ADVANCED CARDIAC PROCEDURE

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is done to treat an aneurysm. An aneurysm is a bulging,
weak spot in the aorta that may be at risk for rupturing. In this case, the aneurysm is in part of the aorta
that is in the abdomen.
Alcohol Septal Ablation

Alcohol septal ablation is a minimally invasive procedure for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, a

condition in which your heart muscle is abnormally thick. The purpose of the procedure is to decrease
your symptoms and to reduce future complications.
Angioplasty and Stent Placement for the Heart

Angioplasty, also called percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), is a procedure used to open blocked
coronary arteries (caused by coronary artery disease) and restore blood flow to the heart muscle
without open-heart surgery.
Ankle Brachial Index Test

The ankle brachial index, or ABI, is a simple test that compares the blood pressure in the upper and
lower limbs. It is one way to detect peripheral arterial disease (PAD).
Anomalous Coronary Artery Intervention

Anomalous coronary artery intervention is a type of procedure to correct a problem coronary artery. An
anomalous coronary artery has an abnormal shape. This can cause it to be blocked. During the
procedure, the blocked part of the artery is opened up.
Aortic Valve Replacement: Minimally Invasive

A minimally invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a badly working aortic valve with
an artificial valve. The aortic valve is one of the hearts four valves. The valves help blood flow
through the hearts 4 chambers and out to your body normally. The surgery is called minimally
invasive because it uses a smaller incision than a traditional open repair.
Aortic Valve Replacement: Open

An open, invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a poorly working aortic valve with
an artificial valve. An open, invasive aortic valve replacement is a surgery to replace a poorly working
aortic valve with an artificial valve.
Arm Care After a Stroke

Many people who have a stroke are left with problems with one of their arms. Proper arm care after a
stroke can help treat these problems with your arm. It can also help prevent new problems from
starting. Arm care after a stroke includes techniques such as proper positioning.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation

Atrial fibrillation ablation is a procedure to treat atrial fibrillation. It uses small burns or freezes to
 cause some scarring on the inside of the heart to help break up the electrical signals that cause irregular
heartbeats. This can help the heart maintain a normal heart rhythm.
Atrial Fibrillation Surgery

The Maze procedure is a type of heart surgery to treat atrial fibrillation.

Atrial Septal Defect Transcatheter Repair

Atrial septal defect (ASD) transcatheter repair is a procedure to fix a hole in the atrial septum. Your
child will not need an incision in the chest wall.
Blood Transfusions in Children

A blood transfusion is when blood is put into the body. During a blood transfusion, your child receives
donated blood through one of his or her blood vessels.
Cardiac Catheterization

In cardiac catheterization (often called cardiac cath), a very small hollow tube, or catheter, is advanced
from a blood vessel in the groin or arm through the aorta into the heart. Once it is in place, several
diagnostic and treatment procedures can be done using catheterization.
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is a type of treatment to help correct serious heart rhythm
problems. It involves placing a device under your skin that is connected to the heart's ventricles. The
device sends electrical signals to help them pump the way they should.
Carotid Angioplasty and Stenting

Angioplasty and stenting is a procedure to improve the blood flow in an artery or vein. It involves
threading a thin tube with a balloon at its tip through the artery to the blocked portion. The balloon is
inflated opening up the artery. A stent is placed to prop it open. A stent is a mesh tube.
Carotid Artery Duplex Scan

A carotid artery duplex scan is an imaging test to look at how blood flows through the carotid arteries
in your neck.
Carotid Endarterectomy

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is a surgical treatment for carotid artery disease. The carotid arteries are
the main blood vessels that carry oxygen and blood to the brain. In carotid artery disease, these arteries
become narrowed. This reduces blood flow to the brain and could cause a stroke.
Catheter Ablation

This procedure guides a tube into your heart to destroy small areas of heart tissue that may be causing
your abnormal heartbeat.
Chemical Cardioversion

