Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
I want the record held in your computer database which may list me as deceased to be changed to
alive/living. According to IRS MANUAL 27.7.13.3.2.2 : An infant is the decedent of an estate or
grantor, owner or trustor of a trust, guardianship, receivership or custodianship, that has yet to
receive an SSN: http://www.irs.gov/irm/part2llirm 2l-007-0l3r.html. Declaration of assumptive death is
a fiction: G.R. No" 160258 Republic of The Phillipines vv. Glorai Bermudex-Lorino:
http://ca.iudiciarv.gov.ph/index.php?action:mnuactual:contents&ap:i70100&p:y. I have a SSN, so by
the IRS MANUAL: 21.7.13.3.2.2.I am not a decedent: (Black's Law dictionary, page 435- decedent n. A
dead person, esp. one who has recently died). I am no longer and cannot be held liable for: a) Maritime
liens being forced against me. b) securities being taken out of the estate. All Madtime Liens being
enforced against me,I hearby claim invalid, null & void, ab initio - nunc pro tunc. See: Liber Code
Article 3, 31, 38: (http://avalon.law.)zale.edu/19th:century/lieber.asp and Art 45,46. & 55 of The Hague
Convention [V October I 8th I 907 lrttp: //www. icrc. org/i hl.n sf/F UL L/ 1 9 5.
I am the infant who does have a Social Security Number, which makes me the beneficiary of this trust.
The Social Security Number: 592-03-9698, and the name vests within me: An Indigenous Autochthonous
Living Man/Male. Being that the IRS works in Admiralty, the IRS according to its own code, can no
longer enforce any Maritime Liens against myself, as I have now claimed: I am not lost at sea, nor am I a
decedent /vessel in commerce Q7A7 Cestui Que Vie Trust Act, U.K.). SSN 592-03-9698
JURAT
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People-
http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfil/documents/DRIPS*en.pdC American Declaration on the Rights of
Indigenous Peoples UN Convention on
Economic, Social & Cultural Rights, United Nations Charter: Article 55 & 56: Presidential Proclamation
7500, H.J.R. 194, S. Con. Res 26. S. 1200, HIR-3(HJ 3 IIr.
, Personally Known
V Produced tdentifir
- tCI3 --rg - lSo-o
FUE. tottn 'e-t:AO
My Commission Expire
BRITAINY BICHAfiDSON
MY COMMISSION # FF 945038
DPIRES: February 6, 2020
Bonded Thru Nohry Public Undenvillets
ffiIRS
AbourRs The Agency, its Mission and Statutory
. AuthoritY
Thecommissioner's
Section L{rx I
' The Aqencv, lts Mission "J+q I I renovlel I Hvccl(1414
This mission statement describes our role and the publids expeclation about hor/ we should perform
that role.
. In the United States, the Congress passes tax laws and requires taxpayers to comdy.
. The taxpayeis role is to understand and meet his or her tax obligations.
. The IRS role is to help the large majority of compliant taxpayers with the tax law, while ensuring
thal the minority who are unwilling to comply pay their fair share.
Statutory Autnority
The iRS is organized to carry out the responsibilities of the secretary ot the Treasury under seclion
78oJ of the lntemal Revenue Code. The secretary has full authority to administer and enforce the
internal revefiue laws and has the polver to create an agency to enforce these laws. The IRS was
created based on this legislative grant.
Section 7803 of the lntemal Revenue Code provides forthe appointment of a commissioner of
lntemal Rvenue lo administer and supewise the execulion and application of the internal revenue
laws.
3,1512017
NEW IRS MISSION STATEMENT EMPHASIZES TAXPAYER SERVICE
taxpayers.
The new statement is simple and direct. The IRS mission is to "provide America's
taxpayers top quality service by helping them understand and meet their tax
responsibilities and by applying the tax law with integrity and fairness to all."
The new language represents the new direction for the lRS, which is working to
transform itself into a customer-oriented organization. The mission also reinforces the
"This mission statement reflects the new attitude at the lRS," said Charles O.
Rossotti, Commissioner of lnternal Revenue. "Our top priority is putting the interests of
the taxpayers first, and this is spelled out simply and clearly in the mission statement."
The pledge will serve as a daily reminder to people both inside and outside the
IRS about the agency's mission. The 27-word statement will be prominently featured on
1998 tax publications, at IRS offices around the country and on the agency's website.
(more)
"Words alone aren't going to change the lRS, but this serves an important
-2-
purpose," Rossotti said. "The mission statement will be a reminder that we must be
dedicated on a day-in, day-out basis to serving taxpayers. This is just one of the steps
The new rnission statement was mandated by the IRS Restructuring and Reform
Act approved by Congress and signed July 22 by President Clinton. The legislation
required the IRS "to review and restate its mission to place a greater emphasis on
The IRS circulated drafts of a new mission statement in July and August. The
docurnent was finalized after receiving comments from a variety of sources, ranging
from public feedback on the agency's lnternet site to suggestions from tax
The final mission statement underscores the agency's efforts to help individuals
while ensuring that all taxpayers are served the by agency's commitment to apply the
XXX
[Note to editors: The new mission statement replaces an older version dating to the
1980s. The previous staternent said, "The purpose of the lnternal Revenue Service is
to collect the proper amount of tax revenue at the least cost; serve the public by
continually improving the quality of our products and services; and perform in a manner
warranting the highest degree of public confidence in our integrity, efficiency and
fairness."l
21.7.13.3.2.2 (05-31 -20r 6)
Taxpayer ldentification Num ber (Form SS4, Line 7b or Line 9a)
1. Use the information in the table below to determine the
requirements for Taxpayer ldentification Number ( Form SS4,
Lines 7b or 9a) for domestic entities.
Caution:
Foreign individuals are not required to have an lTlN in order to
receive an ElN. See I RM 21 .7.1 3.3.2.7 for additional
information.
o Corporation
o partnership
SSN/IT|N or EIN of the principal officer, general partner,
. UBO/UBT/PTO/Business
ber or owner (also known as responsible pafi).
Trust, or
o LLC
Sole SSN/lTlN of the owner
Estate SSN/lTlN of the decedent
SSN/lTlN or EIN of the grantor, owner, custodian, or trustor
Trust
known as responsible party).
SOCIAL SECURITY
Present,
Whereas at London on the 13th February 1984 an Agreement on social security between the
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government
of the United States of America (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement") and an
Administrative Agreement for the implementation of the Agreement (hereinafter referred to as
"the Administrative Agreement")ft] were signed on behalf of those Govemments and effect was
given to the Agreement by the Social Security (United States of America) Order 1984
(hereinafter referred to as "the Principal Order")p]:
And Whereas at London on 6th June 1996 a Supplementary Agreement between the
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northem Ireland and the Government
of the United States of America (which Supplementary Agreement is set out in Schedule 1 to this
Order and is hereinafter referred to as "the Supplementary Agreement") amending the
Agreement and a Supplementary Administrative Agreement amending the Administrative
Agreement (which Supplementary Administrative Agreement is set out in Schedule 2 to this
Order and is hereinafter referred to as "the Supplementary Administrative Agreement")p] were
signed on behalf of those Governments:
And Whereas by section 179(1)(a) a*d(2) of the Social Security Administration Act 1992141
it is provided that Her Majesty may by Order in Council make provision for modifuing or
adapting that Act and the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 19921!l in their
application to cases affected by agreements with other Govemments providing for reciprocity in
matters specified in the said section:
Now, therefore, Her Majesty, in pursuance of section 179(1)(a) and (2) of the Social Security
Administration Act 7992 ar.d of all other powers enabling Her in that behalf, is pleased, by and
with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows: -
Modification of the Social Securify Administration Act 1992 and the Social Security
Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 and amendment of the Principal Order
2. The Social Security Administration Act L992 and the Social Security Contributions and
Benefits Act 1992 shall be modified and the Principal Order shall be amended so as to give
effect to the Agreement as modified by the Supplementary Agreement set out in Schedule 1 to
this Order and to the Administrative Agreement as modified by the Supplementary
Adrninistrative Agreement set out in Schedule 2 to this Order, so far as the same relate to
England, Wales and Scotland.
Amendment of Order
3. The reference to the Social Security (United States of America) Order 1984 shall be
omitted in the Schedule to the Social Security (Reciprocal Agreements) Order 1988[6] and in
Schedules 2 and 3 to the Social Security (Reciprocal Agreements) Order 1995171.
N.H. Nicholls
Clerk of the Priry Council
SCHEDULE 1
Article 2
Having considered the Agreement on Social Security which was signed on their behalf at
London on 13th February 1984 (hereinafter referred to as "the Agreement");
Article I
1, Article 1 of the Agreement shall be revised as follows:
as regards theUnited States, the States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of
Puerto Rico, the United States Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa and the
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and
as regards the United Kingdom, England, Scotland, Wales, Northern lreland, and also the
Isle of Man, the Island of Jersey, and the Islands of Guernsey, Alderney, Herm and
Jethou; and references to the "United Kingdom" or to "territory" in relation to the United
Kingdom shall include the Isle of Man, the Island of Jersey, and the Islands of Guemsey,
Alderney, Herm and Jethou where appropriate;".
as regards the United Kingdom, the Department of Social Security for Great Britain, the
Department of Health and Social Services for Northern Ireland, the Department of Health
and Social Security of the Isle of Man, the Employment and Social Security Committee
of the States of the Island of Jersey or the Guernsey Social Security Authority as the case
may require;".
the laws and regulations relating to the imposition of liability for the payment
of social security contributions;
(i) a period of incapacity of 364 days under the laws of Great Britain,
Northem Ireland or the Isle of Man, or
(iii) a period of incapacity of 156 days, excluding Sundays, under the laws
of Guernsey;
(i) under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man,
that a person has paid at least 52 Class I or Class II contributions at any
time before 6 April 1975, or has paid, in one contribution year, Class I or
Class II contributions producing an earnings factor of at least 50 times that
year's lower earnings limit in a tax year beginning on or after 6 April
1975, or
(ii) under the laws of Jersey, that a person has paid contributions prior to
the end of the relevant quarter and the annual contribution factor derived
from these contributions is not less than 0.25, ot
(iii) under the laws of Guernsey, that a person has paid atleast26
reckonable contributions since 4laruary 1965 or the date of his entry into
the Guemsey scheme;
(i) under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man,
that a person has either paid or been credited with Class I or Class II
contributions producing an earnings factor of at least 50 times the lower
eamings limit in each of the last 2 complete contribution years before the
relevant benefit year, or
(ii) under the laws of Jersey, that a person has paid or been credited with
contributions in respect of the relevant quarter and the quarterly
contribution factor derived from those contributions is 1.00, or
(iii) under the laws of Guernsey, that a person has paid or been credited
with at least26 reckonable contributions in the relevant contributionyear;
(k) a "reckonable year" means a tax year between 6 April 1975 and 5 April 1978
during which contributions have been paid on earnings received (or treated as
received) of at least 50 times the lower earnings limit for that year;
(1) "prescribed period" means, in relation to Jersey and Guernsey, the period
commencing on the same date under the laws of Jersey or Guernsey, as the case
may be, as the relevant period for the purposes of old age pension and ending on
31 December next preceding the date on which entitlement to invalidity benefit
first arose;
and the laws which were repealed or consolidated by those Acts, Laws or Orders
or repealed by legislation consolidated by them.".
