioeconomic groups.

Factors responsible for Autism

Although with the increasing prevalence, it is still not clear as how the autism brain can be
different from the typical brain! Although many theories have been put forth concluding that a
single factor cannot be blamed for its occurrence, researchers have linked it up with various
genetic and environmental problems. It has been observed that some children with hereditary
genetic makeup are born susceptible to autism, whereas many other studies have indicated that
certain factors like smoking, drug addiction, alcohol consumption, viral infection, metabolic
imbalances, chemical exposure, allergies etc. during pregnancy can be responsible to cause
abnormal structural brain development.

Symptoms Associated with the Autism

The diagnosis of autism is done on the basis of some testing as well as series of symptomatic
observation by paediatrician, child psychologist or a paediatric neurologist. Although there are
wide exhibition of various abnormalities and symptoms; some of the characteristic clear
evidences reported in the infancy for ASD are:

Lack of eye contact.

Unresponsiveness towards the smile, name or to the familiar voice.
Lack of babbling or baby talks.
Disinterested to be picked up, cuddled or to be touched.

As the child grows the symptoms for autism become more diverse although typically revolving
around the impaired social skills, verbal and nonverbal language difficulty and inflexible
behaviour, some of the common symptoms identified in early childhood are:

Impaired verbal communication with difficulty in using and understanding words.

Impaired non verbal communication such as gestures, facial expressions and unusual
reaction to sight, smell, toys or colors.
Abnormal voices, tones or pitch, repetition of the same words or phrases again and again.
Disinterest in communication, making friends or playing in groups.
Abnormal posture, clumsiness or unusual movement.
 Absolute rigidness to change from a daily routine.
Obsessively unusual attachments to certain things such as keys, switchboards, coins, etc.
Repetitive actions over and over again such as clapping, twirling, rocking, spinning in
circle, etc.
Lack of concentration, self restriction.

Although, till date there is no full proof cure available for autism, researchers all over the world
are trying their level best to shed light on many unknown facets of ASD by combining the different
approaches of molecular biology, cell biology, neurosciences. In the meantime, many children are
relieved through the contemporary stem cell technology.

What goes wrong in Autism!

In general, it has been evidently acknowledged that the autism is caused by structural and
thereafter functional abnormality of the brain. The brain is the pivotal organ in maintaining
functional integrity of the body. This has been achieved in a very well and coordinated fashion
through neurons, hormones as well as electrical impulses. When the scientists started studying
autistic brain, they observed few basic differences than the normal brain such as; breakage in the
electrical impulses passing the information from brain to other parts of the body, lack of distant
connections with the brain and increased levels of two important hormones named as
norepinephrine and dopamine playing prime function in social behaviour and communication.

Studies so far have as well uplifted the fact that these factors act as important control knobs in
regulating the intricate web of connections in the brain influencing the passage of faulty
information from brain to different vital organs of the body causing Autism.

How Stem Cells treatment can help!

Stem cells are the mother cells that are responsible for developing an entire human body from a
tiny two celled embryo; due to their unlimited divisions and strong power to differentiate into all
the cells of different lineage. This power of stem cells has been harnessed by the technology to
isolate them outside the human body, concentrate in the clean environment and implant back.
Once pushed inside the body again, these cells migrate at the site of injury due to their known
paracrine effects and start secreting growth factors, cytokines and other factors required for
creating a micro environment, suitable for their division. These cells can thus differentiate into
required cells, regenerate damaged cells and help in resuming the function of the damaged organs
under suitable conditions.

Treatment of Autism at GIOSTAR

We have mastered the technology for isolating maximum number of viable stem cells from either
the autologous sources of your own body or allogeneically with the matched donor to treat
various children with ASD. We are the licensed, private organization with the excellent, well
equipped state of the art facility to isolate, process and enrich the viable number of stem cells,
which can be re infused back into the patients body. Generally, these cells are administered
through any one of the below mentioned methods depending upon our experts advice:

Intrathecal Administration:-Through this mode, cell are infused in the cerebrospinal fluid
through the subarachnoid spaces of the spinal canal.
 Intravenous Administration:- Through this mode, cells are infused through the veins
along with the mannitol to expand blood volumes in the central nervous system, to ensure
that the maximum number of cells are reaching to the targeted area.
Once infused back in the body, these cells can reach at the targeted site through their strong
paracrine effects and differentiate into lost neurons or help revive the damaged ones to restore
their function back. These stem cells have also observed to be promoting angiogenesis to increase
oxygen supply to the blood for speedy recovery from Autism.

Thus with our standardized, broad based and holistic approach, it is now possible to obtain
noticeable improvements in the children with autism, in the symptoms as well as their functional
abilities.

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