Acute Glomerulonephritis

A Case Study Presented to the

Faculty of the Medical Laboratory Science Department
San Pedro College, Davao City

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor in Medical Laboratory Science

Cantalejo, Vrian
Castil, Maria Jamee
Catequista, Johanna Kristine
Estabillo, Eugene
Kuit, Djipporah
Lustre, Reno Renzo

February 2017
Objectives of the Study:
This case study aims to
Discuss the patients data of his present illness including the
history
Interpret and correlate the laboratory results
 Chapter I

Introduction

Glomerulonephritis (GN) is inflammation of the glomeruli, which are

structures in your kidneys that are made up of tiny blood vessels.
These knots of vessels help filter your blood and remove excess fluids.
If your glomeruli are damaged, your kidneys will stop working properly
and you can go into kidney failure.

Glomerulonephritis is a serious illness that can be life-threatening

and requires immediate treatment. The condition is sometimes called
nephritis. There can be both acute (sudden) glomerulonephritis and
chronic (long-term or recurring) glomerulonephritis.

Glomerulonephritis (GN) can be acute or chronic. Acute GN can be a

response to an infection such as strep throat or an abscessed tooth. It
may be due to problems with your immune system overreacting to the
infection. This can go away without treatment. If it doesnt go away,
prompt treatment is necessary to prevent long-term damage to your
kidneys. Illnesses that have been known to trigger acute GN include
strep throat, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is also called
lupus, goodpastures syndrome which is a rare autoimmune disease in
which antibodies attack your kidneys and lungs, Amyloidosis, which
occurs when abnormal proteins that can cause harm build up in your
organs and tissues, Wegeners granulomatosis, which is a rare disease
that causes inflammation of the blood vessels).

The chronic form of GN can develop over several years with no or very
few symptoms. This can cause irreversible damage to your kidneys and
ultimately lead to complete kidney failure. A genetic disease can
sometimes cause chronic GN. Hereditary nephritis occurs in young men
with poor vision and poor hearing.

Immune diseases may also cause chronic GN. A history of cancer may
also put you at risk. Having the acute form of GN may make you more
likely to develop the chronic form later on. Exposure to some
hydrocarbon solvents may increase the risk of chronic GN.
Chronic GN doesnt always have a clear cause. Twenty-five percent of
people with the condition have no history of kidney disease.

Early symptoms of acute GN include:

Puffiness in the face (edema)

Urinating less often
Blood in your urine (dark, rust-colored urine)
Extra fluid in your lungs, causing coughing
High blood pressure

The chronic form of glomerulonephritis can creep up without any

symptoms. There may be slow development of symptoms similar to
the acute form. Some symptoms include blood or excess protein in
your urine, which may be microscopic and show up in urine tests high
blood pressure, swelling in ankles and face (edema), frequent
nighttime urination, bubbly or foamy urine (from excess protein)
abdominal pain and frequent nosebleeds

Your GN may be so advanced that youre developing kidney failure. You

may have some of the following symptoms: fatigue, lack of appetite,
nausea and vomiting, insomniadry, itchy skin and muscle cramps at
night
 CHAPTER II

PATIENTS DATA:
AGE: 8 YEARS OLD
SEX: MALE
MEDICAL HISTORY:
Heart problem experiencing fever for 3 days with no apparent cause
nut the fever occurred after a visit to the dentist.
Skin rashes, joint pains, mild weight loss accompanied with poor
appetite and fatigue.
Laboratory Test:
WBC COUNT 16.1
HCT 0.30
HGB 94
NEUTROPHILS 0.77
LYMPHOCYTES 0.21
MONOCYTES 0.02
PLATELET 323
ESR 70 mm/hr
SUA 316
URINALYSIS
COLOR YELLOW
CONSISTENCY
CHEM EXAMINATION
PH ACIDIC
SPECIFIC GRAVITY 1.020
PROTEIN NEG
SUGAR NEG
KETONES NEG
NITRITE NEG
UROBILINOGEN NORMAL
BLOOD HEAVY
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION

PUS CELLS 0-3/hpf

RBCS 40-45/hpf
EPITHELIAL CELLS +
MUCUS THREADS +

On Pericardial Fluid:
Blood Culture Alpha Hemolytic Streptococci
Gram Stain Gram Positive Cocci
WBC Count 3,800 u/l
Differntial count Segmenters: 80 Lymphocytes: 20