" 2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3 of this Article and the provisions of
Article 14, a person who would be entitled to receive an old age pension, a retirement
pension, a survivor's benefit or invalidity benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom if
he were in the United Kingdom shall be entitled to receive that pension or benefit while
he ordinarily resides in the territory of the United States, as if he were in the United
Kingdom.".
" 3. Where the periods of coverage completed by a person under the laws of:
(i) either Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man amount to less
than one reckonable year, or, as the case may be, qualiffing year, or relate
only to periods before 6 April 1975 and in aggregate amount to less than
50 weeks, or
those periods shall be aggregated as if they had all been completed under the laws
of any part of the territory of the United Kingdom under which a pension is
payable or would be payable if the periods were aggregated, or, where two such
pensions are or would be payable, under the laws of that part which, at the date on
which entitlement first arose or arises, is paying or would pay the greater amount.
Where the aggregate of the periods of coverage is less than one qualifring year or
reckonable year, this Article and Article 9 shall not apply.".
" 1. The provisions of paragraphs 2 to 5 of this Article shall apply to claims for
invalidity benefit under the laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man.
2. A person who has satisfied the frst contribution condition for sickness benefit as
defined in Article 1 using contributions under the laws of Great Britain, Northem Ireland
or the Isle of Man only, who is in the territory of the United States and is not subject to
the laws on coverage of Great Britain, Northem Ireland or the Isle of Man under Articles
4,5 or 6 of this Agreement, shall be entitled to receive invalidity benefit under the laws
of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man provided that:
(a) the second contribution oondition for sickness benefit under the laws of the
United Kingdom is satisfied using relevant periods of coverage under the laws of
the United Kingdom and, if necessary, the United States, and
(b) the person is incapacitated for work and has been so incapacitated throughout
the quatiffing period for invalidity benefit, in which case the person shall be
treated as if sickness benefit followed by invalidity benefit, under the laws of
Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man, had been paid throughout that
period of incapacity.
For the purposes of sub-paragraph (a), a person will be considered to meet the second
contribution condition if he is credited with at least2 quarters of coverage under the iaws
of the United States in each of the last 2 complete contribution years before the relevant
benefit year. The relevant Competent Authority of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the
Isle of Man will reallocate any quarter of coverage credited to a person under the laws of
the United States within a calendar year to any other calendar quarter within that year if it
is needed to satisfy the second contribution condition in a relevant contribution year, as
long as it has not been used to satisfu the second contribution condition in any other
relevant contribution year.
The rate of the invalidity benefit payable shall be that which would be paid under the
laws of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man without the application of this
Agreement unless a disability benefit under the laws of the United States is in payrnent,
whether or not under the provisions of this Agreement, in which case the rate of
invalidity benefit payable shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of
paragraph 3 of this Article.
3. Taking account of sub-paragraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph, the relevant Agency
of Great Britain, Northem lreland or the Isle of Man shall ascertain the proportion of
invalidity benefit provided under its laws in the same ratio as the total of the periods of
coverage completed under its laws bears to the total periods of coverage completed under
the laws of both Parties.
(b) For the purpose of calculating the proportion of benefit referred to above, no
account shall be taken of any period of coverage completed after the day on which
a person's incapacity commenced.
The amount of benefit calculated in accordance with the above provisions of this
paragraph shall be the amount of invalidity benefit actually payable to that person.
4. Where a person in the territory of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man,
or a person outside the territory of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man who
is entitled to an invalidity benefit uader the relevant legislation other than under
paragraph 2 of this Article, is in receipt of invalidity benefit under the laws of Great
Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man and also is in receipt of a disability benefit
under the laws of the United States, whether or not under the provisions of this
Agreement, the rate of invalidity benefit under the laws of Great Britain, Northem Ireland
or the Isle of Man shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs 3
and 5 of this Article.
(a) would have been entitled to receive invalidity benefit under the laws of Great
Britain, Northem Ireland or the Isle of Man, without recourse to this Agreement;
and
(b) is entitled to receive both invalidity benefit under paragraph 3 and a disability
benefit under the laws of the United States, whether or not under the provisions of
this Agreement, and the sum of these two benefits is less than the amount of
invalidity benefit to which the person would otherwise have been entitled under
(a);
the competent authority of Great Britain, Northern Ireland or the Isle of Man shall
calculate the difference between the amounts of benefit calculated in accordance with
sub-paragraphs (a) and (b), on the date that entitlement to invalidity benefit payable under
paragraph 3 first arose, and shall pay that amount in addition to the invalidity benefit
payable. The additional sum will remain in payment under the same conditions as the
invalidity benefit and subject to the equivalent increases in amount, as appropriate.
7. For the purpose of qualifuing for invalidity benefit, a person who is in the territory
of the United States and
(a) has satisfied the first contribution condition for invalidity benefrt using
contributions under the laws of Jersey only; and
(b) has satisfied the second contribution condition for invalidity benefit using
relevant periods of coverage under the laws of either Party; and
(c) is incapable of work, and has been so incapable throughout the qualifying
period for invalidity benefit;
shall be treated as if he had been entitled to sickness benefit throughout that period.
For the purposes of sub-paragraph (b), a person will be considered to meet the second
contribution condition if he is credited with at least2 quarters of coverage under the laws
of the United States in each of the last 2 complete calendar years before the calendar year
in which the claim for benefit was made.
8. Where a person has satisfied the conditions set out in paragraph 7, the Competent
Authority of Jersey shall determine the actual rate of invalidity benefit payable as the
amount that bears the same relation to the standard rate of benefit as the life average
contribution factor during the prescribed period bears to 1.00, except that no benefit shall
be payable where the factor is less than 0.1.
9. Where a person who is in Jersey is entitled to invalidity benefit under the laws of
Jersey, that benefit shall be payable.
10. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, invalidity benefit shall be
payable under the laws of Guernsey only in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs
11to 13 ofthisArticle.
11. For the purpose of qualiffing for invalidity benefit, a person who is in the territory
of the United States or Guernsey and
(a) has satisfied the first contribution condition for sickness benefit using
contributions under the laws of Guernsey only; and
(b) has satisfied the second contribution condition for sickness benefit using
relevant periods of coverage under the laws of either Party; and
(c) is incapable of work, and has been so incapable throughout the qualifying
period for invalidity benefit;
shall be treated as if he had been entitled to sickness benefit throughout that period.
For the purposes of sub'paragraph (b), each quarter of coverage credited under the laws
of the United States in the relevant contribution year shall be treated as if it had been a
contribution period of thirteen weeks completed as an employed or self-employed person
in the relevant contribution year.
12. Where a person has satisfied the conditions set out in paragraph 11, the Competent
Authority of Guernsey shall:
(a) deem the contribution conditions for the payment of invalidity benefit satisfied
provided that the periods of coverage under the laws of Guernsey total one
qualiffing year; and
(b) calculate the amount of invalidity benefit to be paid, subject to paragraph 13,
as being the proportion, not exceeding l00yo, of the standard rate which the total
number of contributions paid or credited in Guernsey during the prescribed period
bears to the product of the number of years in that period and fifty: save that if the
amount so calculated is less than one-twentieth of the standard rate, no benefit
shall be payable.
(a) is entitled to invalidity benefit under the laws of Guernsey solely through the
application of paragraphs 11 and 12, or has been entitled to such a benefit in
relation to the claim in question solely through the application of those
paragraphs; and
(b) is in receipt of a disability benefit under the laws of the United States, whether
or not by virtue of this Agreement;
the amount of the invalidity benefit payable under the laws of Guernsey shall be reduced
by the amount by which the aggregate of both benefits exceeds the standard rate of
invalidity benefit under the laws of Guernsey.
14. No person in relation to whom invalidity benefit is payable under the provisions of
this Agreement shall receive a contribution credit from Jersey or Guernsey unless present
in Jersey or Guernsey, as the case may be.
15. Where a person's periods of coverage under the laws of a part of the United
Kingdom total less than one qualiffing year, or one reckonable year, these periods shall
be aggregated as if they had all been completed under the laws of any part of the territory
of the United Kingdom under which a sickness benefit or an invalidity benefit is payable
or would be payable if the periods were aggregated, or, whsre two such benefits are or
would be payable, under the laws of that part which, at the date on which entitlement first
arose or arises, is paying or would pay the greater amount. Where the aggregate of the
periods of coverage is less than one qualifying year, or one reckonable year, this Article
shall not apply.
16. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article, a person in the territory of the
United States who is subject to the laws on coverage of the United Kingdom by virtue of
any of the Articles 4 to 6 of this Agreement and who satisfies the contribution conditions
applicable to sickness benefit under those laws shall, for the purpose of determining his
entitlement to invalidity benefit under those laws:
(b) each day of incapacity for work while in the territory of the United States may,
where appropriate, be treated as if it were a day for which he had received
sickness benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom.
17. Any restriction which would otherwise be applicable under the laws of the United
Kingdom in the rate of benefit payable to persons who are not ordinarily resident in the
territory of the United Kingdom shall not apply to persons in the territory of the United
States who are in receipt of invalidity benefit under the laws of the United Kingdom by
virtue of the provisions of this Agreement.".
Article 2
The application of this Supplementary Agreement shall not result in any reduction in the amount
of a benefit to which entitlement was established prior to its entry into force.
Article 3
This Supplementary Agreement shall enter into force on the frrst day of the third month
following the month in which both Govemments shall have informed each other by a formal
exchange ofnotes that the steps necessary under their nationai statutes to enable the
Suppiementary Agreement to take effect have been taken.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being duly authorised thereto by their respective
Govemments, have signed this Supplementary Agreement.
William Marsden,
(Americas Director, FCO)
Timothy E. Deal,
(Minister, Embassy of the United States of America)
SCHEDULE 2
Article 2
The Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the
Government of the United States of America;
In accordance with Article 15(a) of the Agreement on Social Security between the Government
of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of the United
States of America signed on their behalf at London on 13th February 1984 (hereinafter refened
to as "the Agreement") as amended by the Supplementary Agreement of this date;
Have agreed to amend the Administrative Agreement for the implementation of the Agreement
as follows: -
Article I
1. Article 2 paragraph 1 of the Administrative Agreement shall be revised to read as follows:
" 1. The liaison agencies referred to in Article 15 of the Agreement shall be:
" However, the Agencies of the two Parties may agree on a different allocation of
expenses for medical examinations arranged under this paragraph.".
Article 2
This Supplernentary Administrative Agreement shall enter into force on the date of entry into
force of the Supplementary Agreement of this date amending the Agreement.
William Marsden,
(Americas Director, FCO)
Timothy E. Deal,
(Minister, Embassy of the United States of America)
EXPLANATORY NOTE
This Order makes provision for the modification of the Social Security Administration Act 1992
and the Social Security Contributions and Benefits Act 1992 so as to give effect to the
Suppiementary Agreement on social security (which is set out in Schedule 1 to this Order) made
between the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern keland and the
Govemment of the United States of America. The Supplementary Agreement amends the
Agreement on social security set out in Schedule 1 to the Social Security (United States of
America) Order l9E4 to take into account changes in United Kingdom legislatior5 in particular
as relates to incapacity benefit.
