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Probable Questions for AISSCE (Class-XII),
2015-16
2 /3 MARK QUESTIONS :
17. Calculate the freezing point depression expected for 0.0711m aq.
solution of Na2SO4. If this solution actually freezes at 0.320 degree
Celsius, what would be the value of vant Hoff factor? Kf for water = 1.86
K kg mol-1
18. 100mg of a protein is dissolved in just enough water to make 10mL
of solution. If this solution has osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25
degree Celsius ,what is the molar mass of solute?( R = 0.0821 L atm
mol-1 K-1, 1atm = 760 mm Hg)
19. A solution of urea in water has a boiling point of 373.128K.
Calculate the freezing point of the same solution. Given Kf for water =
1.86 K kg mol-1 & Kb = 0.52 K kg mol-1.
20. Calculate the amount of sodium chloride which must be added to
one kilogram of water so that the freezing point of water is depressed
-1
by 3K. (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol , Na = 23 & Cl = 35.5)
21. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol
C2H4(OH)2 and 200g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If
the density of the solution be 1.072 g mL-1, what will be the molariry of
the solution?
22. A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 g of a gene fragment in 35.0
mL of water has an osmotic pressure of 0.335torr at 25 degree
Celsius. Assuming gene fragment is non electrolyte determine its molar
mass.
23. 15.0 g of an unknown molecular mass material is dissolved in 450 g
of water. The resulting solution freezes at -0.34degree Celsius. What is
the molecular mass of the material? Given Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1.
24. a) Non-ideal solutions exhibit either positive or negative deviations
from Raoults Law.What are these deviations and how are they
caused?
b) What mass of NaCl(molar mass 58.5 gmol-1) must be dissolved
in 65 g of water to lower the freezing point by 7.5 degree Celsius ? Kf
for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1. Assume vant Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87.
25. a) The molecular mass of polymers is determined by osmotic
pressure method and not by any other colligative property method.
Give two reasons
b) At 300K, 36 g of glucose (C6H12O6) present per litre in its solution
has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the osmotic pressure of another
glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the
concentration of the other solution.
CHAPTER -3 ELECTROCHEMISTRY
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1 MARK QUESTIONS
Q2.Identify the order of reaction from the following unit for its rate
constant: L mol1s1
Q3.Define:
(i) Elementary reaction in a process
(ii) Rate of a reaction.
Q4.Distinguish between rate expression and rate constant of a
reaction
Q5.. Define the following terms:
(i) Pseudo first order reaction
(ii) Half life period of reaction (t1/2)
Q1. (a) A reaction is of first order in A and of second order in B. Write the
differential rate equation for this reaction. How will its initial rate be
affected if the concentration of both A and B are togetherdoubled?
(b) The rate constant k of a reaction increases four fold when the
temperature changes from 300 K to 320 K. Calculate the activation
energy for the reaction. (R = 8.314 J mol -1 K -1)
Q2.(a) List the factor which affect the rate of a chemical reaction.
(b) The half-life for radioactive 14 C is 5730 years. The wooden part
of an archaeological artefact has only 80% of the 14 C activity found in
fresh wood. Calculate the age of the artifact
Q3.Decomposition of phosphine (PH3) at 120C proceeds according to
the equation:
4PH3(g) P4(g) + 6H2(g
It is found that this reaction follows the following rate equation:
Rate = k[PH3]
The half-life of PH3 is 37.9 s at 120C.
(i) How much time will be required for 3/4 of PH3 to decompose?
(ii) What fraction of the original amount of PH3 will remain
undecomposed after 1 minute.
Q4. Hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 (aq) decomposes to H2O(l) and O2(g) in
a reaction that is of first order in
H2O2 and has a rate constant, k = 1.06 103 min1.
(i) How long will it take 15% of a sample of H2O2 to decompose?
(ii) How long will it take 85% of a sample of H2O2 to decompose?
Q5(a) Explain the following terms:
Q1. The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s-1. How much time
will it take to reduce the
initial concentration of the reactant to 1/16 th of its initial value?
constant volume:
Log[R]
t(S) X
A +2B 2C+D
(iii) Write the expression for the rate of reaction in terms of A and
C.
Q11. The rate for a zero order reaction in A is 0.0030 mol L-1 s-1. How
long will it take for the initial concentration of A to fall from 0.10M to
0.075M?
Q12. A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% completion. Calculate its
half life.
Q13. Derive the expression for half life of a first order reaction.
