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BSisrelatedwithairpollutioncontrolnormssetbyIndianGovernment.IndianGovernment
hasdecidedallowablelimitinpercentagesforvariousexhaustgaseslikeCarbonDioxide,
Hydrocarbon,CarbonMonoxides.Thisemissiongaseshazardoustotheenvironment.
Allnewvehiclesmanufacturedaftertheimplementationofthe
normshavetobecompliantwiththeregulations.
WhatIsBS?
Bharatstageemissionstandards areemissionstandardsinstitutedbytheGovernment
ofIndiatoregulatetheoutputofairpollutantsfrominternalcombustionenginesandSpark
ignitionenginesequipment,includingmotorvehicles.Thestandardsandthetimelinefor
implementationaresetbytheCentralPollutionControlBoardundertheMinistryof
Environment&Forestsandclimatechange.
Bs4meansa'catalyticconverter'isamandatoryadditiontotheexhaustsystem
ThenationwiderolloutofBSIVsufferedadelayduetolackofavailabilityofBSIV
compliantfuel.Oilmakershadtomakethenecessaryinvestmenttomanufacture50ppm
ultralowsulfurrequiredtosupportBSIVnorms.
Also,theBSnormsarebasedonEuropeanemissionnormswhich,forexample,arereferred
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toinasimilarmannerlikeEuro4andEuro6.Thesenormsarefollowedlargelybyall
automakersacrosstheglobeandactasagoodreferencepointastohowmuchdoesa
vehiclepollute.
Towrapitupandputitsimply,BharatStageemissionnormsarelargelysimilartothe
Europeanemissionnormsfollowedglobally.
WhyBS4Applicablestrictly
Indiahassomeofthemostpollutedcitiesintheworldandautomobilesareoftenconsidered
asoneofthebiggestfactorsresponsibleforit.Theneedofthehouristocontrolthepollution
levelsbyallmeanspossibleandsinceglobally,countriesareimplyingEuro6levelsof
emissionregulations,IndianeedstostepupitsgameandhencetheBSIIItoBSIV
emissionnormimplication.
DifferencebetweenBS3AndBS4/BS4bikeChanges?
Youmightwonderwhatexactlychangesinengineandexhaustsystemshouldbemadeto
meetemissiongasesrequirementasperbs4.
Bs4carsrequirespecialbs4compliantBs4diesel(containinglowsulfer
i.e.50ppm),whileBs3carscanrunonhighsulfer(500ppm)containingbs3
complaintorbs4complaintdiesel.
Differenceinemissionsb/wbs3andbs4
BS3
carbonmonoxide2.30g/km
HC0.20g/km
NOX0.15g/km
BS4
c arbonmonoxide1.00g/km
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HC0.10g/km
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NOX0.08g/km
ThesefiguresclearlystatethatBSIVengineswouldcutdownemissionsby80%andhats
offtoauthoritieswhohavetakenthisboldstepforabetterenvironment
MajorchangeinBSIVistheevaporativeemissioncontrol.In2wheelers,in
ordertocomplywiththenorms,bikeswillhavetobefittedwith
carboncanisters
tocontrolevaporativeemissions.Thevapourfromfuelhasahigheramountof
unburnedhydrocarbons(extremelyharmfultoenvironment).Sowhenthevehicle
Share isparked,thesevapoursareformed.Theseescapeoutwhenrefuellingandthis
hastobelimitedaccordingtoBSIVnorms.
ThecommercialvehiclesaremandatedtohaveEGRandSCRasperBSIV
norms.Selectivecatalyticreduction(SCR)convertsNOxmoleculesinto
Nitrogenandwater.
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