There are also set out in Schedule2ta this Order the provisions of a Supplemenfary
Adminishative Agreement amending the Administrative Agreement set out in Schedule 2 to the
Social Security (United States ofAmerica) Order 1984.
FEDERAL JUDGE STATES IN GOURT TTIAT HE GETS HI9 ORDERS FROiI ENGLAND
During the trial of James and Sharon Patterson, (Case 6:97-CR-5'l ) William Wayne Justice, Judge of the United States District Court
Texas-Eastem Division when presented with law stated:
"l take my orders frorn England. This is not a law this court goes by."
For all of those yvho did not believe that the United States wa$ under Great Britain here it is straight from the mouth qf a Federal
Judge. How much more evidene 'do you need?'America has never been Free.
The Revolutionary war was a fraud perpetrated on the American people- The wa/s purpose was to centralize power and make the
people easier to conkol.
All Federal Judges, Congressmen, U.S. Attomeys, State Judges, Legislators and mostAttomeys know this and are in fact British
Agents.
Their job is to keep the people in line and to be produdive slaves whict they (The British Agents) are greatly compensated for. The
police do nd know that they work for Great Britain they too have been deceived so don't attack them.
It is time for everyone in America to know the Truth, Let us a|l urork together in exposing the British Empire. Please re-fiax and e-mail
this release to every Attomey, Judge, and Legislator in your area to let them know they have been unmasked. Please get out your
Yellow Pages and start faxing everyone in your area and also read this release over every radio show possible. We have printed
thousands of evidence packages and mailed them across America that prove that the United States is a British Colony. lt is time to
send the British back to England. We must work together because if, we do not, we are all doomed.
Your Friend.
For More lnformation: Stephen Kinbol Ames, c/o P.O. Box 5373. Harrisburg. Pennsyfuania 17110
(And if one needs any further information, see August 22, 1997issue of lntelligence Reviar artide 'Britain's 'lnvisible' Empire
Unleashes The Dogs of Waf) [End quoting]
wmte...
Queen Elizabeth controls and has amended U.S. Social Security
To the people,
I found this paper while going through Stephen Ames'files.l am hoping that you will put it out on your E-mail and fax networks. This
paper explains and documents very much. lt is absolutely mind blowing!
lf you place this paper on your E-mail and fax networks I will b more than happy to respond to people's questions. I have all of the
documents cited in this paper and they are available. This paper will shock even those who think that they know what has happened
and what is now taking plaee. The deception is incredible. If the people do not respond to this information we can then truly say that it
is over and that we will never be free. This paper is not opinion, but it is fact and is all documented.
Now, what people have to realize is there are remedies for the problems that not just America faces, but the World. There are people
all over the World that know what is going on and they are doing something about it.
People all over America ar emerging victorious over the images in their minds. Let us not forget the absolute astonishing amount of
debt discharges that have taken place over the last few months. What is happening in America is unbelievable. People are coming out
of the delusions, they have figured and realized that the United States is a fiction and that it only exisb in our minds. Tens of
thousands of people now know that the "United States" does not exist and that it never has. There is no such thing as the National
debt or a loan fom the bank. Has any one ever seen "cunent credit money ?"
Nicole Terry -
============================================================================
Queen Elizabeth controls and has amended U.S. Social Security, as follows:
http://university-ucadia-info/el OTglugins/content/content-php?content.87
Page 3/1 1
"This Order may be cited as the Social Security (United States of America) Order 1997 and shall come into force on lst September
1997."
Does this give a new meaning to Federal Judge William Wayne Justice stating in court that he takes his orders from England? This
order goes on to redefine words in the Social Securiiy AcI and mal(es some changes in United States Law.
Remember, King George was the "Arch-Treasurer and Prince Elector of the Holy Roman Empire and c, and of the United States of
America".
See: Treaty of Peace (1738) B U.S. Statutes at Large. Great Britain which is the agent for the Pope, is in charge of the USA
'plantation.'
What people do not know is that the so called Founding Fathers and King George were working hand-n-hand to bring the people of
America to there knees, to install a Central Government over them and to bind them to a debt that could not be paid. First off you have
to understand that the UNITED STATES is a corporation and that it existed before the Revolutionary war. See Respublica v. Sweers 1
Now, you also have to realize that King George was not just the King of England, he was also the King of France- Treaty of Peace "
U.S.8 Statutes
at Large 80.
On January 22, 1783 Congress ratifled a contract for the repayment of 21 loans that the UNITED STATES had already received dating
from February 28, 1778 to July 5, 1782, Now the UNITED STATES lnc. owes the King money which is due January 1, 1788 from King
George via France, ls this not incredible the King funded both sides of the War. But there was more work that needed to be done. Now
the Articles of Confederation which was declared in force March 1 , 't 781 States in Article 12 " All bills of credit emitted, monies
borrowed,and debts contracted by, or under the authority of Congress, before the assembling of the United States, in pursuance of the
present confederation, shall be deemed and considered a charge against the United States, for payment and satisfaction whereof the
said United States, and the public faith are hereby solemnly pledged."
Now after losing the Revolutionary War, even though the War was nothing more than a move to tum the people into debtors for the
King, they were not done yet-
Now the loans were coming due and so a meeting was convened in Annapolis, Maryland, to discuss the economic instability of the
country under the Artictes of Confederation. Only five States come to the meeting, but there is a call for another meeting to take place
in Philadelphia the following year with the express purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation.
On February 21, 1787 Congress gave approval of the meeting to take place in Philadelphia on May 14, 1787, to revise the Articles of
confederaiion. Something had to be done about the mounting debt. Little did the people know that the so called founding fathers were
acutely going to reorganize the United States because it was Bankrupt.
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The States have now become Constitutors. Constitutor: ln the civil law, one who, by simple agreement, becomes responsible for the
payment of another's debt. Blacks Law Dictionary 6th Ed. The States were now liable for the debt owed to the King, but the people
of
America were not because they were not a party to the Constitution because it was never put to them for a vote On August 4th, 1 790
an Act was passed which was Titled.-An Act making provision for the payment of the Debt of the United States. This can be found at 1
U.S. Statutes at Large pages 138-178. This Act for all intents and purposes abolished the States and Created the Districts. lf you don,t
believe it look it up. The Act set up Federal Districts, here in Pennsylvania we got two. ln this Act each District was assigned a portion
of the debt. The next step was for the states to reorganize their govemments which most did in 1790. This had to be done because the
States needed to legally bind the people to the debt. The original State constitutions were never submitted to the people for a vote. So
the govemments wrote new constitutions and submifted them to people for a vote thereby binding the people to the debts owed to
Great Britain. The people became citizens of the State where they resided and ipso facto a citizen of the United States. A citizen is a
member of a fictional entity and it is synonymous with subject.
"Commonwealth of Pennsylvania is Person." 9 F. Supp 272'a,lrtord 'person" does not include state- 12 Op Atty Gen i76.
There are no states, just corporations. Every body politic on this planet is a corporation. A corporation is an artificial entity, a fiction at
Iaw. They only exist in your mind. They are images in your mind, that speak to you. We labor, pledge our property and give our
children to a fiction.
Now before we go any further let us examine a few things in the Constitution.
Article six section one keeps the loans from the King valid it states; All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the
Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
Another interesting tidbit can be found at Micle One Section Eight clause Two which states that Congress has the power to borrow
money on the credit of the United States. This was needed so the United States (Which went into Bankruptcy on January 1 , 1788)
could borrow money and then because the States were a party to the Constitution they would also be liable for it.
The next underhanded move was the creation of The United States Bank in 1791. This was a private Bank of which there were 25,000
shares issued of which 18,000 were held by those in England. The Bank loaned the United States money in exchange for Securities of
the United States.
Now the creditors of the United States which included the King wanted paid the lnterest on the loans that were given to the United
States.
So Alexander Hamilton came up with the great idea of taxing alcohol. The people resisted so George Washington sent out the militia
to collect the tax which they did. This has become known as the Whiskey rebellion. lt is the Militia's duty to collect taxes. How did the
United States collect taxes off of the people if the people are not a party to the Constitution? l'll tell
you how. The people are slaves! The United States belongs to the [sic] floundering fathers and their posterity and Great Britain.
America is nothing more than a Plantation. lt always has been. How many times have you seen someone in court attempt to use the
Constitution and then the Judge tells him he can't. lt is because you are not a party to it. We are SLAVES!
lf you don't believe read Padelford, Fay & Co. vs. The Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Savannah.
14 Georgia 438, 520 which states " But, indeed, no private person has a right to complain, by suit in court, on the ground of a breach
of the Constitution, the Constitution, it is true, is a compact but he is not a party to it."
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Now back to tho Militia. Just read Artiole One Section Eight olause (15) whioh states that it is the militia's job to execute the laws of the
Union-
Now read Clause (16) Which states that Congress has the power to provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia, and for
goveming such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States ... the Militia is not there to protect you and me, it
is there to collect our substance.
As you can plainly see all the Constitution did is set up a Military Govemment to guard the King's commerce and make us slaves.
lf one goes to 8 U.S. statutes at large 1 16-'132 you will find "The Treaty of Amity, Commerce and Navigation. This Treaiy was signed
on November 1gth, 1794 which was twelve years afier the War. Article 2 of the Treaty states that the King's Troops were still
occupying the United States. Being the nice King that he was , he decided that the troops would retum to England by June 1st, 1796.
The troops were still on American soil because, quite frankly the King wanted them here.
Many people tend to blame the Jews for our problems. Jewish Law govems the entire world, as found in Jewish Law by MENACHEM
ELON, DEPUry PRESIDENT SUPREME COURT OF ISRAEL, to wit:
Every town and country must follow all customs, give effect to the decrees, and carry out the enactment's of the Talmudic sages,
because the entire Jewish people accepted everything contained in Talmud. The sages who adopted the enactment's and decrees,
instituted the practices, rendered the decisions, and derived the laws, constituted all or most of the Sages of lsrael. lt is they who
received the hadition of the fundamentals of the entire Torah in unbroken succession going back to Moses, our teacher."
We are living under what the Bible calls Mammon. As written in the subject lndex, Mammon is defined as ("Civil law and
procedure").
Now tum to the "The Shetars Effect on English Law" - A Law of the Jews
Becomes the Law of the Land, found in 'The George Town Law Joumal, Vol 71: pages 1 179-1200." lt is clearly stated in the Law
Review that the Jews are the property of the Norman and Anglo-Saxon Kings.
It also explains that the Talmud is the law of the land. It explains how the Babylonian Talmud became the law of the land, which is now
known as the Uniform Commercial Code. The written credit agreement - the Jewish 'shetar' is a lien on all property (realty) and today
it's called the mortgage!
The treatise also explains that the Jews are owned by Great Britain and the Jews are in charge of the Banking system.
We are living under the Babylonian Talmud, it is where all of our problems come from. lt was brought into England in 1066 and has
been enforced by the Pope, Kings and the Christian churches ever since. lt is total and relentless mind control, people are taught to
believe in things that do not exist.
Now before you scream that the UCC is unconstitutional I'm sorry people, you are not a party to any constitution. Read the case cite
below.
