3G Network Planning & Dimensioning

Course Outlines

Day 1
WCDMA Fundamental
Radio Network Planning Process
Dimensioning
Configuration Planning
Day 2
Power Budget
Coverage and Capacity Planning Cell Range
Coverage and Capacity Planning Cell Load
Site Selection & Planning
Initial Parameter Planning
Simulation with Planning Tool (Atoll)
WCDMA Fundamental
Standardisation of 3G cellular networks ~1mmob1
ITU (Global guirdellines and re(ommendations)
IMT-2000: Global standard for third generation 1(3G) wireless con11
m unications
3GPP is a co-operation between stanctardisati on bodies
1

e), AR[H/TTC Oapanl C[SA ([hina), ATIS (North Amertca) and TTA (South Korea~1
ETSI {Europ1
GSM
EDGE
UMTS
WCDMA - FDD
WCDMA - TDD
TO-SCOMA
3GPP2 is a ca-operation between standardisati1on bod11es
ARIB{rT( Oapan), CCSA r[Chtna)i, TIA (INortlh America) and TIA (Soutlh Korea)
COMAZOOO
fDMA2000 tx
[0MA2000 lxEV-DO
IMT-2000 frequency allocations
UMTS FDD frequency band evolution ~1mmob1
Re ~ ea. se 99'
I 1920 - 19 80 fVlHz
1
21 10 - 2170 J\~ H z UllV1TS on~y in Europe Japan
1

u 1850 - 1910 MHz 1930 - 1990 J\4Hz US PCS GSM1900

1

New in Release 5
UI 1710-1785 l/VlHz 1
1805-']880 l/VlHz GSM1BOO
1

New in Release 6
IV 1710-1755 FVlHz 1
2110-2 155 l/VlHz US 2_ 1 GHz band
V B24-84 9M Hz
1
869L894MHz US cellular, GSl'V1850
VI 830-840 F\~ H z 87S-885 fV1Hz
1
Japan
New in Release 7
V II 2500-2570 FV1Hz 2620-2690 l/VlHz
92~ 960 JV1Hz
1 1GSJ\~ 900
V III 880-9 15 F\11Hz
1

IX 1749_9-1784_9 J\~ H z 1844_9-18.79 _9 J\~H z

1
Japan
UMTS Air Interface technologies
WCDMA FDD technology ~1mmob1
Multiple ac(.ess technology is wideband (DMA (WiCOMA)
Al I oel ~s at san1e ca rr~11er fr1e quency
Spreading [Odes us ecl to s eparate c.eUs and use1rs
1 1

Sig nal bandwidth 3.84 MHz

Multiple (.arriers [an be used to in[rease (.apaciit y

Inter-Frequency fu nctiona hty to support mobility between frequencies

Compati1bil1ty with GSM te[hnology

Inter-System furnctionality to support mobi1hty between GSM and UMTS
WCDMA technology
UMTS & GSM network planning
Difference between WCDMA & GSM
Multiple WCDMA carriers Layered network
CDMA principles Chips & Bits symbol
Energy Box ~1mmob1
Energy per bit = Eb = canst
1

Originating Bit Received Bit

Dura,t io n
i(t = 1/R 1)

H~11gher spreading facto r ~ W~id 1er frequency band ~ Lowie r power s1

p e1c tral density
BUT
San1e Energy p er B~1t
Spreading & Processing Gain
Processing Gain Examples
Transmission Power
WCDMA Codes
DL Spreading & Multiplexing in WCDMA =t 1mmob1

;CHANNE,USATIQN codes: Radio frame 15 time s Qts

C001 Pi iot m n111uu1111 m111n111n n1 n11u111111111 11m-

P-CPICIH BC CH Ii Iii! i! i Iii i i! !illi ii m!!Ii 0iii iIi! i ii Iii!!Ii !I Ii

Pilot User 1 IIll Ill IIll II IIll III m II lllH 11111111111111 1 II 111
CODE2 user 2 Ill III IIn! !!Im] nJ11imd1Jrrni [!ill I 11 11111
P-CCPCH ll.Jser J
BCCH
CODEl
SUM
~
User 1 - - - t4 DPCH,
CODE 4
3.84 MHz

