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5

.
.

, .

.

THM.


.
SI ampere (A).
1A=1C/s
I.

5.1


A.
Q

A t,

Q
I
t

5.1

,
, I, t 0.

dQ
I
dt

5.1


, , .
,
.
,
.
.

5.1


A
.
n
.
nAx

.

5.1
()

, q.
Q = (nAx)q

x.
vd , :
vd = x / t x = vd t
: Q = (nAvd t)q
, : I = Q/t = nqvd A
vd ,
.

5.1
(1)


,
,
.

.


.
.

.


.

5.1
(2)

, ,
:

vd

.

.

5.1
( )

.

.
, .

5.1


.
0.205
cm, 10.0 A, :
2.23 x 104 m/s
.

5.1

J .
.
J I / A = nqvd

.
, J, SI A/m2.
.

5.2

,
.
, .
, , .

5.2
Ohm

Ohm,

.
Ohm.
Ohm J = E.
Ohm .
Ohm.
Ohm .
Ohm .
Ohm , .

5.2
Georg Simon Ohm

17891854

.

Ohm.

5.2


.
.
V
R
I
SI ohm ().
1=1V/A
,
, .

5.2


,
,
.

.
, ,
.

.

.

.

.

5.2

5.2

(= 2) (= 6) : 26
(= 5) : 105
, 26 x 105 ( 2.6 M).
10% ( = 10%) 2.6 x 105 .

5.2

:
=1/
SI ohm-
( . m).
:

R
A

5.2

5.2

,
.
.

.
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5.2

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5.2
U8


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5.2
Slide 25

U8 USER; 30/4/2013
U9



dr.
:


dR dr
2rL

5.2
Slide 26

U9 , "" . , .
USER; 30/4/2013
()

:
b b
R dR ln
2L
.
, ,
.

5.2
(1)

.
.

.
,
.
106 m/s.

5.3
(2)
,
.
:

.


.
.

5.3
(3)

:

F qE
, :

F qE
a
m me
:

qE
vf = v i + at vf = vi + m t
e

, .

5.3
(4)

t .
.

qE
v f , v d t
me


: J = nqvd = (nq2E/me)t
n .

5.3
( )

Ohm,
:
nq 2t 1 me

me nq 2t
, ,
.

Ohm.

5.3

,

:
o [1 a (T To )]
o To.
, To, 20C.
a .
a SI oC1.


:
1
a
o T

5.4


,
.
R = Ro[1 + a(T To)]


.

5.4

,
.
,

.

,

.

5.4



.

.
.

5.4


.
a .
.

5.4





Tc.
Tc
.
Tc,

, Tc
.

5.5
()

Tc :



,
.
R = 0.

5.5



.



.


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.

5.5
(1)

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.

,

QV.

.


.

.
5.6
(2)

, ,

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, .
,
.
,
.
,
,
.
,
.

5.6
( )

P = I V.
Ohm :
2

P I V I2 R
V
R

: I A, R , V V, P W.

5.6

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, .

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