"But, indeed, no private person has a right to complain, by suit in court, on the ground of a breach of the Constitution. The Constitution
it is true, is a compact, but he is not a party to it." Padelford, Fay & Co., vs. Mayor and Aldermen of the City of Savannah 14 Ga. 438,
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520.
You have to understand that Great Britain,(Article six Section one) the United States and the States are the parties to the Constitution
not you.
Let me try to explain. lf I buy an automobile from a man and that automobile has a warranty and the engine blows up the first day I
have it. Then I tell the man just forget about it. Then you come along and tell the man to pay me and he says no" So you take him to
court for not holding up the contract. The court then says case dismissed. Why ? Because you are not a party to the contract. You
cannot sue a government official for not adhering to a contract (Constitution) that you are not a party too. You better accept the fact
that you are a Slave. When you try to use the Constitution you are committing a CRIME known as CRIMINAL TRESPASS. Why ?
Because you are atternpting to inrringe on a private contract that you are not a party 10. Then to mal(e matters worse you are a debt
slave who owns no property or has any rights.
You are a mere user of your Masters property! Here are just a couple of examples:
" Marriage is a civil contract to which there are three parties-the husband, the wife and the state.. Van Koten v. Van Koten. 154 N.E.
146_
"The ultimate ownership of all property is in the State: individual so-called "ownership" is only by virtue of Govemment, i.e. law
amounting to mere user; and use must be in accordance with law and subordinate to the necessities of the State. Senate Document
No. 43 73rd Congress 1st Session. (Brown v. Welch suprai You own no Property because you are a slave. Really you are worse off
than a slave because you are also a debtor.
"The right of traffic or the transmission of property, as an absolute inalienable right, is one which has never exrsted since governments
were instituted, and never can exist under government." Wynehamer v. The People"
13 N.Y. Rep.378,481
Great Britain to this day collects taxes from the American people. The IRS is not an Agency of the United States Government.
All taxpayers have an lndividual Master File which is in code. By using IRS Publication 6209, which is over 400 pages, there is a
blocking series which shows the taxpayer the type of tax that is being paid- Most taxpayers fall under a 300-399 blocking series, which
6209 states is reserved, but by going to BMF 300-399 which is the Business Master File in 6209 prior to 1991, this was U.S.-U.K. Tax
Claims, meaning taxpayers are considered a business and involved in commerce and are held liable for taxes via a treaty between the
U-S. and the U.K., payable to the U.K. The form that is supposed to be used for this is form 8288, FIRPTA-Foreign lnvestment Real
Propefi Tax Account. The 8288 form is in the Law Enforcement Manual of the lRS, chapter 3. The OMB's-paper-Office of
Management and Budget, in the Department of Treasury, List of Active lnformation collections, Approved Under Paperuvork Reduction
Act is where form 8288 is found under OMB number 1545-0902, which says U.S. with holding tax return for dispositions by foreign
persons, of U.S. Form #8288, #8288a.
These codes have since been changed to read as follows: IMF 300-309, Barred Assessment, CP 55 generated valid for MFT-30,
which is the code for the 1040 form. IMF 310-399 reads the same as IMF 300-309, BM 390-399 reads U.S.-U.K. Tax Treaty Claims.
lsn't it INCREDIBLE that 1040 form is a payment of a tax to the U.K. Everybody is always looking at 26 U.S-C. for the law that makes
one liable for the so called lncome Tax but, it is not in there because it is not a Tax, it is debt collection through a private contract
called the Constitution of the United States Article Six, Section One. and various agreements. ls a cow paying an income tax when the
machine gets connected to ifs udders ? The answer is no. I have never known a cow that owns property or has been compensated for
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its labor. You own nothing that your labor has ever produced. You don't even own your labor or yourself.
Your labor is measured in current credit money- You are allowed to retain a small portion of your labor so that you can have food,
clothing shelter and most of all breed more slaves. Did you ever notice how many of the other slaves get upset if you try to retain your
labor. You are called an extremist, terrorist and sometimes even a freeman.
They say that you are anti{overnment. When the truth of the matter is you just don;t want to be a slave. But, you do not have the right
to force others to be free if they want to be a slave that is entirely up to them. If they want bow down and worship corporations, let
them.
The United Stales, Greal Britaan and the Pope are not the problem, it as the other slaves. We would be free if the want-to-be-slaves
were gone. The United States, Great Britain and the Pope would not even exist, because no one would acknowledge them. I for a
matter of fact, think that those who are in power are also tired of the slaves. All the slaves do is stand around and MOO!!! For free
healthcare, free education, free housing and they beg those who are in powerto disarm them I do agree that a slave should not have
access to a firearm. How can you disagree with the government passing out birth control ? I hope the breeding of slaves stops or at
the very least slows down-
You see we are cows, the IRS is company who milks the cows and the United States lnc, is the veterinarian who takes care of the
herd and Great Britain is the Owner of the farm in fee simple. The farm is held in allodium by the Pope.
Now to Rome.
"Convinced that the principles of religion contribute most powerfully to keep nations in the state of passive obedience which they owe
to their princes, the high contracting parties declare it to be their intention to sustain in their respective states, those measures which
the clergy may adopt with the aim of ameliorating their interests, so intimately connected with the preservation of the authority of the
princes; and the contracting powers join in offering their thanks to the Pope for what he has already done for them, and solicit his
constant cooperation in their views of submitting the nations." Article (3) Treaty of Varcna (1822)
lf the Sovereign Pontiff should nevertheless, insist on his law being observed he must be obeyed. Bened. XlV., De Syn. Dioec, lib, ix.,
c. vii., n. 4. Prati, 1844. Pontifical laws moreover become obligatory without being accepted or confirmed by secular rulers. Syllabus,
prop" 28, 29, 44. Hence the jus nationale,(Federal Law) or the exceptional ecclesiastical laws prevalent in the United States, may be
abolished at any time by the Sovereign Pontiff. Elements of Ecclesiastical Law. Vol. I 53-54. So could this be shown that the Pope
rules the world?
The Pope is the ultimate owner of everything in the World. See Treaty of '1213, Papal Bull of '1455 and 1492.
I could go on and on, this is just the tip of the iceberg. Don't let this information scare you because without it you cannot be free, You
have to understand that all slavery and freedom originates in the mind. When your mind allows you to accept and understand that the
United States, Great Britain and the Vatican are corporations which are nothing but fictional entities which have been placed into your
mind, you will understand that your slavery was because you believed a lie.
W.J. Perry
Mexican Government's Oflicial Plan for a Takeover of America
Thu Dec 19 18:U:54 2002
208.152.73.38
There are approximately 18 million Mexican immigrants living in the United States today. Out of that 18 million, it is estimated that 3
million, or nearly 20 percent, are illegal aliens. Those 18 million Mexicans present a growing threat to America s self-determination
because many play a dual citizenship role officially enmuraged by the Mexican government. This is no secret; it s all in
Mexico s official "National Plan of Development 2001-2006." This shocking document is a five-year plan full of political rhetoric
emphasizing planned improvements for every asped of Mexico s infrastructure, but it also lays out specific strategies for
expanding the nation s political reach far beyond the US-Mexico border. ln other words, Mexico is systematically trying to cultivate
dual loyalties, i.e. disloyalty, among its ethnic compatriots in America. This is a naked expansion of Mexico s national interest at
the expense of ours; the mystery is why we are tolerating it.
"Globalization" is the buzzrivord that appears numerous times throughout Mexico s plan. To achieve that goal, the Mexican
government is counting on its citizens living abroad to strengthen Mexico s influen@ throughout North America. The Mexican
govemment is demanding that we give all Mexican illegals a free pass, and also support them with numerous social services paid for
by American taxpayers. Some of these like free medical care - we do not even provide to our own citizens. Mexico s plan
specifically outlines its intent concerning Mexican citizens who have entered the United States illegally in a subsection titled "Defense
Of Mexicans Abroad." The plan states:
"lt is important to note that even if Mexico has achieved a number of agreements and mechanisms to ensure better treatment of our
countrymen abmad, the issue of migration, especially in the United States, needs a new focus over the long term to permit the
movement and residence of Mexican nationals to be safe, comfortable, legal and orderly, and the attitude of police persecution of this
phenomenon must be abandoned and it must be perceived as a labor and social phenomenon."
ln other words, nothing is illegal and we are not a nation of laws any more, only markets.
ln a television interview in 2000, Mexico s President Vincente Fox made his country s intentions clear conceming the balance
of power in the Western Hemisphere:
"l'm talking about a @mmunity of North America, an integrated agreement of Canada, the United States, and Mexico in the long term,
20,30, 40 years from now. And this means that some of the steps we can take are, for instance, to agree that in five years we will
make this convergence on economic variables. That may mean in 10 years we can open up that border when we have reduced the
gap in salaries and income."
ln other words, his stated long{erm goal is the abolition of the border between the US and Mexico. This is a polite way of saying an
end to America s distinct nationhood, i.e. to our nationhood, period. We are to be dragged down to the level of the corrupt,
impoverished, backward, crony-capitalist disaster a nation whose citizens ev aluate quite honestly by fleeing at the rate of millions
per decade on our southem border.
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On the surfuce, Mexico s globalist vision for economic unity seems innocent, but it s likely to create a very dangerous situation
for America.
Unlike our nation of mixed nationalities with various loyalties, Mexicans are extremely nationalistic, and they usually side with their
homeland first on all issues. Considering that Hispanics are now the largest minority group in America at 12.6 percent, and Mexicans
make up half of that population, the Mexican government is well on its way to wielding significant influence over U,S. policy by relying
on the loyalties of their 18 million dual citizens.
Another disturbing section of Mexico s National Plan concems the government s effort to set up illegal immigrants with special
identification cards, allowing them to open bank accounts and acquire driver s licenses anywhere in the United States. Basically,
any Mexican illegal alien can walK into the nearest Mexican consulate with $29 and walk out with a "cpnsulate card". These
cards are officially recognized in Mexico allowing illegal immigrants to operate on both sides of the border. Although the cards have
been available for many years, they have not been ofiicially recognized in America as proper identification until recently.
ln 2001, the reliably-ultraliberal San Francisco combined city and county govemment unanimously passed a resolution to accept the
consulate card as official personal identification. Since that first resolution, law enfor@ment agencies and municipalities throughout
Califomia and other parts of the United States, have also gone on to make exceptions for illegal Mexicans by accepting the cards. This
is the first step toward making Mexican border jumpers legal by giving them blanket amnesty, something Vincente Fox has openly
called for during immigration talks with the United States.
With a sagging economy and many unrealized campaign promises, Mexico s leader is fighting for his political life inside what is
essentially a third world country. Now, with his old friend and "Border Buddy" President Bush firmly in tow, Vincente Fox is pushing for
the eventual abolishment of the U$Mexico border- Such easing of border reshictions would serve as a release valve for the most
desperate unemployed Mexicans, thus relievang Mexico s financial obligation to support its poorest citizens. Moreover, free
movement across the border would allow Mexican workers to earn their money in the U.S. and spend it back in Mexico.