User2 ---t~~-D_rP_C_H_2~~ SCRAMBLING

CODE
RF carr~er

CODE5
RF
User3

3.84 MHz band vidth

DL & UL Channelisation Codes ~1mmob1
w a1sh-Hadarn1ard codes: orthogonal variable spreading factor codes (OVSF codes)
SF for the Dl transmiJSsfon in mD mode = {4., 8, 16 32, 64 1 128, 2S6, S12}
1
,

SF for t he UL transmitssion in FOO mode = { 4, 8, 16132164., 128, 2S6}

Good orthogonality properties: cross. rorrellation value for each code pair in the code set
equalls O
In theoreticall 1e nvironment users of onie oelll do not interfiere each other in DL
In prarticaf n1 uftip,a th environn1ent ortlhogonafity is pardy lost ~ Interfferienoe between users
of san1e ceH
Orthogona I ieod es a re suited ior channel separation" where synchronisation between
different channels can be guaranteed
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Down l~nk channells under one oell

Uplink rhannels from a single us1e r
Orthogonal codes have bad auto correlation prop erties and thus. not suited in an
1 1

as.y nch ronous environment

Scrambling rode requfred to separate signalls between cellls in DL and us ers in UL
1
Channelisation Code Tree
Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL) ~1mmob1

spreading Orn aJril nel Olannel bit DRDCH M aooi mum user
fad: or symbol rabe channel bit data. rate with %-
r.ate (kbps) rate range rate cod~ ng
k ' k s
512 7.5 1S
256 15 30 12- 24
128 30 60 42-51
64 60 120 90
32 120 240 2 10
16 240 480 432
8 480 960 912
4 960 1920 1872
4 . with 3 2880 5760 5616
parallel
codes

w
Rsymoo1
. = -SF R b_ p hy = 2 ' R SJ,mbol
(QPSK modulation)
Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL) - HSDPA ~1mmob1
3GPP Relea e 5 tand rd introduced enhanc ed DL bit r te w1th High ' peed
1

Down link P'acket Acee s (H DP A) t echnology

1
1

Shared high bit rate chanrne~ between users - H1gh peak bit rates
Sim1ultaneou u age of up to 15 lll channeli at~on codes. (In HSllPA SF=16)
1

Hi gher order rnodulation scheme (l6-QAM) ~ Higher bit rate in same ba1r1d
1
1

16-QAM pro vide.s 4 bits per s.yrmbol ~ 960 kbit/s I code physical channel peak rate,
1

HSDPA
Coding rate Coding rate 5 codes 10 cO<les 15 codes

1/4 600 kbps 1.2 Mbps LS Mbps

QPSK 2/~ 12 MbJ!)S 2.4 Mbps 3.6 Mbps

I 3/4 .fill'.Hbp 3.6 Hbps 5..4 Mbps

2/4 2.4 Mbps a.a Mbps 7.2 Mbps

16QAM I 3/ ' Ml) 7.2 Mbps 4llt~

4/4 4.18 MbJ)S 9.6 Hbps 14.4. Mbps
Physical Layer Bit Rates (DL) - HSUPA
DL & UL Scrambling Codes
Scrambling Codes & Multipath Propagation
RAKE Receiver
Channelisation & Spreading Codes ~1mmob1

Channelisation code Scrnmbling <>ode

Usage Uplink: Sepa ration ,of phys ical data Upl ink: Separation of mob i fe
(DPDCH) and control channels Down Ii nk: Separation of sectors ( oells)
{DPCCH) f rom s-am e te rm inal
DownIink: Separation of down Iin k
connections to different us,ers within one
cell
Length 4- 256 ch ips (1.0- 6r6_7 s) Uplink: (1) 10 ms = 38400 ch ips or (2)
Do1unli nk a lso 512 chips =
66 .1 s 25 6 chips
1

