Material Auxiliar 1 Bimestre PDF

UNIUBE UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA
FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL
Mecnica dos Solos II

Material auxiliar - 1 Bimestre
Prof.: Eduardo Rodrigues da Cunha
01/02/2015
Nome do aluno:
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Questionrio e Exerccios
Capitulo I - Distribuio das tenses no solo
1- O solo, ao receber carregamentos, ir se deformar, modificando o seu volume e

forma iniciais. Do que depender a magnitude destas deformaes?
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2- Qual a importncia o conhecimento das tenses atuantes em um macio de solo?
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3- Quais so os dois tipos de carregamentos que introduzem tenses em um macio de

solo?
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4- Sendo o solo um sistema particulado, constitudo de partculas de gros, gua e ar,

quais so as tenses atuantes neste sistema, provenientes de seu peso prprio? Qual a
simbologia de cada esforo?
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5- Identificado os esforos atuantes em uma camada de solo de acordo com a pergunta

anterior, explique o que cada esforo representa?
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6- O que o principio das tenses efetivas, desenvolvido por Terzaghi? Qual a formula
que representa este principio?
Formula:
7- O principio das tenses efetivas desenvolvido por Terzaghi, requer que o solo esteja
em determinado estado. Qual este estado?
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6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 2

Professor Eduardo Rodrigues da Cunha
8- Por que se diz que a presso exercida sobre a gua existente em um macio de solo
neutra?
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9- Por que se diz que a presso efetiva a que governa os aspectos essenciais de um
macio de solo, principalmente com referncia a sua resistncia?
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10- O que Tenso Geosttica?
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11- Quais so os dois planos principais de tenso?
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12- O que tenso geosttica em um macio de solo?
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13- Como se calcula a presso neutra?
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14- Qual a diferena entre z e zw?
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15- Como se calcula a tenso vertical efetiva final em um perfil de solo com varias
camadas estratificadas?

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16- Em que condio pode-se utilizar o peso especifico submerso sub no clculo da
tenso efetiva vertical v .
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17- Qual a importncia do clculo das Tenses Geostticas horizontais?
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18- Qual a formula para o clculo da Tenso Geosttica horizontal?
Formula:
19- O que significa o K0 na formula para o calculo da Tenso geosttica horizontal?
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20- Quais os valores de K0 para os diferentes tipos de solos?
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21- O que diz a lei de distribuio das tenses em um solo?
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22- Como se distribui a magnitude dos esforos nos macios de solo?
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23- Quais so as trs teorias para determinao do valor de acrscimo de tenses

provenientes do carregamento de um solo?
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24- O que diz a teoria da hiptese simples?
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25- Quais as teorias de distribuio das tenses segundo hiptese simples?
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26- Quais so os valores de 0, conforme o tipo de solo?
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27- Qual a principal restrio metodolgica existente nesta teoria?
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28- Em quais situaes aceita esta teoria simplificada de distribuio de tenses?
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29- Em que se basea a teoria da elasticidade para verificar a distribuio das cargas
sobre uma massa de solo?

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30- Para que a teoria da elasticidade possa funcionar em uma massa de solo, quais
condicionante so colocadas?
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31- Alm da soluo de Boussinesq para uma carga concentrada, qual a outra soluo
disponvel para carga concentrada? Qual o nome desta soluo? No que ela difere da
soluo de Boussinesq?
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32- Para carregamentos sobre um solo, denominadas de extenso da formula de

Boussinesq, quais so as principais formulaes?
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Capitulo II Hidrulica nos solos - Permeabilidade
1- Como a gua se encontra nos solos grossos?
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2- Como pode estar a gua nos solos grossos?
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3- Por que nos solos finos, a condio em que se encontra a gua no solo mais
complexa?
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4- O que acontece com as molculas de gua prximas as partculas de solo fino? Qual
o nome dado a estas molculas de gua?
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5- O que coeso verdadeira?
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6- Defina o que permeabilidade de um corpo.
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7- O que permeabilidade nos solos?
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8- Nas obras de engenharia, qual a razo de se preocupar com o fluxo de gua no

interior de um macio de solo?