Q14. The reaction: 4PH3(g) P4 (g) + 6H2(g) was found to follow the
rate law as: Rate = k[PH3] with a half life of 37.9s. at 120 degree
Celsius. Calculate i) Time required for 3/4th of PH3 to decompose. ii)
Fraction of the original sample of PH3 left out after 1 min.
Q1 5. A first order reaction is 15% complete in 20min. How long will it
take to be 60% completed?
Q1 6. The rate of a reaction becomes double when temperature
increases from 298K to 308K. Calculate Ea
Q17. The rate of a reaction becomes four times when temperature
increases from 300K to 320K. Calculate Ea
Q18. What is the effect of temperature on the rate constant of a
reaction? How can this effect be expressed quantitatively?
Q19. The rate constants for a reaction at two different temperatures are
found to be as follows:
k1 = 2.15 X 10-8 L mol-1 s-1 at 650K, k2 = 2.39 X 10-7 L mol-1 s-1 at
700K Calculate Ea for this reaction.
CHAPTER -5 SURFACE CHEMISTRY
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
1 Why is adsorption always exothermic?
2 Why does the sky appear blue?
3 Which has higher enthalpy of adsorption---physisorption or
chemisorption?
4 Give an example of shape selective catalysis.
5 Define
i)Electrophoresis
ii)Peptisation
iii)aerosol
iv)Tyndall effect
v)associated colloids
vi) shape selective catalysis
6 Write any three differences between physisorption and
chemisorption
How does physisorption and chemisorption vary with
temperature?
7 What are the characteristics of the following colloids?Give an
example of each.
i)multimolecular colloids
ii) lyophobic sols
iii)macromolecular colloids
8 What are emulsions?Name the two different types of emulsions.
Give an example of each type.
9 What are lyophilic and lyophobic sols ?Give one example of each
type.Which of these sols can be
easily coagulated on the addition of small amount of electrolytes?
10 Explain what is observed
(i) When a beam of light is passed through a colloidal sol.
(ii) An electrolyte, NaCl is added to hydrated ferric oxide sol.
(iii) Electric current is passed through a colloidal sol?
1 Name the method used for the refining of each of the following
metals---
i)Zirconium ii) copper metal iii)Nickel metal
2 Out of C and CO,which is a better reducing agent in the lower
temperature range in the blast furnace to extract iron from iron
oxide?
3 Name the method of refining to obtain silicon of high purity.
4 Copper matte is charged into a silica lined converter in the
extraction of copper.What is the role of silica lining here?
5 Which solution is used for the leaching of silver metal in the
presence of air in the metallurgy of silver?
6 Describe the principle controlling each of the following processes
i)zone refining of metals
ii)electrolytic refining of metals.
iii)vapour phase refining of metals.
7 Describe the principle of each of the following processes
i)preparation of cast iron from pig iron
ii) preparation of pure alumina from bauxite ore
8 Name one chief ore each of copper and aluminium.Name the
method used for the concentration of these two ores.
9 Name the principal ore of aluminium.Explain the significance of
leaching in the extraction of aluminium.
10 Differentiate between---i)calcination and roasting ii)mineral and ore
2 Which one of PCl4+ and PCl 4- is not likely to exist and why?
3 How is ammonia manufactured industrially?Draw flow chart for the manufacture of
ammonia.Give any two uses of it.
4 Draw the structures of(HPO3)3 ,white and red phosphorus
GROUP 16 ELEMENTS
OTHER QUESTIONS
2 Give reasons for the following----
----sulphur has greater tendency for catenation than oxygen in the same group
----the electron gain enthalpy with negative sign for oxygen(-141kJ/mol)is
numerically less than that for sulphur(-200 kJ/mol)
----sulphur in vapour state exhibits paramagnetism
----OF6 compound is not known
----H2S is less acidic than H2Te
----oxygen is a gas but sulphur is a solid
----all the bonds in SF4 are not equivalent
3 Draw the structures ofH2SO5 ,S8 ,SO32-, SF4 , O3 , H2S2O 7 , H2S2O8 , H2SO4 , H2SO3 ,
Q. 1. What is the equivalent wt. of KMnO4 in : (a) Acidic Medium (b) Neutral Medium (c) In
alkaline Medium
Q. 2. K2PtCl6 is well known compound and corresponding Ni4+ Salt is unknown ? Whereas
Ni+2 is more stable than Pt+2
Q. 7. In the titration of Fe2+ ions with KMnO4 in acidic medium, why dil. H2SO4 is used
and not dil. HCl.