Option (2) can be us,ed with advanced

Different bit rates by changi ng th e length
base station receivers
o f thie code
Downlink: 10 ms = 38400 chips
Number of codes N umber of co des under Ofil e scrambling Uplink: 16 _a million
code = spreadi ng factor
Down li nk: 512
Code fam ily Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor Long 10 ms oode: Gold code
Short code: Extended S(2) code family
Spread ing Yes, in crnases transm ission bandwidth No. does not affect tmnsm ission
bandwidth
Radio Resource Management ~1mmob1

RRIMis responsiblle for optimal utilisation of the radio resouirces:

1 1

Transmission power and interference

Logical codes
The trad e-off between capacity, covera'g'e and quality is done a 11 the ti rme
1 1

Minin1um required quality for each user (nothing ~ess and nothing more)
-7 Maxi mum1number of users
The radio resourres are continuouslly monitored a nd optimirsed by several IRRM
1

functionalities
se rv1ice qualily

...... Optimization
and Tailoring

oell coverage ce 11 ca p.aoity

RRM Functionalities ~1mmob1

LC Load Control

LC PS AC Admissi on Contro l

PS Pac ket Schedu ller

AC / RM R1e source Manag er 1

___________.
PC Pow,e r Contro l
HC HO Cont rol

nectio n/user
Load Control (LC)
Load Control Load Status
Admission Control (AC)
Packet Scheduler (PS)
Resource Manager (RM)
Power Control (PC) in WCDMA ~1mmob1

Fast, accurate powe1r oo ntro I is of utmost i m po rtanc e - pa rti cul a rlly in UL;
1

UEs transmit continuously on same frequency -7 Always interference between users

,. Poor PC leads to i ncreasedl interference -7 red uced capacit~l
Every UE acoessi ng network in criease i nterferie Jl[e
,. PC ta rg1et to mini n1ise the interference 7 Minin11ize tra nsn11it power of each Ii n k
1

'While s,t i Ill maintaining t he lli nk quality (BEIR)1

1
Mitig at es nea r far effect' in UL by provi din g mi ni1m u1m re qui red power for each
1 1 1 1

[Onnection
Power rontrol has to be fast enou gh to fol low changes i1n propagation
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[Onditi ons (fading)

Step lip/ down 1500 tim1es/second
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Uplink Power Control Target
Power Control Types ~1mmob1
Power [Ontro l funrtionality can be di1vided to three main types

Open loop [p ower rontrol

Initia I power calculation based on DL pi lot level/pathlloss, measurement by UE
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Outer (1d osed) loop p1ow1er control

Conn ectio.i qualli ty rneasu rernent (BER, IBILER) and comparison to QoS tar get
1

IRF quality tar get (SIR ta rget) setting for fast closed lloop PC based on connection
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qualli ty
Fast 1d os ed loop power contro l
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Radio link RF qualli ty (S~R) m1easuren11ent and com parison to RF q uality ta rget (SIR
target)1
Power control com ma nd t ransmission based on RF quality eva Iuation
Change of transmit power according to received power fontrol (Om mand
Power Control Types ~1mmob1

0 pen !L oop Power Control

1
1

MS
...... ...,,
... -
~:=~

iC losed Loop Power Control

BS UL 0 ut er Loop
1

RN
Power Contro___..-
1
l c
Dl Out er Loop
Power Contro .
1

BLER target
Power Control (PC) in HSPA
Handover Control (HC) ~1mmob1

HC is responsible for:
Mana ging the mobility aspects of an RR( connection as UE moves around the
1

111etworlk: coverage area

Maintaining hig1h cap acity by ensunng UE is always served by strong1est ceU
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Soft handover
MS handover between different base stations
Softe1r ha n dlove r
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MS handover within one base station but between different sectors,