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9- O que acontece, quando a gua, se move no interior de um macio de solo?
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10- Em quais reas da engenharia se aplica o estudo de permeabilidade de um solo?
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11- Quando h fluxo de gua no solo qual a natureza destas foras?
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12- Explique como o sentido de um fluxo de gua em um solo altera o valor de seu peso
especifico submerso.
Sentido ascendente:______________________________________________________
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13- Quais so as trs formas em que a gua contida em um solo pode se apresentar?
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14- Explique o que gua adsorvida.
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15- Explique o que gua livre ou gravitacional?
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16- Em quais conceitos se apia o estudo da permeabilidade dos solos?
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17- Baseando-se na lei de conservao de energia Lei de Bernoulli qual a formula

utilizada para o calculo da energia total em um ponto no solo? Como denominada
cada componente desta formula?
Formula:
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18- Qual a condio bsica para que ocorra fluxo de gua em um solo?
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19- havendo fluxo de gua em um solo, em qual sentido dever percolar a gua?
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20- Como se define Energia livre da gua em determinado ponto?
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21- Como se define gradiente hidrulico de um solo i? Qual a sua formula?
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Formula:
22- Como se define fora de percolao FP?
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23- Qual a formula da fora de percolao?
Formula:
24- Por que a Fora de Percolao pode ser extremamente perigosa em uma obra de
solo?
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25- Quais so os dois regimes de escoamento de fludos existentes?
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26- O que um regime de fluxo Laminar?
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27- O que um regime de fluxo Turbulento?
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28- Qual destes dois regimes de fluxo predomina nos solos?
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29- Quais as condies para que haja fluxo turbulento em um solo?
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30- O Eng. H. Darcy realizou em 1856, um experimento para se estudar as propriedades

de fluxo de gua atravs de uma camada de filtro de areia. Qual a formula para o calculo
da vazo, determinada a partir deste experimento?
Formula:
31- Na equao desenvolvida por H. Darcy, o que representa a letra k?
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32- O que proporciona um maior ou menor valor de k?
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33- Qual a dimenso de k e qual a sua unidade?
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34- A partir da equao anterior, como se consegue determinar a velocidade de

percolao da gua em um solo?
Formula:
35- Como denominada a velocidade da gua no solo, encontrada pela formula acima?
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36- Por que a velocidade de descarga no a velocidade real da gua no solo?
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37- Como se calcula a velocidade real da gua em um solo?
Formula:
38- O que representa o coeficiente de permeabilidade de um solo?

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39- O coeficiente de permeabilidade fixo para determinado tipo de solo?
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40- Monte na linha abaixo a escala de grandeza em que varia o coeficiente de

permeabilidades dos vrios tipos de solo.
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41- Porque os solos saturados apresentam uma maior permeabilidade que os solos no
saturados?
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42- Quais so os trs mtodos para se determinar a permeabilidade de um solo?
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43- Qual a limitao na determinao da permeabilidade dos solos, atravs das

correlaes empricas?
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44- Qual a restrio tcnica que se apresenta na determinao da permeabilidade de um

solo em laboratrio?
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45- Qual a restrio tcnica que se apresenta na determinao da permeabilidade de um

solo em campo?
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46- Qual a equao de Hazen (1911) para determinao da permeabilidade em um

solo granular?
Formula:
47- Quais so as duas restries no uso da equao de Hazen, na determinao da

permeabilidade de um solo?
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48- Na formula de Hazen acima, qual a frao do solo utilizada para o calculo do
coeficiente de permeabilidade?
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49- Qual a equao obtida atravs do ensaio de adensamento, para a determinao da

Formula:
50- Em laboratrio, para a determinao da permeabilidade de um solo, temos dois tipos

de permemetros. Quais so eles e quando se utiliza de um ou outro modelo?
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51- Qual a equao para determinao de permeabilidade de um solo, utilizando-se de
permemetro de carga constante?

Formula:
52- Qual a equao para a determinao da permeabilidade de um solo, utilizando-se do

permemetro de carga varivel?
Formula:
53- Os ensaios de campo, para a determinao da permeabilidade de um solo pode ser

feito de duas maneiras. Quais so elas?
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54- Qual equao para determinao da permeabilidade de um solo quando se utiliza

o teste de bombeamento?
Formula:
55- Qual a equao para determinao da permeabilidade de um solo quando se utiliza

o teste de infiltrao?
Formula:
56- O ensaio de permeabilidade em campo apresenta um resultado mais aproximado da

permeabilidade do solo em comparao com o resultado obtido em laboratrio. Por que
isto acontece?
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57- Quais so os fatores que interferem na permeabilidade de um solo?
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58- Nas propriedades do fludo, quais so as propriedades que interferem na

permeabilidade?
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59- Por que a temperatura de 20 C tomada por padro ao se determinar a