Just as their national plan dictates, the Fox administration is also encouraging Mexican immigrants to officially participate in Mexican
politics from within the United States. ln 2001, Mexico passed a law allowing dual citizenship for any Mexican national living abroad,
legal or othemrise. ln addition, Fox visited Califomia several times this year to campaign for stronger absentee ballot turnouts on behalf
of all the Mexican nationals living in the United States. Their dual citizenship law is a major weapon in Mexico s battle for a piece
of the American political pie, but it s only part of an infiltration campaign that started many years ago.
During the past fifty years, Mexico s dual loyalists have entered every facet of American society, induding many public offices now
held by the sons and daughters of Mexicans who originally entered the United States illegally, just to be redeemed by past amnesty
programs. For decades they have slowly but relentlessly been taking control of local and state governments throughout the American
Southwest. Although these Mexican-Americans were born and raised in the United States, many of them openly put their loyalty to
Mexico before their loyalty to America. What other ethnic group in America would we tolerate this from? (When some
German-Americans flirted with Hitler in their Bund organization in the 30 s, this so shamed their reputation as an ethnic group that
they are now despite being the largest ethnic group in America also one of the most silent in terms of explicit ethnic self-expres
sion.)
Today, the Mexican loyalists have become a dominating force in American society, influencing the culture, the language and most
importantly, the political process. Thanks to Mexican-American lobbying efforts, Califomia state representatives now officially
recognize illegal aliens as "undocumented workers" treating them with a laundry list of special aid programs including free college
tuition. Repeat there are native Americans who can t afford to go to college, and we are spending taxpayer money to send
criminal migrants. In Texas, the state legislature recently conducted an entire legislative session in Spanish, and the story barely made
the "8. Block" of local newscasts.
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Furthermore, the 2000 presidential campaign proved just how important the Hispanic vote is to politicians on the national front. From
day one of the campaign, then Texas Governor, George W. Bush, dragged his half Hispanic nephew, George P. Bush to every media
event that might gamer a sizable Hispanic audience. The plan worked so well that today George W. Bush is described in many Latin
American circles as "America s first Hispanic presidenf'a strange title for a guy who once referred to Mexico s national
language as "Mexican" instead of Spanish.
lndeed, Bush s relationship with Mexim and Vincente Fox goes back long before his bid for the presidency. The two were
Governors at the same time, and they met regularly over the years concerning various issues including border security, energy
production, and trade policy. Then during Bush s first year as president, he and Fox met four times to discuss US - Mexican
relations. ln the fall of 2001, Bush publicly mentioned the possibility of a new amnesty program for Mexican illegals, but things cooled
dramatically after the 911 attacks. Today however, Bush and Fox are back on the fust track to negotiating Mexico s plans for
economic and political expansion.
After the latest meeting of the US-Mexico Binational Commission (BNC) on November 26, the U.S. State Department confirmed that
cabinet members from both sides signed a number of important agreements. One agreement that stands out is the "Bilateral lncome
Tax Treaty" that amends an existing bilateral income tax treaty between the two nations, thus allowing significanl reductions in taxes
on dividends, which officials say "will further facilitate cross-border trade and investment." If fully ratified by both nations, this treaty will
allow major corporations to invest in either country without being taxed at home on profits earned from across the border, thus merging
our economies one step beyond NAFTA.
There is no doubt the Latinization of America is well underway, and Mexico is slyly laying the groundwork that could eventually destroy
the security of our southern border. Furthermore, it s no big secret that many Mexicans dream of reclaiming the land lost to
America as a result of the Mexican-American War. Ever since that agreement took effect in 1845, numerous Mexican government
officials have openly called for "Reconquista," a political plan to recover the land they believe was unjusfly stolen by the American
govemment. Although Mexico has never officially encouraged the Reconquista movement, they have also never discouraged Mexican
citizens (on and off American soil) from proclaiming its inevitability.
Frankly, the official plan of Mexico is closer to a plan of colonization than it is to a plan of development. Just as their national plan
clearly dictates, the Mexican govemment is preparing for an attack on America - an attack perpetrated through ideology and
assimilation rather than with bullets and blood. The self-hating political correctness of mainstream Americans, combined with their
history-blind confidence that the United States is a nation invulnerable to tenitorial loss, continues to aid and abet this aggression.
============
"The only thing necessary for the triumph of evil -is for good men to do nothing-" - Edmund Burke
al
*lRecital
that Cestui que vies have gone beyond Sea, and that Reversioners cannot find
out whether they are alive or dead.
Whereas diverse Lords of Mannours and others have granted Estates by Lease for one or more
life or lives, or else for yeares determinable upon one or more life or lives And it hath often
happened that such person or persons for whose life or lives such Estates have beene granted
have gone beyond the Seas or soe absented themselves for many yeares that the Lessors and
Reversioners cannot finde out whether such person or persons be alive or dead by reason
whereof such Lessors and Reversioners have beene held out of possession of their Tenements
for many yeares after all the lives upon which such Estates depend are dead in regard that the
Lessors and Reversioners when they have brought Actions for the recovery of their Tenements
have beene putt upon it to prove the death of their Tennants when it is almost impossible for
them to discover the same, For remedy of which mischeife soe frequently happening to such
Lessors or Reversioners.
Annotations:
Editorial Information
Xl Abbreviations or contractions in the oriehal form of this Act have been expanded into modem
lettering in the text set out above and below
u.l Cestui que vie remaining beyond Sea for Seven Years together and no Proof of
their Lives, Judge in Action to direct a Verdict as though Cestui que vie were
dead.
Ifsuch person or persons for whose life or lives such Estates have beene or shall be
granted as aforesaid shall remaine beyond tle Seas or elsewhere absent themselves
in this Realme by the space of seaven yeares together and noe sufficient and evident
proofe be made of the lives of such person or persons respectively in any Action
commenced for recovery of such Tenements by the Lessors or Reversioners in every
such case the person or persons upon whose life or lives such Estate depended shall he
accounted as naturally dead, And in every Action brought for the recovery of the said
Tenements by the Lessors or Reversioners their Heires or Assignes, the Judges before
whom such Action shall be brought shall direct the Jury to give their Verdict as if the
person soe remaining beyond the Seas or otherwise absenting himselfe were dead.
II
Annotations:
Amendments (fextual)
Fl S Il repealed by Strtutc l-a'*'Relision Act l9^1u (c. {r2), Sth. I
III
Annotations:
Amendments (Textual)
F2 S. III repealedbyStatutc I-arvRevisron,,\ct 186-i 1c 1l-s)
Ilf the supposed dead Man prove to be alive, then the Title is revested. Action for
mean Profits with Interest.
[xzProvided alwayes That ifany person or [x3person or] persons shall be evicted out
of any Lands or Tenements by vertue of this Act, and afterwards if such person or
persons upon whose life or lives such Estate or Estates depend shall returne againe
from beyond the Seas, or shall on proofe in any Action to be brought for recovery of
the same [to] be made appeare to be liveing; or to have beene liveing at the time of the
Eviction That then and from thenceforth the Tennant or Lessee who was outed of the
same his or their Executors Administrators or Assigles shall or may reenter repossesse
have hold and enjoy the said Lands or Tenements in his or their former Estate for and
dureing the Life or Lives or soe long terme as the said person or persons upon whose
Life or Lives the said Estate or Estates depend shall be liveing, and alsoe shall upon
Action or Actions to be brought by him or them against the Lessors Reversioners or
Tennants in possession or other persons respectively which since the time of the said
Eviction received the Proffitts of the said Lands or Tenements recover for damages the
full Proffitts of the said Lands or Tenements respectively with lawfull Interest for and
from the time that he or they were outed of the said Lands or Tenements, and kepte or
held out of the same by the said Lessors Rsversioners Tennants or other persons who
after the said Eviction received the Proffrtts of the said Lands or Tenements or any of
C.estui QlE I4e Act 1ffi6 (c ll)
Dffint@%t 2015-10-16
Chtrya Alqisladon: There oru flfieiltbt no browrauts,andingefrects
fot tha Ces@i Aup yie Aat 1666. (See d of Duwntfot &tails)
thein respectively as well in the case when the said person or persons upon whose Life
or Lives such Estate or Estates did depend aro or shall be dead at the time of bringing
of the said Action or Actiotrs as if the said person or prsons where then liveing.l
Annotations:
Editorial Information
X2 annexed to fte Originaf Aet in a sq'ffi Schedule
X3 Variant reading of the text aoted ttflhe Statales af the Realm as follows: O. omits [O. refers to a
collection in the library oflrhity College, Cambridgel
'qg9 I lJV 3tn 311& lnis:3 eiil .i{r.I s]:3$t 3r:tpur:1s1:r* u.ttollx ou ,i11u='l'r-r:r 2'iE a'l3ri.i-
: ri6lllrlsls0{ si 643$8ltr3
9 t -0 t -9 t 0e :p?|uQuaj luawnro(f
(tt t) gSSt pV aL4 on] ryNa)
521
TIIE
cEsrur QUE YIE ACT, l7O7
6 Anae c. ?2 (ImPerial)
An Act for &e more effectual Discovery of the Death of Persons pretended
to be alive to the Prejudice of those who claim Estates after theii
Deaths
Short ti-tle cooferred by Short Titles Act, 1896. 59 & 6o Yis- c- 14'
by the said court at such time and place as the court shall direct two of
which commissioners shall be nominated by the party or parties prosecuting
such order at his her or their costs and charges. And in case such
guardian trustee husband or o&er person shall refuse or neglect to
produce such infant married woman or other person so concealed in
frhe Court of Chancery or before such commissioners whereof return shall
be made by such commissioners and that return filed in the petty bag
office in either or any of the said cases the said minor married woman
or such other person so concealed shall be taken to be dead and it
shall be lawful for any person claiming any right title or interest in
remainder or reversion or otherwise after the death of such infant
married woman or such other persons so concealed as aforesaid to enter
upon such Iands tenements and hereditaments as if such infant married
woman or other person so concealed were actually dead.
Jurisdiction under this Act in relation to land under the Real Propertv Acts
or sought to be brought under those Acts is conferred on the Supreme Court or
a judgg theleof by the Real Property Acts, 186I to 1963, s. 90, p. 633, post.
It appears that the Supreme Court also possesses jurisdiction under the Act by
virtue of ss. 20, 21, and 34 of the Supreme Court Act of 1867. title SUPREME
COURT.
A remainderman may apply notwithstanding that in certain events he is not
immediately entitled on the death of the life tenan! Ex parte Gra,il (1801) 6 Ves.
512.
For procedure under the section, see Re Owcn (1878), I0 Ch. D. 166; Re
Lingen (1841), 12 Sirn. 104; Re Pople (1889),40 Ch. D. 589;32 Halsbury's Laws
of England, 3rd ed., p. 298.
There is a rebuttable presumption of law that a person who has not been
heard of for seven years by those who would naturally hear of him if alive is
dead, but no presumption that he was alive or dead at any tinre durinc that
period, Re Phane's Trzsrs (1869),5 Ch. App. 139; t1861-731 All E.R. Rep.5l4.
See also 15 Halsbury's l-aws of England, 3rd ed., 9- 344; Ex parte Genge (1873),
3 S.C.R. 165; Re Cameron's Will (1867), I S.C.R. 167 (nothing discoverable of
passengers who had abandoned sinking ship).