Hard handover
MS handover between different frequencies or between WCDMA and GSM
Soft / Softer Handover
Hard Handover
HSPA Mobility
Radio Network Planning Process
Network Planning Process
Radio Network Planning tasks
Radio Network Planning tasks
Approaches to 3G Radio Network Planning
Path loss based 3G Planning
Path loss based 3G Planning - Results
Simulation based 3G Planning
Simulation based 3G Planning - Results
Simulation based 3G Planning UL Load
Dimensioning
Dimensioning
Dimensioning Process Description
Dimensioning Process Description =t 1mmob1

coverag e limited scenario

1 1

Evaluate cell range usin g max system load

and 11rnk budget for user at the cell edge
; ~
Coverage ltrnited m ax_cell rang:e
for sp ecified m ax system load
,,
Compute ceJI loading tram traffic
profile and cell rarnge
system loadi1ng is !lower than the levell used
inirtiallly to compute t he cell range
JRi:se in inte rference floor used in the linlk budget
calculation was pe.s:simi'stic
con1plete process is repe.ated wirth a !lower v.alue
1

of system I oadi1ng
~

Jllower i ncrease in interference floor~ greater ceU

range~ more users i n each ceH 7 g reater actual
Decrease max Add Carrier/ syste,m ~oadi n g.
system load Oeerease cell radius

Less Greater ~ Capacity

Co verage
Limited Umn than Limned The reduction in system loading used in t he It nk
.,
budget callculation is continued until U matches
Compare cell load ing with the maximum
pemlissible system b ad ? the a(tual syster11 loading computed by the
traffic profile. This then defines the final ceU
Equal to range.
i r
Cel II range known
Dimensioning Process Description ~1mmob1

Evaluate cell range using max system load

and Iink budget for user at the ceJI edge In th ils G:~se
'~ Sy.stem loading is. greater than the maximum
Coverage limited max.. cell range
for sipecified max system load
IeveI used i111itia lly to com pute the cellI range
,, Maximum OL power iiS exceeded
Compute cell loading from traffic H5PA throughput (UL or DL) is low er than
profiile and ceJI range m i111imum throughp ut
(e~ ll
tCap.acity mL!lst be tncre.ased or the celll si1ze
decreased
Decrease max: Add CarrierJ Incriease the ceH capadty by adding .addirtion.al
system load Decrease ,ceH radius caniers
Dedicated HSPA carrier a lso possib le
Oov erng ~ Less Greaterr ' Capacity
Umited ltlan
, than Limited Reduced cell range -7 fewer users loading the
Compare cell loading with Ule maximum
cen
perm iss1ble system load ? A reduction in cell range i5 made a 111 d the
1