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60- Quais as caractersticas de um solo que interferem na permeabilidade?
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61- Nos solos permeveis, quais as faixas de variao do valor da permeabilidade, para
que ele seja considerado de alta, mdia e baixa permeabilidade?
Alta: __________________________________________________________________
Mdia: ________________________________________________________________
Baixa: ________________________________________________________________
62- Nos solos impermeveis, quais as faixas as variao do valor da permeabilidade,

para que ele seja considerado de muito baixa e baixssima permeabilidade?
Muito baixa: ____________________________________________________________
Baixssima: ____________________________________________________________
63- O que ruptura hidrulica de um solo?
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64- Quais os dois tipos de ruptura hidrulica de um solo?
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2 Tipo:________________________________________________________________
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65- Areia movedia uma situao de ruptura hidrulica de um solo. Quando ela
acontece?
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66- O que altura de carga crtica?
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67- Como se evita o aparecimento de areia movedia em obras que envolvem fluxo
de gua?
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68- O que piping?
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69- Quais as conseqncias de no se corrigir o fenmeno piping?
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70- Por que se deve controlar as foras de percolao?
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71- Quais so os dois procedimentos bsicos possveis de adoo, para controle da fora
de percolao?
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72- Em uma barragem, quais so os dispositivos para reduo da vazo de percolao?
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71- Em uma barragem, quais so os dispositivos de drenagem que podem ser adotados
para controle da fora de percolao?
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72- O que so filtros de proteo?
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73- Ao se construir um filtro de proteo, deve-se atentar a duas condies bsicas.

Quais so elas?
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74- Conhecendo-se a curva granulomtrica de um solo, Terzaghi estipulou os limites

granulomtricos do material do filtro, satisfazendo as exigncias acima. Quais so eles?

1: ____________________________________________________________________
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75- Como se define capilaridade?
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76- O nvel de capilaridade em um solo, depende basicamente de que?
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77- Observando-se a figura 2.12 da pgina 43, defina o que franja capilar?
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78- Observando-se a figura 2.12 da pgina 43, defina o que nvel de saturao?
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79- Observando-se a figura 2.12 da pgina 43, defina o que nvel capilar?
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80- Como se calcula a ascenso capilar?
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81- Como a capilaridade explica a retrao de um solo que est secando?
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82- Como a capilaridade pode atrapalhar a resistncia de uma base rodoviria?
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83- O que coeso aparente?
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Capitulo I Distribuio das Tenses nos Solos
Simbologia dos esforos segundo NBR 13441

Smbolos Significado Unidades
u Poro presso, presso neutra KPa
Tenso total normal KPa
' Tenso efetiva normal KPa
h Tenso horizontal KPa
'h Tenso efetiva horizontal KPa
z Distncia equivalente a profundidade m
k0 Coeficiente de empuxo no repouso -
Tenso cisalhante KPa
Tenses Geostticas
1- Dado o perfil geotcnico abaixo, calcule:
a- As tenses devidas ao peso prprio do solo (v e v) e as presses

neutras;
b- Adotando o valor de k0 igual a 0,5 para todas as camadas, determine as
tenses horizontais efetivas e totais;
c- Faa um diagrama da variao das tenses calculadas de acordo com a
profundidade, conforme solicitado nos itens a e b anteriores.
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Resp.: Tenso total em: B = 30; C = 47; D = 69,5 e E = 95,75

2- Dado o perfil geotcnico do problema anterior, recalcule as tenses totais e

efetivas verticais, considerando que o nvel do lenol fretico esteja na cota de - 4,5
m. Fazer o respectivo diagrama de variao das tenses.
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Resp.: Tenso total em: B = 30; C = 47; D = 69,5 e E = 95,75

3- Dado o perfil geotcnico abaixo, determine as tenses totais, neutra e efetiva em

cada nvel assinalado. Traar os respectivos diagramas.
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Res.: nat = 20,44; sat = 22,14; tenso total em B = 20,44; C = 64,72 e C = 109

4- Dado o perfil geotcnico abaixo, determine as tenses totais, neutra e efetivas

nos pontos A, B,C e D. Traar os respectivos diagramas.
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Res.: Do solo 1: nat = 18,59; sat = 20,18; do solo 2 sat = 18,75; Tenses totais: B =
55,77; C = 136,49; D = 248,93
5- Fale o que voc entende pelo principio das tenses efetivas.
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6- Dos trs tensores total, neutra e efetiva - qual utilizado para a previso do
comportamento do solo para a grande maioria dos casos em Geotcnia? Porque?
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7- Qual o valor da poro-presso (presso neutra) no solo seco? Por que?
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8- Por que k0 definido em termos de tenso efetiva?
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9- Determine a distribuio de tenso total horizontal no perfil abaixo, at 10m de

profundidade.
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Resp.: Tenso total horizontal em: A = 0; B = 8,75; C = 23,0; D = 96,4 e C = 135,6.