Q. 9. (a) Although Cu+ has configuration 3 d10 4 s0 (stable) and Cu2+ has configuration 3 d9
(unstable configuration) still Cu2+ compounds are more stable than Cu+ .
(b) Titanium (IV) is more stable than Ti (III) or Ti (II).
Q. 10. The actinoids exhibit more number of oxidation states Why ? Give their common
oxidation states.
Q. 12. A well known orange crystalline compound (A) when burnt impart violet colour to
flame. (A) on treating (B) and conc. H2SO4 gives red gas (C) which gives red yellow solution
(D) with alkaline water. (D) on treating with acetic acid and lead acetate gives yellow p. pt.
(E). (B) sublimes on heating. Also on heating (B) with NaOH gas (F) is formed which gives
white fumes with HCl. What are (A) to (F) ?
Q. 13. Why is Cr2+ reducing and Mn3+ oxidising when both have d4 configuration ?
Q. 14. (a) In MnO4 ion all the bonds formed between Mn and Oxygen are covalent. Give
reason.
(b) Beside + 3 oxidation state Terbium Tb also shows + 4 oxidation state. (Atomic no. = 65)
Q. 15. (a) Highest manganese flouride is MnF4 whereas the highest oxide is Mn2O7 .
(b) Copper cannot liberate H2 from dil acids . Why ?
Q.16 A metal which is strongly attracted by a magnet is attacked slowly by the HCl liberating
a gas and producing a blue solution. The addition of water to this solution causes it to turn
pink.Identify the metal
2. (a) What may be the possible oxidation states of the transition metals with the following
d electronic configurations in the ground state of their atoms: 3d 3 4s 2 , 3d5 4s 2 and 3d 6
4s . Indicate relative stability of oxidation states in each case.
(b) Write steps involved in the preparation of
(i) Na 2CrO4 from chromite ore and
(ii) K2MnO4from pyrolusite ore.
3. Compare actinoids and lanthanoids with reference to their :
(i) electronic configurations of atoms
(ii) oxidation states of elements
Iii ) general chemical reactivity of elements
4. Describe the trends in the following properties of the first series of the transition
elements :
(i) Oxidation states
(ii) Atomic sizes
Magnetic behaviour of dipositive gaseous ions (M2+)
5. Discuss the relative stability in aqueous solutions of +2 oxidation state among the
elements : Cr,
Mn, Fe and Co. How would you justify this situation?
(At. Nos. Cr = 24, Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27)
oxidising agent.
(ii) Cu ion is not stable in aqueous solutions.
+
(iii) Among the 3d series of transition elements, the largest number of oxidation states are
exhibited by manganese.
8) (a) What is meant by the term lanthanoid contraction? What is it due to and what
consequences does it have on the chemistry of elements following lanthanoids in the
periodic table?
(b) Explain the following observations:
(i) Cu+ ion is unstable in aqueous solutions.
(ii) Although Co2+ ion appears to be stable, it is easily oxidised to Co3+ ion in the presence of
a strong ligand.
(iii) The Eo Mn2+/Mn value for manganese is much more than expected from the trend for
other elements in the series.
9. How would you account for the following:
(i) Many of the transition elements and their compounds can act as good catalysts.
(ii) The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as
those of the corresponding members of the second series.
There is a greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than lanthanoids .
10. State reasons for the following observations:
(i) The enthalpies of atomisation of transition elements are quite high.
(ii) There is a greater horizontal similarity in the properties of the transition elements than
of the main group elements
CHAPTER -9 CO-ORDINATION COMPOUNDS
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
Q. 1. A cationic complex has two isomers A & B. Each has one Co3+, five NH3 ,
one Br--- and one SO4 2- . A gives a white precipitate with BaCl2 solution while B
gives a yellow precipitate with AgNO3 solution.
(a) What are the possible structures of the complexes A and B ?
(b) Will the two complexes have same colour ?
Q. 2. FeSO4 solution mixed with (NH4 ) 2SO4 solution in 1 : 1 molar ratio gives
the test of Fe2+ ion but CuSO4 solution mixed with aqueous ammonia in 1 : 4
molar ratio does not give the test of Cu2+ ion. Explain why ?
Q. 3. If to an aqueous solution of CuSO4 in two tubes, we add ammonia
solution in one tube and HCl (aq) to the other tube, how will the colour of the
solutions change ? Explain with the help of reaction.