Cardioversion is a procedure used to return an abnormal heartbeat to a normal rhythm. This procedure
is used when the heart is beating very fast or irregular. This is called an arrhythmia. In chemical
cardioversion, medicines are used to get the heart back to a normal rhythm. It is different from
electrical cardioversion. This is where an energy shock is used to bring back a normal heart rhythm.
 Coarctation of the Aorta Transcatheter Repair

Coarctation of the aorta is an abnormal narrowing of the aorta. The aorta is the large blood vessel that
exits the heart. Transcatheter repair is a type of procedure that can treat the aorta without the need for
open heart surgery.
Computed Tomography Angiography

CT angiography is a type of medical test that combines a CT scan with an injection of a special dye to
produce pictures of blood vessels and tissues in a part of your body.
Congenital Aortic Stenosis Surgery: Ross Procedure

A Ross procedure is a type of surgery. It fixes a birth defect in the heart that involves the aortic valve.
Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis Balloon Valvuloplasty

Congenital pulmonary stenosis is a health problem present from birth. Its when the pulmonary valve in
your heart doesnt fully open. Congenital pulmonary stenosis balloon valvuloplasty is a type of
procedure that aims to fix this problem. It does so without the need for open heart surgery.
Congenital Pulmonary Stenosis Surgery

Congenital pulmonary stenosis is when the pulmonary valve doesnt fully open. This health problem is
present from birth. Congenital pulmonary stenosis surgery aims to fix this problem. It is a type of open
heart surgery.
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery

Coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) is a procedure used to treat coronary artery disease. One
way to treat the blocked or narrowed arteries is to bypass the blocked portion of the coronary artery
with a piece of a healthy blood vessel from elsewhere in the body.
CT Scan of the Chest

CT scan is a type of imaging test. It uses X-rays and computer technology to make images or slices of
the body. A CT scan can make detailed pictures of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles,
fat, organs, and blood vessels. They are more detailed than regular X-rays.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogram

A dobutamine stress echocardiogram is a diagnostic test to assess the heart muscle under stress. If
exercise on a treadmill is not an option (too much stress on the heart) due to a persons medical
condition, a doctor may use an intravenous medicine called dobutamine. Dobutamine causes the heart
to beat faster and will mimic the effects of exercise on the heart.
Double Outlet Right Ventricle Surgery

Double outlet right ventricle surgery is a procedure that fixes a type of heart malformation called
double outlet right ventricle (DORV).
DVT Prevention: Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Devices

Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) devices are used to help prevent blood clots in the deep
veins of the legs. The devices use cuffs around the legs that fill with air and squeeze your legs. This
increases blood flow through the veins of your legs and helps prevent blood clots.
 Echocardiogram

An echocardiogram is a noninvasive (the skin is not pierced) procedure used to assess the heart's
function and structures.
Electrical Cardioversion

Cardioversion is a procedure used to return an abnormal heartbeat to a normal rhythm. This procedure
is used when the heart is beating very fast or irregular. This is called an arrhythmia. Arrhythmias can
cause problems such as fainting, stroke, heart attack and even sudden cardiac death. With electrical
cardioversion, a low-energy shock is sent to the heart to reset a normal rhythm. It is different from
chemical cardioversion, in which medications are used to try to restore a normal rhythm.
Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and fastest tests used to evaluate the heart.
Electrodes (small, plastic patches that stick to the skin) are placed at certain locations on the chest,
arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an ECG machine by lead wires, the electrical
activity of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out.
Electrophysiological Studies

An electrophysiologic study uses small, thin wire electrodes placed directly on the heart to evaluate
you for an abnormal heart rhythm.
Endovascular Repair of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Endovascular repair is a type of treatment for an abdominal aortic aneurysm, or AAA. This is a bulge
in the wall of the large artery below your heart that is at risk for rupture. During the procedure, the
weak section of the aorta is treated to prevent it from tearing.
Endovenous Laser Varicose Vein Surgery