10- Dado o perfil geotcnico abaixo determine as tenses totais, neutra e efetiva a
2, 10, 12, 15 e 20 metros de profundidade. Determine tambm a tenso horizontal
efetiva e total a 12 metros de profundidade.
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Resp.: Tenses totais verticais em: A = 0; B = 35; C = 179,8; D = 211,8; E = 259,8 e

em F = 359,8. Tenses horizontais a 12 m de profundidade: h = 167,08 e h =
67,08
11- O perfil de um solo constitudo por duas camadas de areia; uma fofa com
sat = 17 kN/m possui 3 m de espessura, e outra de areia compacta com sat = 19
kN/m com 4 m de espessura. Estando o nvel do lenol fretico a 1m da superfcie,
calcule as tenses verticais, neutras e efetivas nos pontos A, B, C e D. Considerar a
camada de areia fina acima do lenol fretico saturada por capilaridade.
A
-1 B N. A.
-2 Areia fina, fofa sat = 17 kN/m
-3 -----------------------------------------C -----------------------
-4
-5 Areia grossa compacta sat = 19 kN/m
-6
-7 ----------------------------------------D ------------------------
-8 _ Rocha impermevel
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Resp.: Tenses no ponto D: v = 127, u = 60 e v = 67 kPa

12- Dado o perfil do problema anterior, considerar o solo recoberto por uma
lamina de gua com 2 m de espessura, em funo da construo de um lago.
Recalcule as tenses em A, C e D.
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Resp.: Tenses no ponto D: v = 147; u = 90 e v = 57 kPa
13- Utilizando-se dos perfis do solo da questo 11 e 12, calcule a tenso efetiva em
D, utilizando-se o peso especifico submerso dos solos das camadas 1 e 2.
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Resp.: Resp.: o perfil A : v = 67 kPa ; do perfil B : v = 57 kPa

14- Determinar as tenses no solo devido ao seu peso prprio, dadas as condies
apresentadas na figura abaixo.
A NA = NT
0
AREIA FINA
s = 27 KN / m3; n = 0,4 B
-2
ARGILA SILTOSA
S = 26 KN / m 3 ; n = 0,5 C
-5
AREIA MDIA A FINA

S = 27 KN / m 3 ; n = 0,45
D
-8
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Resp. Tenses no ponto D: v = 152,38; u = 80 e v = 72,38 kPa

15- Calcular as tenses geostticas neutra, efetiva e total ao longo do perfil do solo
apresentado a seguir, considerando as duas posies do nvel de gua apresentado na
figura. O que ocorre com as tenses verticais efetivas devido ao rebaixamento do nvel
de gua da posio 1 para a posio 2?
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16- Uma lagoa tem uma lmina de gua de 4,0 m acima de um fundo de argila. A
camada de argila tem uma espessura de 3,0 m e apia-se sobre uma areia mdia de 4,0
m, a qual, por sua vez, sobrejacente rocha impermevel. Considere as seguintes
etapas:
(a) inicialmente, antes do depsito de qualquer sedimento;

(b) aps um depsito de 2,0 m de areia fina siltosa;
(c) aps a drenagem da lagoa at sua base, mantendo-se a espessura de 2m do
sedimento lanado.
Considere tambm, as afirmativas a seguir.
I - Na etapa (a), no fundo da camada de areia, a tenso efetiva 65,4 kN/m.

II - Na etapa (b), no topo da camada de argila, a tenso efetiva 12,4 kN/m.
III - Na etapa (b), no fundo da camada de areia, a tenso efetiva 77,8 kN/m.
IV- Na etapa (c), no topo da camada de areia, a tenso efetiva 66,6 kN/m.
Desta forma, (so) correta(s) APENAS a(s) afirmativa(s)
(A) IV
(B) II e III
(C) III e IV
(D) I, II e III
(E) I, II e IV

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17- Na investigao de um vale aluvial, as sondagens indicaram o perfil tpico do

terreno, conforme esquema abaixo, com NA a 4,0m e o substrato rochoso a 18,0m
de profundidade.
A ) Traar os diagramas de presses verticais totais, efetivas e neutras ao longo do

perfil do terreno.
B) Calcular a presso vertical efetiva na base do perfil abaixo, admitindo um

rebaixamento de 4,0m do lenol fretico. Neste caso, admitir as camadas de solo
situados acima do NA com um grau de saturao de 80%.


