Contents

1 Motivation

2 Shaft design alternatives

Alternative 1 Structure and supports

Sinking methods
Alternative 2
Water control
Alternative 3 Mucking methods

3 Conclusion and further study

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It is unfortunate that there are few, if any, standard designs for shafts.
Only some suggestions were proposed in some books and codes.

Specification for Tunneling, Thomas Telford, London, published in 2000

Two pages of general Clauses are used for shaft.
Hard Rock Miner's Handbook published in 2003
Some guidelines are listed in some sections specified for mining shafts.
Deep Excavation: A Practical Manual published in 2003
There is one section to discuss shafts for civil engineering purposes.
Engineering and Design Tunnels and Shafts in Rock published in 1997
Compiled by department of the army U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
there are technical criteria and guidance for the planning, design and construction of shafts in
rock for civil work projects.

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Water control

1. Dewatering and pressure relief

Sumps and ditches

Wellpoint systems
Deep-well systems
Vertical sand drains
Electro-osmosis

2. Cutoffs
Concrete walls/Diaphragm walls
Cement and chemical grout curtains
Slurry walls
Steel sheet piling
Freezing
Pre-Excavation Grouting

15
Slide 21

m14 I doubt!
minglu, 9/4/2013
Slide 22

m15 I doubt!
minglu, 9/4/2013
Slide 28

m16 I doubt!
minglu, 9/4/2013
Comparison

Required Transport
Mucking
Alternatives Water control volume of ation
Mucking Theoretical
excavation integrity
method capacity* (m3/day)
Vertical shaft with spiral Single spiral road 14,400~24,000 Whole shaft
1 High
roads Double spiral road No limit section

Upper shaft with spiral Single spiral road 14,400~24,000 Upper shaft +
2 Medium
roads + lower spiral tunnel Double spiral road No limit Lower tunnel
single car-lift 4,800~7,200
Whole shaft
3 Small shaft double car-lift 9,600-14,400 Low
section
Conveyor belt 24,000

Different alternatives have different advantages and disadvantages. It is hard to

tell which one is better than another one without considering project
requirements and local conditions.

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Conclusion and further study

Three alternatives type 1, 2 and 3 are proposed and the corresponding

sinking method and muck transport means are given.

The study is on-going:

A case application for Underground Warehousing and Logistics
Facility at Tanjong Kling & Jurong Hill.
Estimate of construction cost and time.

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