Endovenous laser varicose vein surgery is a procedure that uses heat from a laser to reduce varicose
veins. Varicose veins are swollen, bulging veins that often happen on the thighs or calves. A laser is a
device that sends a thin beam of radiation in the form of light.
Event Monitor

An event monitor is a portable device used to record your hearts electrical activity when you have
symptoms. It records the same information as an electrocardiogram (ECG), but for longer durations of
time. Most of these devices can transmit the recorded information directly to your healthcare provider.
This allows him or her to analyze the electrical activity of your heart while you are having symptoms.
Exercise Echocardiogram

An exercise echocardiogram is a procedure in which ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to

asses the heart's response to stress or exercise.
Exercise Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the simplest and fastest tests used to evaluate the heart. For this
test, electrodes (small, plastic patches that stick to the skin) are placed at certain spots on the chest,
arms, and legs. When the electrodes are connected to an ECG machine by wires, the electrical activity
of the heart is measured, interpreted, and printed out.
 Femoral Popliteal Bypass Surgery

Femoral popliteal bypass surgery is used to treat blocked femoral artery. The femoral artery is the
largest artery in the thigh. It supplies oxygen-rich blood to the leg. Blockage is due to plaque buildup or
atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis in the leg arteries causes peripheral vascular disease. The same process
causes heart disease and stroke.
Heart Transplant

A heart transplant is surgery done to remove the diseased heart from a person and replace it with a
healthy one from an organ donor.
Heart Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery

Heart valve repair or replacement surgery is a treatment option for valvular heart disease. When heart
valves become damaged or diseased, they may not function properly. Conditions which may cause
heart valve dysfunction are valvular stenosis and valvular insufficiency (regurgitation).
Holter Monitor

The Holter monitor is a type of electrocardiogram (ECG) used to record an ECG tracing of the heart
continuously for 24 hours or longer.
Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Insertion

An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a small electronic device used to continuously

monitor and help regulate potentially fast and life-threatening electrical problems with the heart.
Implantable Device Replacement Procedure

Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are heart devices. They are surgically
placed in people. Pacemakers are used to treat slow heart rhythms. ICDs stop dangerous, fast heart
rhythms.
Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) Filter Placement

An inferior vena cava (IVC) filter is a small device that can stop blood clots from going up into the
lungs. The inferior vena cava is a large vein in the middle of your body. The device is put in during a
brief surgery.
Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump Therapy

An intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) is a type of therapeutic device. It helps your heart pump more
blood. You may need it if your heart is unable to pump enough blood for your body.
Lead Extraction

Many people have surgically implanted cardiac devices. These devices include pacemakers and
implantable cardioverter defibrillators or ICDs. Pacemakers can help treat slow heart rhythms, and
ICDs stop dangerous rapid heart rhythms.
Left Atrial Appendage Closure Procedures

If you are unable to take a blood thinner because of risk of bleeding or falls, your doctor may
recommend a procedure to occlude your left atrial appendage.
 Loop Recorder Implantation

An implantable loop recorder, or ILR, is a device that helps the heart. It has several uses. The most
common ones include looking for causes of fainting, palpitations, very fast or slow heartbeats, and
hidden rhythms that can cause strokes. During a loop recorder implantation, your heart health care
provider (cardiologist) does a minor procedure. He or she places the machine under your skin, on your
chest wall, a few inches below your collarbone. The machine works as an electrocardiogram (ECG),
continuously picking up electrical signal from your heart.
Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Magnetic resonance angiography or MRA is a type of imaging test that allows a healthcare provider to
look at the body's blood vessels.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Heart

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a test that uses a large magnet, radio signals, and a computer to
make images of organs and tissue in the body. In this case, the heart is imaged. MRI may be used
instead of a CT scan when organs or soft tissues are being studied.
Mitral Valve Replacement: Open

