Sound Tableofconsonantplaces

classes Bilabial pbmnw

Labiodental fv
Interdental th
Alveolar tdsz
Alveopalatal zhtdzh
Palatal j
Velar kgngw
Glottal h?

Mannersarethemselvesdividedupintotwomajorclasses:
Obstruentsandsonorants.Theobstruentsarethestops,thefricatives,
andtheaffricates.Thesonorantsarethevowels,liquids,glides,and
nasals.Attention:Thefollowingtableonlyshowsconsonantssoitdoes
notincludeALLthesonorants.

Tableofconsonantmanners
Obstruents Stops pbtdkg?
Fricatives fvthszzh
Affricates tdzh
Sonorants Nasals mnng
Liquids rl
Glides jw

Voicing:AllEnglishsonorantsarevoiced,exceptthat[w]maybe
voiceless.Obstruentscomeinvoiced/voicelesspairsexceptfor[h]and
[?].
TableofObstruentVoicing
Voiceless p t k f th t h ?
Voiced b d g v zh dzh

Phonological Ourchapterintroducesalargenumberoffeaturesandclassifiesall
features thesoundsofEnglishaccordingtothesefeatures(Tables3.25,3.26,
pp.82,83)

HerearethefeaturesIwantyoutoknow:
AllsonorantsarevoicedinEnglishexceptthatin
somedialectsthereisavoiceless[w](transcribedas
Voice anupsidedown[w]).Allobstruentscomein
voiced/voicelesspairsexceptfor[h]and[?]which
are
Allvowels,glides,liquids,andnasalsare
Sonorant
+Sonorant.AllobstruentsareSonorant.
AllvowelsareConsonantal.Howevercontraryto
yourintuitions,glidesandglottalsarealso
Consonantal
Consonantal.Therestoftheconsonantsare
+Consonantal.
Syllabic Theintuitionof+Syllabicisthatthesoundcan
 occurassyllablenucleus.Vowelsarealways
+Syllabic.LiquidsandnasalCANbeeither+or
Syllabic.Whentheyaresyllablenuclei(huddle,
button)theyare+Syllabic.
Theprimaryfunctionofthisfeatureisto
distinguishfricatives,+Continuant,fromother
Continuant obstruents(stopsandaffricates),Continuant.All
sonorantsexceptfornasalsareContinuant(and
don'tworryaboutnasals).

Attention:Thefeature+/consonantaldoesnotQUITEmeanwhat
youthink.

Classifyingobstruents(inthefollowing,
toavoidclutter,weignoreaffricates).
[sonorant]
[voice] [+voice]

[continuant]
ptk bdg

[+continuant]
fs vzzh

Somenaturalclasses

sonorant sonorant sonorant
continuant continuant
voice

ptk ptk ptk
bdg? bdg?
fs
vzzh

Obstruents Stops Voiceless
Stops

Anotherexample:

sonorant sonorant sonorant
+continuant +continuant
voice

ptk fs fs
bdg? vzzh
fs
vzzh

Obstruents Fricatives Voiceless
Fricatives