18- Determinar as tenses no solo devido ao seu peso prprio dadas as condies
apresentadas na figura abaixo. Calcular a variao na tenso efetiva, para a
profundidade de 7m, caso o nvel de gua suba at a superfcie. Traar os diagramas das
tenses verticais, efetivas e neutras nas duas situaes.

Resp.: solo 1 nat = 16,15 K/m; sat = 18,58 KN/m; solo 2 sat = 19,06 Kn/m.

19- Traar os diagramas de presses totais, presses efetivas e neutras para o terreno
indicado na figura abaixo:

Acrscimos de tenses
1- Uma sapata de fundao retangular com dimenses de 2 x 3 m transmite uma
carga na superfcie do terreno de 200 KN/m. Calcular a tenso efetiva vertical
total a 4 m de profundidade, considerando-se o ngulo de espraiamento de 45 e
= 17,5 KN/m. O lenol fretico encontra-se a 7 m de profundidade.
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Resp.: vt = 80,91 KPa.

2- Traar o diagrama de acrscimos de tenses no plano situado a 2m de

profundidade, at a distncia horizontal de 5m (fazer a cada metro), quando se
aplica na superfcie do terreno uma carga concentrada de 1.300 KN.
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Resp.: No eixo: = 15 KPa

3- Uma carga concentrada de 10.000 KN atua na superfcie de um terreno.

Utilizando-se da soluo de Boussinesq, determinar o acrscimo de tenses em um
ponto do terreno, distanciado horizontalmente de 3m do ponto de aplicao da
carga e a 4m de profundidade. Sabendo-se que a densidade do solo 18,5
KN/m, determine a tenso efetiva vertical total no ponto considerado.
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Resp.: vt = 174 KPa

4- Considere uma fundao circular com dimetro de 8 m, uniformemente

carregada com uma carga de 200 KPa sobre a superfcie de um terreno, cujo peso
especifico de 17,5 KN/m. Pede-se calcular a tenso efetiva vertical total que atua
no ponto a 5m de profundidade sob o centro da fundao.
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Resp.:

5- Calcular os acrscimos de tenses efetivas verticais at 10m de profundidade

transmitido ao terreno por um tanque circular; em pontos no seu eixo e na sua
borda, de 2 em 2 metros, sabendo-se que o tanque possui um dimetro de 10m e
que a presso transmitida ao nvel do terreno igual a 900 Kpa.
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Resp.:

7- Um galpo comercial destinado a depsito de mercadoria apresenta um formato

retangular com 10m de largura por 28m de comprimento, e deve aplicar ao
terreno uma presso uniformemente distribuda de 900 KPa. Determinar os
acrscimos de tenso, segundo a vertical, pelos pontos A, B, C, D e E.
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Resp.;

8- Calcular os acrscimos de tenses nos pontos A, E e F, em uma profundidade de

3m, provocados pela construo de uma planta industrial, cujo formato
apresentado abaixo, sabendo-se que esta construo ir provocar uma sobrecarga
de 200 KN/m (200 KPa) no terreno.
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9- Uma sapata corrida de 2,0m de largura transmite uma carga de 250kN/m

superfcie de um depsito de areia com NA superfcie do terreno. O peso especfico
saturado da areia 20kN/m e o coeficiente de empuxo lateral (ko) igual a 0,40.
Determinar as presses efetivas, verticais e horizontais, em um ponto situado a 3m
abaixo do centro da sapata, antes e aps o acrscimo de carga fundao.
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10- Um aterro de 3,0m de altura ser construdo com a seo indicada na figura abaixo.
Sendo o peso especfico do solo compactado igual a 18,8 kN/m, pede-se determinar as
tenses verticais induzidas nos pontos A e B devido s cargas do aterro.
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Capitulo II Hidrulica nos Solos
Simbologia dos esforos segundo NBR 13441

Smbolos Significado Unidades
K Coeficiente de permeabilidade m/s; cm/s
Q Vazo m/s; cm/s
Vol Volume m; cm
V Velocidade de descarga cm/s
i Gradiente hidrulico -
ic Gradiente hidrulico crtico -
j Fora de percolao KN/m
Problemas bsicos para fixao dos conceitos de L; A e i.