2. If such inlanf etc. tenant for life, appear to be in some place beyond
sea, party prosecutfurg such order may send oYer to view such inhnt And
be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid that if it shall appear to the
said court by affEdavit that such minor married woman or other person for
such life such estate is holden is or lately was at some certain place beyond
the seas in the said affidavit to be mentioned it shall and may be lawful for
the party or parties prosecuting such order as aforesaid at his her or their
costs and charges to send over one or both the said persons appointed by
the said order to view such minor married woman or other person for whose
life any such estate is holden and in case such guardian trustee husband or
other person concealing or suspected to conceal such persons as aforesaid
shall refuse or neglect to produce or procure to be produced to such person or
persons a personal view of such infant married woman or other person for
whose life any such estate is holden then and in such case such person
or persons are hereby required to make a true rturn of such refusal or
neglect to the Court of Chancery which return shall be filed in the Petty
bag office and thereupon such minor married woman or other person for
whbse life any such estate is holden shall be taken to be dead and it shall
be lawful for any person claiming any right title or interest in remainder
reversion or otherwise after the death of such infant married woman or
other person for whose life any such estate is holden to enter upon such
lands tenements and hereditaments as if such infant married woman or
other person for whose life any such estate is holden were actually dead.
CESTUI quE VrE ACT, 1707 ss. l-5 621
4. Proviso tor guardian, etc. who shdl mke it rypcu tht due en'dtavour
has been used to pnDcrre rhe appearence of srch infant and tenant for life.
Provided always that if any such guardian trustee husband or other person
or persons holding or having any estate or interest determinable upon the
life or lives of any other person or persons shall by affidavit or otherwise
to the satisfaction of the said Court of Chancery make appear that he she
or they have used his her or ttreir utmost endeavours to procure such infant
married woman or other person or persons on whose life or lives such
estate or itrterest doth depend to appear in the said Court of Chancery or
elsewhere according to the order of the said court in that behalf made and
that he she or ttrey cannot procure or compel such infant married woman
or other person or persons so to appear and that such infant married
womau or other person or persons on whose life or lives such estate or
interest doth depend is are or were living at the time of such return made
and filed as aforesaid then it shall be lawful for such person or persotrs to
continue in the possession of such estats and receive the rents and profits
thereof for and during the infancy of such infant and the life or lives of
such married woman or other person or persons on whose lile or lives
such estate or interest doth or shall depend as ftrlly as he she or tley
might have done if this Act had not been made.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES
UFolivia.
2 "Some may right$ say, 'When the pope speaks of colonialism, he overlooks certain actions of
church,' " the Pope said, according ta The Na,v York Times. "I say this to you with regret:
^- F"
\r+Many grave sins were commitred against the Native people of America in the name of God."
3
He didn't stoD there.
9I
humbly ask forgiveness, not only for the offense of the church herself, but also for crimes
o'I
committed against the native peoples during the so-ca}led conquest of America," The Nan
$:mrTimesreported,.
1 5H"
spok to a crowd of more than rSoo at the World Meeting of Popular Movements,
ptanding side-by-side with Bolivian President Evo Morales, the Andean nation's first
indigenous president.
though Latin American church leaders have issued apologies in the past, this one went
her and was much more targeted, the Associated Press reported. Previous apologies had
5Qnot been directed at Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, AP said.
The Catholic Church was one of many Christian denominations that ran boarding schools in
Canada and the U.S. designed to "kill the Indian in the child" by taking kids from their
families, cutting them offfrom their culture and educating them in the ways of the European-
minded settlers. The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission on June 2 came out
with a report callins such practices "cultural genocide" and recommending that Prime
T:ilffiHry
1lomr'c*oNGRESS
H. RES. 194
Apologizing for the enslayement and racial segregation of Afriean-Americans.
RESOLUTION
Apologizing for the enslavement and raeial segr:egation of
Aftiean-Amerieans.
Wherea,s the system ofi slavery and the visceral racism a,ga,inst
pcrsons of African dcsccnt upon which it dcpcndccl bcr-
.HRES r94 IH
3
FRANCIS
IN CRIMINAL MATTERS
ln our times, the common good is increasingly threatened by transnational organized crime, the
improper use of the markets and of the economy, as well as by terrorism.
It therefore necessary for the international community to adopt adequate legal instruments to prevent
is
and counter criminal activities, by promoting international judicial cooperation on criminal matters.
ln ratifying numerous international conventions in these areas, and acting also on behalf of Vatican City
State, the Holy See has constantly maintained that such agreements are effective means to prevent
criminal activities that threaten human dignity, the common good and peace.
With a view to renewing the Apostolic See's commitment to cooperate to these ends, by means of this
Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio, I establish that:
1. The competent Judicial Authorities of Vatican City State shall also exercise penal jurisdiction over:
a) crimes committed against the security, the fundamental interests or the patrimony of the Holy See;
- in Vatican City State Law No. Vlll, of 11 July 2013, containing Supplementary Norms on Criminal Law
Matters;
- in Vatican City State Law No. lX, of 11July 2013, containing Amendments to the Criminal Code and the
Criminal Procedure Code;
when such crimes are committed by the persons referred to in paragraph 3 below, in the exercise of their
functions;
c) any other crime whose prosecution is required by an international agreement ratified by the Holy See,
if the perpetrator is physically present in the territory of Vatican City State and has not been extradited,
2. The crimes referred to in paragraph 1 are to be judged pursuant to the criminal law in force in Vatican
City State at the time of their commission, without prejudice to the general principles of the legal system
on the temporal application of criminal laws.
3. For the purposes of Vatican criminal law, the following persons are deemed "public officials":
a) members, officials and personnel of the various organs of the Roman Curia and of the lnstitutions
connected to it.
c) those persons who serve as representatives, managers or directors, as well as persons who even de
facto manage or exercise control over the entities directly dependent on the Holy See and listed in the
registry of canonical juridical persons kept by the Governorate of Vatican City State;
d) any other person holding an administrative or judicial mandate in the Holy See, permanent or
temporary paid or unpaid, irrespective of that person's seniority.
4. The jurisdiction referred to in paragraph 1 comprises also the administrative liability of juridical
persons arising from crimes, as regulated by Vatican City State laws.
5. When the same matters are prosecuted in other States, the provisions in force in Vatican City State on
concurrent jurisdiction shall apply.
6. The content of article 23 of Law No. CXIX of 21 November 1987, which approves the Judicial Order of
Vatican City State remains in force.
I establish that this Apostolic Letter issued Motu Proprio will be promulgated by its publication in
Uosservatore Romano, entering into force on 1 September 2013.
Given in Rome, at the Apostolic Palace, on 11 July 2013, the first of my Pontificate.
FRANCISCUS
l, who shall not be with LEGAL name hereby proclaim to allwith unclean hands;
Be it now known that all words/spellings upon/within this document shall be of my will and intent only,
without assumption/presumption onlof lby/for any/all concerned where my free will choice shall never
be trespassed where my intent is my intent and no othert;
Whereas a great fraud has been revealed and is laid bare where unclean hands are now in the light for
all to see where any/all with unclean hands must judge only self, toto genere;
Whereas non-disclosure has intent to defraud in that act, any/all contracts of body, mind, soul are null
and void, nunc pro tunc, praeterea, praeterea, praeterea ab initio, ad infinitum in this willful intent to
commit fraud by omission and/or commission where others and all are concerned and;
Whereas threat of force perceived or real is proof of intent inasmuch as aiding and abetting in this fraud
and where assumption and presumption is concerned, thus destroyed and whereby one is known by
their actions of that/their willful intent either knowingly or in ignorance of the Divine laws under which
all stand and;
Whereas all signatures, contracts, assumptions, presumptions etc. et al are rendered null and void ab
initio inasmuch as all are in contemptfraud where the CROWN owned and COPYRIGHT name/s WILFRED
WILLIAM THOMPSON, PAULINE ANNABELLE THOMPSON nee COCHRANE, WILFRED KEITH THOMPSON,
KAREN MICHELLE THOMPSON, EMILY HELENE THOMPSON, HILARY ANN THOMPSON, SUSANNE
CAROLYN HERTENDY MAR ORIE JUNE THOMPSON nee ADAMS are concerned and;
Whereas the intent to commit fraud via deceptions/deceptios and willful non-disclosure of truths where
intent to enslave all humanitylmankind by church/state in this intent is exposed fully whereby one's
actions make one known and;
whereas all names registered are, in fact, property of the cRowN/vATlcAN, all matters pertaining to
such names registered and the use thereof render all parties fraudulent/in contempt via willful intent to
deceive and/or ignorance of use where all matters of church/state remain matters of church/state where
use of the name/s registered are concerned and where/when third party interloping is evident by my use
or anyone's use of stated registered names and;
Whereas it is not my intent to commit fraud or any contemptible/contempt able acts, it is also my equal
intent to never aid and abet any other living soul via willfully knowing or ignorance on/in their/my part
and any use of or claim made using the aforementioned name/s will render such attempt an act of fraud
by willful commission and;
Whereas any/all use of churchlstate identification based upon these/all CROWN COPYRIGHT name/s or
any variation/s thereof renderA the user in fraud absolute via their ignorance and by omission of
disclosure of/by church/state and;
Whereas any/all claims made by any/all parties/agents/living souls upon another willfully or in ignorance
to do so is guilty of fraud in
that action by commission andlot omission of bearing false witness and is in
contempt of church/state/self and is willfully aiding and abetting fraudulent deception/deceptios
whereupon judgment is rendered upon any/all agents of church/state/self by the very action of claiming
via CROWN COPYRIGHT fraud and;
lnasmuch as intent (spirit) must be proven where all are concerned, it is now incumbent upon the
church/state that the willful intent to commit fraud ab initio is without intent to do so. With prior
knowfedge, the agents/clergy/BAR members/all bound by oaths etc. et alto/oflfor/by/with church/state
did/do willfully deceive humanity and is, by the actions of all bound to church/state by oaths
sworn/taken/given Judged by/ot/in all acts of harm upon any/all harmed and;
Furthermore, it is/was never my intent to willfully use the property of another whereas any/all things
REGISTER-ED are, in fact, claimed to be such intellectual property of another, namely
church/state/CROwN where my Mother and Father (deceased), unknowingly were, in ignorance, aided
and abetted oftheir consent into such church/state contracts, be they all forms physical (phi-psi-
cull)/spiritual/mental and;
Furthermore, I place the onus (own-us) back upon/re-turn to anylall beings by virtue of their oaths etc.