Q. 4. A, B and C are three complexes of Chromioum with the empirical formula
H12O6Cl3Cr. All the three complexes have Cl and H2O molecules as the ligands.
Complex A does not react with conc. H2SO4 . Complexes B and C lose 6.75% and
13.5% of their original weight respectively on heating with conc. H2SO4 .
Identify A, B and C.
Q.5 Compare the following complexes with respect to structural shapes of
units,magnetic behaviour & hybrid orbitals involved in units:
Q. 6. Write the name, stereochemistry & magnetic behaviour of the following:
(At. Nos. Mn = 25, Co = 27, Ni = 28)
Q. 7. How t2g and eg orbitals are formed in an octahedral complex ?
Q. 8. Explain the reason behind a colour of some gem stone with the help of
example.
Q. 9. How many EDTA lethylendiamine tetra acetic acid) molecules are
required to make an octahedral complex with a Ca2+ ion.
Q. 10. What is the hybridisation of central metal ion and shape of Wilkinsons
catalyst ?
Q. 11. Which vitamin is a complex compound of cobalt ?
Q. 12. Write the IUPAC name of [CO (NH3 ) 4 Br2] 2 [ZnCl4 ].
CATEGORY II QUESTIONS REPEATED ONCE OR TWICE
1. Name the following coordination compounds according to IUPAC system of
nomenclature:
(i) [Co(NH3)4 (H2O) Cl]Cl2
[CrCl2(en)2]Cl, (en = ethane 1, 2 diamine)
2. Give an example of linkage isomerism
3. Give an example of coordination isomerism.
4. Describe the shape and magnetic behaviour of following complexes:
5. Explain the following cases giving appropriate reasons:
(i) Nickel does not form low spin octahedral complexes.
(ii) The -complexes are known for the transition metals only.
Co2+ is easily oxidised to Co3+ in the presence of a strong ligand.
6. Write the name, the state of hybridization, the shape and the magnetic
behaviour of the following
complexes:
[CoCl4]2, [Ni(CN)4]2, [Cr(H2O)2(C2O4)2]
(Atomic number: Co = 27, Ni = 28, Cr = 24)
7. (a) Write the IUPAC name of the complex [CoBr2(en)2]+.
(b) What type of isomerism is shown by the complex [Co(NH3 )5 SO4 ]Br?
(c) Why is CO a stronger ligand than NH3 in complexes?
8. (a) Write the formulae for the following coordination compounds:
(i) Tetraammineaquachloridocobalt (III) chloride
(ii) Potassiumtetracyanonickelate (II)
(b) Write the hybridisation of the complex [NiCl4]2. (Atomic number of Ni =
28)
9. Which of the following is more stable complex and why? [Co(NH3)6]3+ and
[Co(en)3]3+
10. (i) Write the IUPAC name of the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl.
(ii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Co(en)3]3+?
(en = ethane-1,2-diamine)
(iii) Why is [NiCl4]2 paramagnetic but [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic?
(At nos.: Cr = 24, Co = 27, Ni = 28)
CHAPTER -10 HALOALKANES &
HALOARENES
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
2.i) which of the alkyl halides from the following pair is chiral and undergoes faster SN2 reaction
ii)Out of SN1 and SN2, which occurs with a) inversion of configuration b)racemisation?
3.Draw the structure of major monohalo product of each of the following reactions
why?
i)p-bromochlorobenzene
ii)1-Chloro-4-methylcyclohexane
i)4-tert-butyl-3-iodoheptane
ii)4-Bromo-3-methylpent-2-ene
i)CH2=CHCH2Br
ii)(CCl3)3CCl
9.Chlorobenzene is less reactive towards a nucleophilic substitution reaction.Give two reasons for
the same
11. Which of the following would you expect to react faster by SN2 mechanism and
why?
12. Which out of the following reacts faster by SN1 mechanism and why?
13. Which of the following would you expect to react faster by SN2 mechanism with OH and why?
ii) Which of the following would you expect to react faster by SN1 mechanism and why?
2. i) Which of the following would you expect to react faster by SN2 mechanism
ii)Which of the following compound is more easily hydrolysed by KOH and why?
CH3CHClCH2CH3 or CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl
iii)in the pair (CH3)3-Cl and CH3Cl, CH3Cl will react faster in SN2 reaction with OH?
ii)Haloarenes are less reactive than haloalkanes towards nucleophilic substitution reaction.
iii)The treatment of alkyl chloride with aquous KOH leads to the formation of alcohol but in the
presence of alcoholic KOH,alkene is the major product.