1- Mantendo-se constante o nvel de gua em Na1, determine a vazo de gua
atravs do tubo ilustrado na figura abaixo, sabendo-se que o tubo possui uma rea
transversal de 100 cm e que o solo possui um coeficiente de permeabilidade igual a
4 . 10-5 cm/s.
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2- Pretende-se construir uma barragem conforme demonstrado no desenho a

seguir. Pede-se estimar a vazo de gua que dever percolar pela camada de areia
em um perodo de 24 horas, sabendo-se que esta areia apresenta um coeficiente de
permeabilidade de 5 .10-2 cm/s e que o comprimento da seo da barragem de 80
metros. Considerar o solo do corpo da barragem impermevel. Pergunta-se ainda
se a construo desta barragem vivel diante do ponto de vista da perca de gua.
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3- Mantendo-se constante o nvel de gua Na1, determinar o volume de gua que

passa pelo sistema esquematizado na figura abaixo, durante um tempo de 15
minutos, sabendo que o coeficiente de permeabilidade do solo 2.10-3 cm/s, e que
as dimenses do corpo de prova so 25 x 25 cm.
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4- No permeametro abaixo, mantendo-se constante o nvel de gua Na1, determine

o coeficiente de permeabilidade do solo contido no corpo de prova, sabendo-se que
a rea do corpo de prova de 530 cm e que o volume medido em 18 segundos de
100 cm.
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5- Em um ensaio para determinao do coeficiente de permeabilidade de um solo

argiloso, utilizou-se o permeametro de carga varivel. Quando a carga h era 65
cm, acionou-se o cronometro. Trinta segundos aps, a carga h era 35 cm.
Sabendo-se que o comprimento do corpo de prova de 20 cm, sua rea de 77 cm e
que a rea da bureta de 1,2 cm, determine o coeficiente de permeabilidade deste
solo.
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6- Utilizando-se das informaes do exercicio anterior, determine em quanto

tempo a carga hidrulica teria cado de 65 cm para 50 cm.
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7- Questo n 17 do Enade de 2008
Aps a construo de uma barragem, detectou-se a presena de uma camada

permevel de espessura uniforme igual a 20 m e que se estende ao longo de toda a
barragem, cuja seo transversal est ilustrada abaixo. Essa camada provoca por
infiltrao, perca de volume de gua armazenada.
Sabe-se que, sob condies de fluxo laminar, a velocidade de fluxo aparente da

gua atravs de um meio poroso pode ser calculada pela lei de Darcy, que
estabelece que esta velocidade igual ao produto do coeficiente de permeabilidade
do meio pelo gradiente hidrulico perda de carga hidrulica por unidade de
comprimento percorrido pelo fludo, ou seja / . A vazo de gua atravs do
meio o produto da velocidade de fluxo pela rea da seo atravessada pela gua
normal direo do fluxo.
Suponha que o coeficiente de permeabilidade da camada permevel seja igual a 10-

4
m/s, que ocorram percas de carga hidrulica somente no trecho percorrido pela
gua dentro desta camada e que a barragem e as demais camadas presentes sejam
impermeveis. Sob estas condies, a vazo (Q) por unidade de comprimento ao
longo da extenso da barragem, que perdida por infiltrao atravs da camada
permevel satisfaz seguinte condio.
(A) Q < 10-5 m/s/m

(B) 10-5 m/s/m < Q 10-4 m/s/m
(C) 10-4 m/s/m < Q 10-3 m/s/m
(D) 10-3 m/s/m < Q 10-2 m/s/m
(E) Q > 10 m-2 m/s/m

Soluo:
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Resposta: Alternativa C.

