Experiment no.

6
IMPACT OF JET ON VANES
Date: 15/3/17

AIM: To study the effect of force on the flat plate vane

APPARATUS: Test plates, measuring tank, stopwatch, etc

THEORY:
When a plate is placed in the path of a Jet, the jet exerts a force on the plate. This
force can be calculated from the impulse momentum equation. Momentum equation is based on
Newtons second law of motion, which states that The algebraic sum of external forces applied
to control volume of fluid in any direction is equal to the rate of change of momentum in that
direction.
The external forces include the compounds of the weight of the fluid and of the forces
exerted externally upon the boundary surface of the control volume.

PROCEDURE:
1. The apparatus was cleaned and all the tanks were made free from dust.
2. The drain valves provided were closed.
3. The desired vane was fixed on the apparatus.
4. 3/4 volume of tank approximately was filled with water and it was ensured that no
th

foreign particles were present.

5. It was ensured that all the on/off switches given on the panel were are at off position.
6. The main power supply was switched on.
7. The pump was switched on.
8. The flow of water through the channel was regulated with the help of given flow control
valve.
9. The initial heading of the plate provided at the top was noted and a known weight was
placed on the plate.
10. The valve was controlled so that the applied weight on the top was counterbalanced by
the impact of Jet.
11. The flow rate was measured using measuring tank and stopwatch.
 FORMULA:
Velocity of Jet V = Q / A
Q = Actual discharge in m /sec
3

Diameter of nozzle d = 10mm = 0.01m

Area of cross-section of nozzle A = d /4 = __ m
2 2

Area of measuring tank = 0.1 m 2

Density of water at ambient temperature = 1000 kg/m 3

1. Weight of aluminium disk = 0.073 kg

2. Weight of SS rod = 0.193 kg
3. Weight of the flat plate vane = __ kg
4. Sample weight (1) = __ kg
5. Sample weight (2) = __ kg
W1 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = __ kg
W2 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 5 = __ kg

OBSERVATIONS:

Height of vane Height of water Volume of water Time (sec)

(m) (m) (m ) 3

In collecting tank

Volumetric flow rate Q1 = __ m /sec, Q2 = __ m /sec

3 3

Velocity of water v1 = Q1 / tank area = __ m/sec, v2 = Q2 / tank area = __ m/sec

 Velocity of jet V1 = Q1 / A = __ m/sec, V2 = Q2 / A = __ m/sec
F Theoretical (1) = W1.g = __ N, F Theoretical (2) = W2.g = __ N

F Experimental (1) = (V1 v1) A = __ N

2

F Experimental (2) = (V2 v2) A = __ N

2

RESULT:
1) The theoretical value of impact force for a weight of (W1) __ gm was found to be __
N and the experimental value was found to be __ N.
2) The theoretical value of impact force for a weight of (W2) __ gm was found to be __
N and the experimental value was found to be __ N.

CONCLUSION:
The impact of Jet on vane was studied and the theoretical and experimental values of
impact force were compared. The error was found to be __%.

PRECAUTIONS:
12. The flow rate should be maintained at a value where the vane and flow remain in
equilibrium, so that the vane indicates a constant head. The height shouldnt have too large or
too small values.
13. Parallax error must be avoided while measuring the height of water level and vane.