Hydrolysed?
11.Write the chemical reaction in which iodide ion replaces diazonium group in a diazonium salt.
ii)
iii) The C--X bond length in halobenzene is less than that in CH3-X
iii)Of the two bromo derivatives C6H5CH(CH3)Br and (C6H5)CH(C6H5)Br,which one is more
reactive in SN1 substitution and why?
1-Bromo-3-methylbutane
ii) Which of the following would you expect to react faster by SN2 mechanism and why
a) 1-Bromopentane , 2-Bromopentane
b) 1-Bromo-2-methylbutane , 2-Bromo-2-methylbutane
CHAPTER -11 ALCOHOLS,PHENOLS &
ETHERS
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
1. How would you distinguish between propan-1-ol & propan-2-ol ?
10
CATEGORY II QUESTIONS REPEATED ONCE OR TWICE
1. Write down the IUPAC name of Me3CCH2OH & EtOPh
2. Arrange phenol, para-nitrophenol & para-cresol in the increasing order of their pka values,
along with reason.
PhCH2OPh + HI ? + ?
9
CHAPTER -12 ALDEHYDES,KETONES
& ACIDS
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
1
4
5
7
8 How would you account for the following:
(i) Aldehydes are more reactive than ketones towards nucelophiles.
(ii) The boiling points of aldehydes and ketones are lower than of the
corresponding acids.
(iii) The aldehydes and ketones undergo a number of addition reactions.
11
. W Which acid of each pair shown here would you expect to be stronger ?
(i) CH2CO2H or FCH2CO2H
(ii) FCH2CO2H or ClCH2CO2H
(iii) FCH2CH2CH2CO2H or CH3 CHF CH2CO2H
3
4
5 . (a) An organic compound contains 69.77% carbon, 11.63% hydrogen and the rest is
oxygen. Themolecular mass of the compound is 86. It does not reduce Tollens reagent
but forms an addition compound with sodium hydrogen sulphite and gives positive
iodoform test. On vigorous oxidation it gives ethanoic and propanoic acids. Deduce the
possible structure of the organic compound.
(b) State reasons for the following:
(i) Monochloroethanoic acid has a higher pKavalue than dichloroethanoic acid.
(ii) Ethanoic acid is a weaker acid than benzoic acid.
6 How will you convert cyclohexanol into cyclohexanone?
Arrange
8 the following carbonyl compounds in increasing order of their reactivity in nucleophilic
addition reactions.
(i) Ethanal, Propanal, Propanone, Butanone
(ii) Benzalidehyde, p-Tolualdehyde, p-Nitrobenzaldehyde, Acetophenone.
CH3NH2 or NH3
CH3NH2 or aniline
NH3,CH3NH2,(CH3) 2NH,(CH3) 3N
NH3,CH3NH2,(CH3)2NH,(CH3)3N
KCN
i)CH3Br --- A (LAH)-- B HNO 2/273K--- C
19.State reason
i) C6H5N2Cl + C6H5NH2
i)Hoffman Bromamide
ii)coupling reaction
iii)Gatterman reaction
23. Complete the following equations :
i) C6H5NH2 + CH3COCl
iii)Ethylamine to methylamine
7. Write a chemical reaction in which iodide ion displaces diazonium group from a diazonium salt.
8. Account metyl amine in water reacts with ferric chloride to give a precipitate of with ferric
hydroxide.
TWO MARK QUESTIONS
1. Complete the following equations :
(i) diazomium salts ofaromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.
(ii) Amines are more basic than alcohols of comparable molecular masses.
ii)Why can pimary aromatic amines not be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?
NaCN
i)CH3CH2l --- A (reduction Ni/H2 )-- B
7.Write the reaction and reaction conditions for the following conversions
OR
H2O,H+ NH3,
ii)CH3CN - A --B ---- Br2,KOH--- C
i)RCONH2 -----LiAlH4,H2O-
i)carbylamines reaction
ii)Acetylation reaction
iii)Chloroethane to propan-1-amine
CHAPTER -14 BIOMOLECULES
CATEGORY-I QUESTIONS REPEATED AT LEAST 3 OR MORE
TIMES
5. Identify the four groups into which the polymers are classified
on the basis of the magnitude of intermolecular forces present
in them. To which group or groups do polythene and bakelite
belong?
6. Mention two important uses of each of the following:
|
Cl
8.Write the names and structures of the monomers of the following
polymers :
(i) Glyptal (ii) PHBV