8-) Na figura abaixo apresenta-se a montagem de um permeamentro com duas

areias, a areia A disposta na posio horizontal possui: A = 100 cm e K = 4 x 10-
3
cm/seg. A areia B disposta na posio vertical possui: A = 400 cm e K = 2 x 10-3
cm/seg. Determinar a vazo do conjunto e a perca de carga em cada solo.
Obs.: Solo em srie Resolver as questes 8, 9 e 10 utilizando a proporcionalidade
entre os coeficientes de permeabilidade.
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9- A figura mostra camadas de solo colocadas em um tubo com uma seo

transversal quadrada com 100 mm de lado. Para se manter a diferena de carga
constante de 300 mm, necessrio adicionar gua no tubo da esquerda. Os
coeficientes de permeabilidade na direo do escoamento esto definidos na tabela
a seguir.
O suprimento de gua necessrio, em cm/h, aproximadamente :
(A) 288
(B) 292
(C) 296
(D) 290
(E) 294
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Determinar ainda a perca de carga proporcionada por cada solo, desenhando

abaixo o permeametro deste problema, mostrando a linha de perca de carga do
sistema.

10-) Dado permeametro abaixo, necessita-se introduzir o solo C para reduzir o

gradiente hidrulica de sada no solo A para a metade do valor encontrado na
situao inicial. Qual deve ser o coeficiente de permeabilidade do solo C para
que se atinja o objetivo procurado?
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_Resp.: K = 1,40 .10-2 cm/s

Comparativo de volume percolado para solos em srie e em paralelo
11-) As areias A e B com formas e dimenses definidas, foram ensaiadas em

um permeametro de seo quadrada de lado igual a 20 cm, em duas posies
distintas:
1 - Solo em srie:
2 - Solo em paralelo:
Dados os coeficientes de permeabilidade Ka = 4 . 10-4 m/s e Kb = 10-4 m/s,
determinar qual das duas montagens apresenta maior vazo.
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Resp.: Sistema A: Q = 4,8 cm/s ; Sistema B: Q = 7,5 cm/s

Coeficiente de permeabilidade equivalente - Keq
12-) A figura mostra camadas de solo colocadas em um tubo com uma seo
transversal quadrada com 100 mm de lado. Para se manter a diferena de carga
constante de 300 mm, necessrio adicionar gua no tubo da esquerda. Os
coeficientes de permeabilidade na direo do escoamento esto definidos na tabela
a seguir.
Qual deve ser o volume fornecido em uma hora para se manter a diferena de
carga constante de 300 mm. Determinar ainda aperca de carga proporcionada por
cada corpo de prova.
Obs.: Solo em srie Resolver as questes 12 e 13 utilizando a formula do
coeficiente de permeabilidade equivalente Keq.
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Resp.: Keq = 1,2.10-3cm/s ; Q = 0,08 cm/s.
Desenhar abaixo o sistema deste exerccio com as respectivas percas de carga.

13-) Dado um perfil de solo, calcular o Keq considerando:
1- O fluxo de gua paralelo ao mesmo:
2 O fluxo de gua perpendicular ao mesmo:
Solo Altura da camada h (m) K (cm/s)

A 2 10-4
B 3 3,2x10-2
C 4 4,1 x 10-5
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Resp.: Keqp = 1,07 x 10-2 cm/s ; Keqv = 7,65 x 10-5 cm/s

Variaes das tenses efetivas em funo do fluxo de gua
14-) Dado o permeametro da figura abaixo, determine as tenses efetivas nos

pontos A, B e C, sabendo-se que a densidade da areia saturada 19 KN/m.Calcule
as tenses no sistema passo a passo; ou seja, tenses verticais, presso neutra e
tenses efetiva. Verifique o resultado da tenso efetiva, utilizando a frmula
reduzida
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_Resp.: A= B= C=

15-) Dado o permemetro abaixo, calcule a altura h necessria para que o

fenmeno de areia movedia ocorra no solo da figura abaixo, dado: sat = 18
KN/m.
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Resp.:

Exerccios com rede de Fluxo

16-) Na seo abaixo determinar:
a) a vazo diria por metro de barragem que percola atravs do terreno de
fundao, sabendo-se que o solo anisotrpico e o coeficiente de
permeabilidade 3,5x10-4 cm/seg.
b) A presso piezomtrica da gua nos pontos A e B.
c) A presso neutra por metro da barragem, sabendo-se que sua base tem
20 metros.
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17-) Determinar a subpresso total que a barragem abaixo apresenta, quando a

gua acumulada no reservatrio atinge a cota 15,4 m acima da cota de jusante,
considerando que a base da barragem tem 56 m de comprimento.
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18- Dada a barragem vertedouro apresentada na figura a seguir, cujo solo