et al and self-judged in their acts, any/all obligations created by any/all contracts where all contracts
entered into based on this fraud/original sin/intent to de-fraud are nullified/null and void ab initio, ad
infinitum nunc pro tunc and;
Furthermore, all obligations upon myself created via this fraud are void inasmuch as the
perceived/assumed/presumed gift, without consideration of any all NAME(S) is concerned in that a
BOND/DEBT was/is/has been created in the form of a BIRTH CERTIFICATE with an assigned DEBI, not
value, where I was assumed/presumed to be that value without/void of my willful consent where it
was/is/has been the willful intent ot/bylfor all parties initiating such acts of obligation upon this, their
DEBT and;
Whereas intent is clearly visible by any/all who engage in acts of commerce (Whore of Babylon) using
the NAME (mark of the beast) is/was/has been/will be acting in fraud and creating harm/cannibalism
against their fellow humans/beings since all fiat currency is based upon aforementioned BONDS and is
guilty of human being trafficking of the highest order and in defiance of creation where consumption
ensues and;
Whereas the rites of both Mother/Father have been stolen via non-disclosure and willful intent as
proofed by actions of those, by oath/willful application(s) any/all claiming to be offforlby
church/court/state/CRowN in the form of BIRTH CERTIFIcATE(S)/licenset/marriages/FAMILY
NAME(S)/taxes/registrations etc. et al ab initio therefore;
ts it the,/your willful intent of this/you of lfor/bv/in churchfcourtlstate/CR0wN etc. et al beings
living/dead fictions to coerce, by force or deceptive means, to have me incriminate myself where I am in
full knowledge of this dual fraud where willful intent to do so makes me/you guilty ab initio by claiming
to own/be something that is/was/has never been mine/yours to be/claim?;
ls it your ( by oath entity) intent to aid and abet the furtherance of this fraud/cannibalism/child
kidnapping/human trafficking/theft etc. et al via fictitious ACTS/LEGISLATION etc. et al by/offor dead
entities by/tor/of dead entities (dead carrying out the dead) where I am one of the tiving versus a
fictional dead entity created by/for/of the church/court/state/CR0wN by enticing me via
force/coercion/deception to be a surety for the church/state/court/CROWN created debt(s)?;
Whereas any/all fraud by virtue of its intent and creation remains as such, regardless of length of time
taken for such anylall frauds to be exposed, all contracts are null and void upon its discovery where a
fraud revealed is, in fact, null and void, ab initio, nunc pro tunc where all energies stolen in any/all forms
shall be re-turned where the intent to commit fraud against me has been/is/will be with INTENT;
It is not/has never beenfnever will be my intent to willfully and knowingly commit fraud where mis-takes
in ignorance by commission and/or omission are pre-sent and where any/all acts of mine are not in
contempt(with temptation) of anyonelanything where any being choosing willfully to contempt me is
now with intent to do so. All contracts/documents/signatures/agreements etc. et al are now null and
void where any/all DEBT created by church/state/courI/CROWN is forgiven/re-turned from whence it
was created (forgive us our debts as we forgive our debtors) where I am the non-contracting living with
the debt BOND id-entity that is the property/responsibility (re-spawns-ability) of that/those which
created it;
obligations of debtsforgiveness to those who would/have deceived me where a crime against all
humanity has been/is being perpetrated with willful intent in the light for all to see;
By one's actions one is known and in-stantly judge d in/of lfor/by such actions
where the intent is laid bare for all to see in/of /by/for any/all such actions
whereas all/any beings willfully bVlfor/of commission/omission are held and
bound judged of themselves. Act accordingly, lest ye be judged inlof lforlby
oneself/yourself fully toto genere.
r r v rvubvr rruvvD, vs! vlvrrlvre sug DIDlvro I r rsrvrJ
r*6vrvru
1 ]ANUARY 2015
1. At the beginning of this New Year, which we welcome as God's gracious gift to all humanitv, I
offer heartfelt wishes of peace to every man and woman/ to all the world's peoples and nations,
to heads of state and government, and to religious leaders. In doing so, i pray far an end 'rc
wars, e**f'licls and the g;"eat eaused by human agency/ by epidemics past and present,
=irfferirrg
and hv the qjer;astaiir--:r: lvrou+ht by rciural dlsasters, I pray espeeially that, on the basis of our
=:-:1 -'.'i==-::-'
!n nnv Maqc:44 f41 Da21^4 !2qi rra11 ! qnnka nf tiha 4eSife fnr 2 fl,ii ...-,'
:.-..- g,.a;.-.-.-;:-\, ..,: -:..-il ;--..-..- , ,- r.-. 5^i:,-..-,F;rih
_"_ -' ::! ..,:i i' a,r-i-.,-.-.- -rnii ^--a!..
. r:!:: 'J!::_-: J a::_r _-;:=U:'Jr
:. : !
-J !.J r_-- :i:J::. ..J: =:
=.;=l?llS Or nvals, OUt aS OrOmerS anq SlSterS tO 0e aecepteq anG eillOrACe*".lIJ Sinee we are Dy
;;;iure i'eiational beings, meant to find fulfilment through iniei'perstrral reietionships inspi;'ed bv
:...::..., -.,::.--.-, :: :- i---,-:.----.-.: .: i--- -..-- :-..-....-.:,-...,1.."..-.---.: :l- -: .,."- -::-,--::.. a------:-..-- .---:
Arrtr.rnrir-riv hF :tr:,:RortJledrrei +*d res.r:ei-.ietl- Trar:i<.ali-'-r. th* flr{)wirrc scoiJrce rrf m=nk exnloitatir^rn
L,. *-.-'- -..^, .^1,. 1....*^-- LL..^ r:t.. ^ ^^*,*,,-i,--. -,-.J -^,,- ^^l!:^^ fl-j +-,
.-.-: F^-^^ ihF.1-^^--^^rl
:-.-,: t.!i : r, .'. :: 1.,tt:: :. if1! -^l^+iana
..:
' '::!::t-:iJl t:
rilarircu uy te>yell.r.rkrsitLu eirU iuVg" rittl <r";uririlrcuiri pirtr!!U;:iS!i,,ltl,. wilrt-;i i5C*s iLr t-UIrleirrf;i. iul
iiie iufieaaneiliai i-igilts *i uiiirii-:, ailc li., tire =upiiie}Siiii'i o; iiir.ir rr=ciioi'rl **ij digt-itl)'. lai.eS iiloil=ti
i-.:-:t -: '-r.:.^.:::a :ii.'.: -.:i:-:!'..' i-.^. -^.:-:i-{-^: :-aa.: ':.': :-::: i- lh: :i.:-: :.: i --1.a': '..'..'--,:.4 :.'--': -^:- :;-.-ti.-:-:
dit IIter ! dii(_l wuiiieil riu tafiqfi Sidvt:.i, oLlL u{oLfletr" dlict SisLerS .
2= The theme I have chosen r'or this 'iear's messaqe is drau/'fi from Saint Paui's leitei'tci
Fhii.,lr:rr:r:" in whi*it the Apos.iie +gk.e i:ig erw<:rk;er t{-.' -i,1.,ele*rng Qnegirnus, f+i'mei'i.l Pirliemcn i
=i=...,p r-rr-riar = f*rictien ....'.*i'-1Jt,!!Y!..,i-,-*.''=
=nrl l-h;:r"afnra amnrdinn tn Parrl rrrnrl-hrr nf hainn rnncidararl a hrnfher
i Ll- ,t,) :!-- t1!1 -.-l----,!i-!-:----l---1.- .--.!-l a----^---^--a^-- ---i-:l- !L-r
j iJ!i-:Li..- _Ji .JLiii.i'Li. -
:::.- LiiL i:i::1!J. : !itiuiiJ 1:iii ti :trii iiL llGi li-tii f vu rL:: u Itiiiil, aii-l
ii-ir-u
1rt-rumigirt have him back ior evl"r, nL] ioriger- as a sia*rlr i:LIl Enore inan a siave, as a ileiirv=d
srother" (w. i5-i6), Onesimus Lrecarne Phiiemon's Draihe{wrterr he became a Cirr-isiian.
Convei=!*;-. i'ii Chi-ist, i*e i:reil!i:i'!r:q ri * iii'e liuerj i-.i'irisftan *i.cripi*snip, ihiis r.onsiitr-t1es a new
birth (tf -i Corl:1i i k-pf i:,i': wl-rir:ir ci'rrli?ts fra!:ernifuns the fundamental Lronri of familv iir'e
,ai:d tt+ ++:;ir +f !if+ il
=+i:ir:t';.
/W f LLL rr vals DqJ gauvvu, grplvrp ur u
vL l vevv LvLJ. alv lvuSvr vsu vrvllrwr, *ras I r rqrvrr r e6v !
In the Book of Genesis (d. L:27-28), we read that God made man male and female, and blessed
them so that they could increase and multiply. He made Adam and Eve parents who, in response
to God's command to be fruifful and multiply, brought about the first fraternity, that of Cain and
Abel. Cain and Abel were brothers because they came forth from the same womb. Consequently
they had the same origin, nature and dignity as their parents, who were created in the image
and likeness of God.
But fraternityalso embraces variety and differences between brothers and sisters, even though
they are linked by birth and are of the same nature and dignity. As brothers and sisterc,
therefore, all people are in relation with others, from whom they differ, but with whom they
share the same origin, nature and dignity. In this way, fraternityconstitutes the network of
relations essential for the building of the human family created by God.
Tragically, between the first creation recounted in the Book of Genesis and the new birthin
Christ whereby believers become brothers and sisters of the "first-born among many
brethren" (Rom8:29), there is the negative reality of sin, which often disrupts human fraternity
and constantly disfigures the beauty and nobility of our being brothers and sisterc in the one
human family. It was not only that Cain could not stand Abel; he killed him out of envy and, in so
doing, committed the first fratricide. "Cain's murder of Abel bears tragic witness to his radical
rejection of their vocation to be brothers. Their story (cf. Gen 4:1-16) brings out the difficult task
to which all men and women are called, to live as one, each taking care of the other".[2]
This was also the case with Noah and his children (d. Gen 9:L8-27). Ham's disrespect for his
father Noah drove Noah to curse his insolent son and to bless the others, those who honoured
him, This created an inequality between brothers born of the same womb.
In the account of the origins of the human family, the sin of estrangement from God, from the
father figure and from the brother, becomes an expression of the refusal of communion. It gives
rise to a culture of enslavement (cf. Gen9:25-27), with all its consequences extending from
generation to generation: rejection of others, their mistreatment, violations of their dignity and
fundamental rights, and institutionalized inequality. Hence, the need for constant conversion to
the Covenant fulfilled by Jesus'sacrifice on the cross, in the confidence that "where sin
increased, grace abounded all the more... through Jesus Christ" (Rom 5:20-21). Christ, the
beloved Son (d. Mt3:L7), came to reveal the Father's love for humanity. Whoever hears the
Gospel and responds to the call to conversion becomes Jesus"'brother, sister and mothef' (Mt
12:50), and thus an adopted son of his Father (d. Eph 7:5).
One does not become a Christian, a child of the Father and a brother or sister in Christ, as the
result of an authoritative divine decree, without the exercise of personal freedom: in a word,
without being freelyconvefted to Christ. Becoming a child of God is necessarily linked to
conversion: "Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the
forgiveness of your sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit" (Acts2:38). All those
who responded in faith and with their lives to Peter's preaching entered into the fraternityof the
first Christian community (cf. I PetZ:L7; Acts 1:15-16, 6:3, 15:23): Jews and Greeks, slaves and
free (cf. 1 Corl2:t3; Gal3:28). Differing origins and social status did not diminish anyone's
digniff or exclude anyone from belonging to the People of God. The Christian community is thus
Drevvr, rauusrrlvrJlrrururr ra5!Jvru
a place of communion lived in the love shared among brothers and sisters td. Rom L2:L0; I
Thess4:9; HebL3;L; 1 Pett:Z2; 2 PetL:7).