An open mitral valve replacement is a surgery to replace a poorly working mitral valve with an
artificial valve. The mitral valve, one of the hearts four valves, helps blood flow through the heart and
out to the body. The mitral valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle. Your doctor will
replace your poorly working mitral valve with an artificial valve. This will ensure that blood can flow
into the left ventricle and then flow out to the body normally, without putting extra stress on the heart.
The surgery is called open because it uses a traditional larger incision to expose the heart. This
incision is larger than the incision used in minimally invasive mitral valve replacement surgery.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery

Coronary artery bypass surgery, commonly known as CABG, is a type of heart surgery. Surgeons
perform this type of surgery to bypass blockages in the coronary arteries. An off-pump CABG is a
CABG performed without the use of a heart-lung machine (cardiopulmonary bypass). This means the
heart continues to provide blood to the rest of the body during the surgery. It is sometimes referred to
as beating heart surgery.
Pacemaker Insertion

A pacemaker is a small electronic device that helps regulate slow electrical problems in the heart. The
pacemaker is usually implanted in the chest, just below the collarbone. A pacemaker may be
recommended to keep the heartbeat from slowing down to a dangerously low rate.
Patent Foramen Ovale Transcatheter Repair

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a small hole between the 2 upper chambers of the heart, the right and
the left atrium. Patent foramen transcatheter repair is a procedure to fix this hole in the heart.
Percutaneous Balloon Pericardiotomy

Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy (PBP) is a procedure done to drain excess fluid in the sac around
the heart.
Percutaneous Transcatheter Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
 Percutaneous transcatheter treatment is one type of therapy for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). DVT is
a blood clot that forms in a large vein deep in the body. It happens most often in a leg. The procedure
uses a long thin tube to help remove the blood the clot.
Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stenting and atherectomy are minimally invasive procedures
that restore blood flow when arteries are clogged due to peripheral artery disease.
Pericardial Window

A pericardial window is a procedure in which a small part of the sac around the heart is surgically
removed to drain excess fluid.
Pericardiectomy

A pericardiectomy is a procedure done on the sac around the heart. A surgeon cuts away this sac or a
large part of this sac. This allows the heart to move freely.
Pericardiocentesis

Pericardiocentesis is a procedure to remove fluid that has built up in the sac around the heart. It is done
using a needle and small catheter to drain excess fluid.
Pulmonary Artery Catheterization

Pulmonary artery catheterization is when a long, thin tube called a catheter is inserted into a pulmonary
artery. It can help diagnose and manage a wide variety of health problems.
Radionuclide Angiogram, Resting and Exercise

A resting and exercise radionuclide angiogram (RNA) is a type of nuclear medicine procedure. This
means that a tiny amount of a radioactive substance, called a tracer, is used to help show the tissue
under study. In this case, the heart's chambers in motion are studied. This test can tell the doctor how
well the heart pumps with each heartbeat and how much blood is pumped with each heartbeat (called
the ejection fraction) both during exercise and at rest.
Resting Myocardial Perfusion Scan

Myocardial perfusion is an imaging test. It's also called a nuclear stress test. It is done to show how
well blood flows through the heart muscle. It also shows how well the heart muscle is pumping. For
example, after a heart attack, it may be done to find areas of damaged heart muscle. This test may be
done during rest and while you exercise.
Resting Radionuclide Angiogram

Resting RNA is a nuclear medicine procedure in which a tiny amount of radioactive tracer is injected
and recorded as it moves through the heart. This test helps doctors evaluate how well the heart pumps
and how much blood is pumped with each beat.
Right Heart Catheterization

Right heart catheterization allows a surgeon to use a small, thin hollow tube called a catheter to
examine your heart.
Right Heart Catheterization with Heart Tissue Biopsy
 In a right-heart catheterization with heart tissue biopsy, your doctor takes tissue samples directly from
your heart muscle.
Robotic Cardiac Surgery

Robotic cardiac surgery is a form of heart surgery done through very small incisions in the chest, tiny
instruments, and a robotic device operated by a surgeon.
Robotic-Assisted Aortic Valve Repair