anisotrpico, determinar:
a) A perda de gua por percolao diria (por metro linear de barragem)
b) O valor da presso piezomtrica da gua nos pontos A, B, C, e D.
c) O valor da subpresso nos pontos B, D e E.
d) O valor do gradiente hidrulico no ponto F, sabendo que o comprimento
do elemento igual a 2,2
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19-) Dada a seo abaixo, em solo isotrpico, calcular:
A-) A quantidade de gua que percola por ms, atravs do macio

permevel.
B-) A presso neutra no ponto A.
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20-) A figura abaixo mostra uma rede de fluxo, soluo grfica do problema de
fluxo permanente 2D, ao redor de uma cortina impermevel em uma camada de
solo isotrpico e homogneo.
A-) Qual o valor da carga hidrulica total - htotal no ponto A situado na
profundidade 1,40 m abaixo do NR?
B-) Qual o valor da presso neutra no ponto A
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A-) 4,00 m. C-) 1,40 m E-) 5,76
B-) 0,36 m. D-) 3,76 m

21-) Determinar a vazo diaria que percola pelo solo abaixo do dique e a
subpresso atuante na base do dique conforme apresentado abaixo.
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Confira seus resultados com o grfico abaixo.


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UNIUBE UNIVERSIDADE DE UBERABA

FACULDADE DE ENGENHARIA CIVIL

Mecnica dos Solos II

Capitulo I - Distribuio das tenses no solo

1- O solo, ao receber carregamentos, ir se deformar, modificando o seu volume e

2- Qual a importncia o conhecimento das tenses atuantes em um macio de solo?

3- Quais so os dois tipos de carregamentos que introduzem tenses em um macio de

4- Sendo o solo um sistema particulado, constitudo de partculas de gros, gua e ar,

5- Identificado os esforos atuantes em uma camada de solo de acordo com a pergunta

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 2

10- O que Tenso Geosttica?

11- Quais so os dois planos principais de tenso?

12- O que tenso geosttica em um macio de solo?

13- Como se calcula a presso neutra?

14- Qual a diferena entre z e zw?

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 3

17- Qual a importncia do clculo das Tenses Geostticas horizontais?

18- Qual a formula para o clculo da Tenso Geosttica horizontal?

19- O que significa o K0 na formula para o calculo da Tenso geosttica horizontal?

20- Quais os valores de K0 para os diferentes tipos de solos?

21- O que diz a lei de distribuio das tenses em um solo?

22- Como se distribui a magnitude dos esforos nos macios de solo?

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 4

23- Quais so as trs teorias para determinao do valor de acrscimo de tenses

24- O que diz a teoria da hiptese simples?

25- Quais as teorias de distribuio das tenses segundo hiptese simples?

26- Quais so os valores de 0, conforme o tipo de solo?

27- Qual a principal restrio metodolgica existente nesta teoria?

28- Em quais situaes aceita esta teoria simplificada de distribuio de tenses?

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 5

32- Para carregamentos sobre um solo, denominadas de extenso da formula de

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 6

Capitulo II Hidrulica nos solos - Permeabilidade

1- Como a gua se encontra nos solos grossos?

5- O que coeso verdadeira?

6- Defina o que permeabilidade de um corpo.

7- O que permeabilidade nos solos?

8- Nas obras de engenharia, qual a razo de se preocupar com o fluxo de gua no

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 7

9- O que acontece, quando a gua, se move no interior de um macio de solo?

10- Em quais reas da engenharia se aplica o estudo de permeabilidade de um solo?

11- Quando h fluxo de gua no solo qual a natureza destas foras?

14- Explique o que gua adsorvida.

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 8

15- Explique o que gua livre ou gravitacional?

16- Em quais conceitos se apia o estudo da permeabilidade dos solos?

17- Baseando-se na lei de conservao de energia Lei de Bernoulli qual a formula

20- Como se define Energia livre da gua em determinado ponto?

21- Como se define gradiente hidrulico de um solo i? Qual a sua formula?

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 9

22- Como se define fora de percolao FP?

23- Qual a formula da fora de percolao?

25- Quais so os dois regimes de escoamento de fludos existentes?

26- O que um regime de fluxo Laminar?

27- O que um regime de fluxo Turbulento?

28- Qual destes dois regimes de fluxo predomina nos solos?

29- Quais as condies para que haja fluxo turbulento em um solo?

6 Perodo de Engenharia Civil Pgina 10

30- O Eng. H. Darcy realizou em 1856, um experimento para se estudar as propriedades

31- Na equao desenvolvida por H. Darcy, o que representa a letra k?

32- O que proporciona um maior ou menor valor de k?