All of this shows how the Good News of Jesus Christ, in whom God makes "all things new" (Rev
21:5),[3] is also capable of redeeming human relationshlps, including those between slaves and
masters, by shedding light on what both have in common: adoptive sonship and the bond of
brotherhood in Christ. Jesus himself said to his disciples: "No longer do I call you servants, for
the seruant does not know what his master is doing; but I have called you friends, for all that I
have heard frorn my Father I have made known to you" (Jn 15:15).
3. From time immemorial, different societies have known the phenomenon of mant subjugation
by man. There have been periods of human history in which the institution of slavery was
generally accepted and regulated by law. This legislation dictated who was born free and who
was born into slavery as well as the conditions whereby a freeborn person could lose his or her
freedom or regain it. In other words, the law itself admitted that some people were able or
required to be considered the property of other people, at their ftee disposition. A slave could be
bought and sold, given away or acquired, as if he or she were a commercial product.
Today, as the result of a growth in our awareness, slavery seen as a crime against humanity,[4]
has been formally abolished throughout the world. The right of each penson not to be kept in a
state of slavery or servifude has been recognized in international law as inviolable.
Yet even though the international community has adopted numerous agreements aimed at
ending slavery in all its forms, and has launched various strategies to combat tris phenomenon,
millions of people today - children, women and men of all ages - are deprived of freedom and
are forced to live in conditions akin to slavery.
I think of the many men and women labourery including minorc, subjugated in different sectors,
whether formally or informally, in domestic or agricultural workplaces, or in the manufacturing or
mining industry; whether in countries where labour regulations fail to comply with international
norms and minimurn standards, or, egually illegally, in countries which lack legal protection for
workers'rights.
I think also of the living conditions of many migranb who, in their dramatic odyssey, experience
hunger, are deprived of freedom, robbed of their possessions, or undergo physical and sexual
abuse. In a particular way, I think of those among them who, upon arriving at their destinaUon
after a gruelling journey marked by fear and insecurity. are detained in at times Inhumane
conditions. I think of those among them, who for different social, political and economic reasons,
are forced to live clandestinely. My thoughts also turn to those who, in order to remain within the
law, agree to disgraceful living and working conditions, especially in those cases where the laws
of a nation create or permit a structural dependency of migrant workers on their employers, as,
for example, when the legality of their residenry is made dependent on their labour contract.
Yet I am thinking of "slave labour".
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I think also of persons forced into prostitution, many of whom are minors,as well as male and
female sex slaves.I think of women forced into marriage, those sold for arranged marriages and
those bequeathed to relatives of their deceased husbands, without any right to give or withhold
their consent.
Nor can I fail to think of all those persons, minors and adulb alike, who are made objects of
traffickingfor the sle of organs, for recruitment as soldiers, for begging, for illegal activities
such as the production and sale of narcotics, or for disguised forms of cross-border adoption.
Finally, I think of all those kidnapped and held captive by terrorist groupsr subjected to their
purposes as combatants, or, above all in the case of young girls and women, to be used as sex
slaves. Many of these disappear, while others are sold several times over, tortured, mutilated or
killed.
4. Today, as in the past, slavery is rooted in a notion of the human person which allows him or
her to be treated as an object. Whenever sin corrupts the human heart and distances us from
our Creator and our neighbours, the latter are no longer regarded as beings of equal dignity, as
brothers or sisters sharing a common humanity, but rather as objects. Whether by coercion or
deception, or by physical or psychological duress, human persons created in the image and
Iikeness of God are deprived of their freedom, sold and reduced to being the property of others.
They are treated as means to an end.
Alongside this deeper cause - the rejection of another person's humanity - there are other
causes which help to explain contemporary forms of slavery. Among these, tr think in the first
place of poverty, underdevelopment and exclusion. especially when combined with a lack of
access to education ar scarce, even non-existent, employment opportunities. Not infrequently,
the victims of human trafficking and slavery are people who look for a way out of a situation of
extreme poverty; taken in by false promises of employment they often end up in the hands of
criminal networks which organize human trafflrcking. These networks are skilled in using modern
means of cornmunication as a way of luring young men and women in various pafts of the world.
Another cause of slavery is coruption on the part of people willing to do anything for financial
gain. Slave labour and human trafficking often require the complicity of intermediaries, be they
law enforcement personnel, state officials, or civil and military institutions. "This occurs when
money, and not the human person, is at the centre of an economic system. Yes, the percon,
made in the image of God and charged with dominion over all creation, must be at the centre of
every social or economic system. When the person is replaced by mammon, a subversion of
values occurs".[5]
Further causes of slavery include armed conflicts, violence, criminal activityand terrorism" Many
people are kidnapped in order to be sold, enlisted as combatants, or sexually exploited, while
others are forced to emigrate, leaving everything behind: their country, home, propefi, and
even members of their family. They are driven to seek an alternative to these terrible conditions
even at the risk of their personal dignity and their very lives; they risk being drawn into that
vicious circle which makes them prey to misery, corruption and their baneful consequences.
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5. Often, when considering the reality of human trafficking, illegal trafficking of migrants and
other acknowledged or unacknowledged forms of slavery, one has the impression that they occur
within a context of general indifference.
Sadly, this is largely true. Yet I would like to mention the enormous and often silent efforts which
have been made for many years by religious congregations, especially women's congregations,
to provide support to victims. These institutes work in very difficult situations, dominated at
times by violence, as they work to break the invisible chains binding victims to traffickers and
exploiters. Those chains are made up of a series of links, each composed of clever psychological
ploys which make the victims dependent on their exploiters. This is accomplished by blackmail
and threaB made against them and their loved ones, but also by concrete acts such as the
confiscation of their identity documents and physical violence. The activity of religious
congregations is carried out in three main areas: in offering assistance to victims, in working for
their psychological and educational rehabilitation, and in effofts to reintegrate them into the
society where they live or from which they have come.
This immense tas( which calls for courage, patience and perseverance, deserues the
appreciation of the whole Church and society. Yet, of itself, it is not sufficient to end the scourge
of the exploitation of human persons. There is also need for a threefold commitment on the
institutional levet' to prevention, to victim protection and to the legal prosecution of perpetrators.
Moreover, since criminal organizations employ global networks to achieve their goals, efforts to
eliminate this phenomenon also demand a common and, indeed, a global effoft on the part of
various sectors of society.
States must ensure that their own legislation truly respects the dignity of the human person in
the areas of migration, employment, adoption, the movement of businesses offshore and the
sale of items produced by slave labour. There is a need for just laws which are centred on the
human person, uphold fundamental rights and restore those rights when they have been
violated. Such laws should also provide for the rehabilitation of victims, ensure their personal
safety, and include effective means of enforcement which leave no room for corruption or
impunity. The role of women in society must also be recognized, not least through initiatives in
the sectors of culture and social communications.
Businesse$61 have a duty to ensure dignified working conditions and adequate salaries for their
employees, but they must also be vigilant that forms of subjugation or human trafficking do not
find their way into the distribution chain. Together with the social responsibility of businesses,
there is also the social responsibility of consumers. Every person ought to have the awareness
that "purchasing is always a moral - and not simply an economic - act".[7]
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Organizations in ciuil socrbty, for their part, have the task of awakening consciences and
promoting whatever steps are necessary for combating and uprooting the culture of
enslavement.
In recent years, the Holy See, attentive to the pain of the victims of trafficking and the voice of
the religious congregations which assist them on their path to freedom, has increased its appeals
to the international community for cooperation and collaboration between different agencies in
putting an end to this scourge.[8] Meetings have also been organized to draw attention to the
phenomenon of human trafficking and to facilitate cooperation between various agencies,
including experts from the universities and international organizations, police forces from
migrants' countries of origin, transit or destination, and representatives of ecclesial groups which
work with victims. It is my hope that these efforts will continue to expand in years to come.
6. In her "proclamation of the truth of Chrisfs love in society",[9] the Church constantly engages
in charitable activities inspired by the truth of the human person. She is charged with showing to
all the path to conversion, which enables us to change the way we see our neighbours, to
recognize in every other person a brother or sister in our human family, and to acknowledge his
or her intrinsic dignity in truth and freedom. This can be clearly seen from the story of Josephine
Bakhita, the saint originally from the Dafur region in Sudan who was kidnapped by slave-
traffickers and sold to brutal masters when she was nine years old. Subsequently - as a result of
painful experiences - she became a "free daughter of God" thanks to her faith, lived in religious
consecration and in seruice to others, especially the most lowly and helpless. This saint who
lived at the turn of the twentieth century is even today an exemplary witness of hope[l0] for
the many victims of slavery; she can support the efforts of all those committed to fighting
against this "open wound on the body of contemporary society, a scourge upon the body of
Christ". [11]
In the light of all this, I invite everyone, in accordance with his or her specific role and
responsibilities, to practice acts of fraternity towards those kept in a state of enslavement. Let us
ask ourselves, as individuals and as communities, whether we feel challenged when, in our daily
lives, we meet or deal with persons who could be victims of human trafficking, or when we are
tempted to select items which may well have been produced by exploiting others. Some of us,
out of indifference, or financial reasons, or because we are caught up in our daily concerns, close
our eyes to this. Others, however, decide to do something about it, to join civic associations or to
practice small, everyday gestures - which have so much merit! - such as offering a kind word, a
greeting or a smile. These cost us nothing but they can offer hope, open doors, and change the
life of another person who lives clandestinely; they can also change our own lives with respect to
this reality.
We ought to recognize that we are facing a global phenomenon which exceeds the competence
of any one community or country. In order to eliminate it, we need a mobilization comparable in
size to that of the phenomenon itself. For this reason I urgently appeal to all men and women of
good will, and all those near or far, including the highest levels of civil institutions, who witness
the scourge of contemporary slavery, not to become accomplices to this evil, not to turn away
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from the sufferings of our brothers and sisterc, our fellow human beings, who are deprived of
their freedom and dignity. Instead, may we have the courage to touch the suffering flesh of
Christ,[12] revealed in the faces of those countless persons whom he calls "the least of these my
brethren" (Mt 25:4A, 45).
We know that God will ask each of us: What did you do for your brother? (cf. Gen 4:9-tA). The
globalization of indifference, which today burdens the lives of so many of our brothers and
sisters, requires all of us to forge a new worldwide solidarity and fraternity capable of giving
them new hope and helping them to advance with courage amid the problems of our time and
the new horizons which they disclose and which God places in our hands.
FRANCISCUS
[1] No. 1.
[4] Cf. Address to Delegates of the International Association of Penal Law, 23 October 20L4:
L'Osseruatore Romano,24 October 2AL4, p. 4.
[5] Address to Participants in the World Meeting of Popular Movements, 28 October 2AL4;
L'Osseruatore Romano,29 October 20t4, p.7.
[6] Cf. PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE, Vocation of the Business Leader: A
Reflection,2013.
t8l Cf. Messageto Mr Guy Ryder, Director General of the International Labour Organization, on
the occasion of the 103'd Session of the ILO, 22[{lay 20L4: L'Osseruatore Romano,29 May 20L4,
p.7.
[10] "Through the knowledge of this hope she was'redeemed', no longer a slave, but a free child
of God. She understood what Paul meant when he reminded the Ephesians that previously they
were without hope and without God in the world - without hope because without
God" (BENEDICT XVI, Encyclical Letter Spe Salvi, 3).