system load~ ng re-calcu lated

Equal to The reduction i1n celll rang1e i1s done irterattrvely
~ known
C elll rrange
unttrll 1tihe target load or HSPA throughput is
achieved. This tlhen defines the final cell r.ange.
Input Parameters - Overview
Capacity Related Input
Capacity Related Input
HSPA related dimensioning inputs
Coverage Related Inputs
Quality Related Input
Cell Loading Calculation
Cell Loading Calculation R99 Traffic
L T:raiffic per Cell
&Lu1,g- or kbit/s
2. I ra:t:lic Chao:nels
3. Physic.al ChJ!l!lllE!k
(=trai:t:lic cb.amtels *SHO)
4. Interfering Channels
(=physical chann.ek*acti...,;ity factor)
5. Fractional Load
~1mmob1
Traffic per celrn is usuaUy defined in terms of Erlang for voi(e and real
time (RT) data service5 and tn terms of kb1ts/s for non real ttme (NRT)
data
For vot(e and RT data services the calculations are based upon the
Erlang B formula and for NIRT data services upon throughput. The two
equations ,are given be low.
Voi oe afll d RT data: tchs = El;-langBchs (bloc _ prob;traffic)
trqffic
tchs = - - - - -
NRT data: thYio.rughput =~ R
R is tlhe service bit rate. The blocking probability is typica Hy assumed to be
2%., Tihe thro wg hp ut is assurm ed to be 19%. This ff g u re indl u des the L2
re~tramsmission overhead of 10% and 15%, of buffer headroom to avoid
1
overflow l(p ea k to ave rage load ratio h eadroomJ ==> (1+0.10] x (1+0.15) =
1.2 6 5 => 216.5% overhead = > th roughpurt 7 9%
Cell Loading Calculation R99 Traffic
Cell Loading Calculation R99 Traffic
Cell Loading Calculation R99 Traffic
Total base station DL power R99 traffic
Load Calculation Examples
Channel Element Calculation
Channel Element Calculation
Channel Element Calculation - HSDPA
WSPC capacity for DCH & HSDPA, example
Channel Element Calculation - HSUPA
Configuration Planning
Configuration Planning
Base Station task
Base station (RF) configuration option
Base station performance
WCDMA base station transmit power
WCDMA base station transmit power - HSDPA
WCDMA base station sensitivity
WCDMA base station sensitivity
Base station reception performance Eb/No
Required Eb/No
Required UL Eb/No - specification
Required UL Eb/No - HSUPA
Required UL Ec/Io
Base station performance in different frequency band
Antenna System
Antenna Types
Antenna Structure Dual / Single band
Antenna Specification
WCDMA Antenna Panels
WCDMA Antenna Panels
WCDMA Antenna Panels in different frequency bands
Mast Head Amplifier (MHA)
Diplexers / Triplexers
Feeder
Antenna system performance - summary
Mobile Station performance
Mobile Station performance
Mobile Station performance Required DL Eb/No
Mobile Station performance - HSDPA
Required SINR
Relation between Avg. SINR vs HSDPA Throughput
Power Budget
Power Budget
Introduction
Power Budget
Power Budget Calculation
WCDMA Power Budget
WCDMA Power Budget
WCDMA Power Budget
Required Eb/No
Soft Handover MDC Gain - UL
Soft Handover MDC Gain - UL
Soft Handover MDC Gain - DL
Soft Handover MDC Gain - DL
Interference Margin
WCDMA Power Budget
Cable Loss
Benefit of Using MHA
WCDMA Power Budget
Soft Handover Gain (Gain Against Slow Fading)
Soft Handover Gain (Gain Against Slow Fading)
Fast Fading Margin
Fast Fading Margin
WCDMA Power Budget
Power per connection (DL)
WCDMA Power Budget
HSDPA Link Budget
HSDPA Link Budget
HSUPA Link Budget
HSUPA Link Budget
HSUPA Link Budget
WCDMA Power Budget UL/DL Balance
Power Budget Balance High vs Low Load
Power Budget for different services
Coverage & Capacity Planning Cell Range
Coverage & Capacity Planning Cell Range
Planning Margins
Slow Fading Margin
Coverage Probability = Area Location Probability over Cell Area
Slow Fading Margin
Building Penetration Loss (BPL)
Pilot Power Planning threshold
Pilot Power Planning threshold
Pilot Power Planning threshold - Examples
Propagation Models Okumura-Hata & COST Hata Model
Propagation Models Okumura-Hata & COST Hata Model
Propagation Models COST Walfish-Ikegami Model
Propagation Models COST Walfish-Ikegami Model
Propagation Models COST Walfish-Ikegami Model
Coverage Area
Cell Range Calculation - Examples
Coverage & Capacity Planning Cell Load
Coverage & Capacity Planning Cell Range
Cell Load Calculation
Load Factor & Interference Margin
Load Calculation
Load Calculation
Load Calculation - UL Little i
Load Calculation
Load Calculation Power Rise
Load Calculation
Power Based Load Estimation
Throughput Based Load Estimation
UL & DL Load Comparison
UL & DL Load Comparison
Value used in the following examples (12.2 speech, 64/128/384 kbps data)
Site Selection & Planning
Site Selection & Planning
Site Selection
Site Selection Criteria
Site Inclusion Criteria - Radio
Site Inclusion Criteria - Implementation
Site Prioritisation Criteria
Site Selection Site Information
Site Selection Site Survey Tools
Site Selection Site Survey Document
Site Installation Examples
Nearby Obstacles Requirement
Roof-top Installation
Roof-top Installation
Antenna Installation on the wall
Initial Parameter Planning
Initial Parameter Planning
Scrambling Code Planning
Scrambling Code Planning Rules
Scrambling Code Planning Strategies
Scrambling Code Planning Methods
Neighbor Planning Process
3G Intra-frequency Neighbor list
3G Intra-frequency Neighbor planning
3G Inter-frequency Neighbor list
3G Inter-frequency Neighbor planning
2G Neighbor list
2G Neighbor planning
Thank You