Robotic-assisted aortic valve repair is a type of surgery. It uses robotic tools to fix a damaged aortic
valve.
Robotic-Assisted Patent Foramen Ovale Repair

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a small hole between the two upper chambers of the heart, the right
and the left atrium. A robotic-assisted patent foramen repair is a type of surgery to fix this hole in the
heart.
Septal Myectomy

Septal myectomy is a type of open-heart surgery for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (thick heart muscle).
It decreases symptoms of the condition.
Stress Myocardial Perfusion Scan

Myocardial perfusion is an imaging test. It's also called a nuclear stress test. It is done to show how
well blood flows through the heart muscle. It also shows how well the heart muscle is pumping. For
example, after a heart attack, it may be done to find areas of damaged heart muscle. This test may be
done during rest and while you exercise.
Surgery for Pulmonary Atresia with VSD

Pulmonary atresia is a condition in which the heart lacks a pulmonary valve. This surgery improves
blood flow through the heart and out to the lungs.
Surgery for Pulmonary Atresia Without VSD

Pulmonary atresia is a condition in which the heart lacks a pulmonary valve. This surgery improves
blood flow through the heart and out to the lungs.
Surgery for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a condition in which the vessels from the lungs
take an abnormal path back to the heart. TAPVR surgery is a type of open heart surgery that aims to fix
this problem.
Surgical Thrombectomy

Surgical thrombectomy is a type of surgery to remove a blood clot from inside an artery or vein.
Therapeutic Hypothermia After Cardiac Arrest

Therapeutic hypothermia is a type of treatment. Its sometimes used for people who have a cardiac
arrest. Cardiac arrest happens when the heart suddenly stops beating. Once the heart starts beating
 again, healthcare providers use cooling devices to lower your body temperature for a short time. Its
lowered to around 89F to 93F (32C to 34C). The treatment usually lasts about 24 hours.
Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is a procedure to treat an aneurysm in the upper part of
your aorta. The aorta is your bodys largest artery. An aneurysm is a weak, bulging area in the aorta
wall. If it bursts (ruptures), it can be deadly.
Tilt Table Testing

A tilt table test is a test done to evaluate symptoms of syncope (fainting) by creating changes in posture
and see how your heart and blood pressure respond.
Transesophageal Echocardiogram

A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) uses echocardiography to assess how well the heart works.
During the procedure, a transducer (like a microphone) is lowered into the esophagus. It sends out
ultrasonic sound waves at a frequency too high to be heard. When the transducer is placed at certain
locations and angles, the ultrasonic sound waves move through the skin and other body tissues to the
heart tissues, where the waves bounce or "echo" off of the heart structures.
Transradial Cardiac Catheterization

Transradial cardiac catheterization is a procedure used to treat and diagnose certain heart conditions. It
is also known as transradial cardiac cath.
Ultrafast CT Scan

An ultrafast CT scan is an imaging test that uses X-rays and a computer to look at your heart. The scan
takes pictures very quickly. It gives your healthcare provider many details about your heart that other
imaging tests cannot.
Valvuloplasty

Valvuloplasty is a procedure done to repair a stiff heart valve. It is done using a catheter and small
incisions.
Vascular Studies

Vascular studies use ultrasound (sound wave) technology to assess the flow of blood in arteries and
veins in the arms, legs, and neck.
Venogram
A venogram is a test that lets your healthcare provider see the veins in your body, especially in your
legs. A special dye is injected that can been seen on an X-ray. The dye lets your healthcare provider see
your veins and how healthy they are.
Ventricular Septal Defect Surgery

Ventricular septal defect (VSD) surgery is a type of heart surgery. It fixes an abnormal hole between
the left and right ventricles of the heart.
Ventricular Septal Defect Transcatheter Repair
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) transcatheter repair is a type of heart procedure. It fixes a hole between
the left and right ventricles of the heart, without making an incision in the chest wall.