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150000722

ROHIT (NZDE)

ASSIGNMENT
1
MECHANICS OF MACHINES

SUBMITTED TO: - DR.THOMAS


VUONG

SUBMITTED BY: - ROHIT HARCHAND


STUDENT ID: - 150000722 (NZDE)
MECHANICAL

MECHANICS OF MACHINES
150000722
ROHIT (NZDE)

1. Where does vibration come from and why do we need to


measure vibration?
Ans. Rotating mechanical components, Oscillation and reciprocating
are the sources of vibration. The leading reason behind mechanical
vibration is dynamic effect of machinery such as rolling, clearances
or rubbing contact between machine parts. As we are considering
the vibration that comes from public transportation which includes
train, buses and ferries. Well the source of vibration in buses, trains
and ferries may be either vehicles interacting with uneven surface
(Road or water) or as they all have diesel engines which have a
higher RPM than gasoline engines. So diesel engine produce large
amount of energy or work output. Mostly we observe the vibration in
the vehicles when they are in stationary motion then the large
amount of energy produce by running engine dissipated throughout
the body of vehicle and cause vibration.
We need to measure the vibration in transportation system:-
To examine the machine condition or to improve the durability
of vehicles so that it can run longer.
To improve comfort level for users of public transport and
nearby people
Because the running trains emits ground vibration which
sometimes are causing structural damages to the nearby
buildings.

2. Describe what is vibration and what are the


characteristics of vibration and shock?
Ans. The measurement of the process of periodic oscillations or
mechanical motion with respect to an equilibrium point is defined as
vibration. There are different types of mechanical vibrations such as
free vibrations, forced vibrations, torsional vibration, transverse
vibrations, damped or non-linear vibrations
Below are the characteristics of vibration and shock:-
Displacement or amplitude:-magnitude of a motion in either
direction from its mean position.
Frequency:-the number of vibration made by the vibrating
structure in one second.
Time period:-time taken by the vibrating body to complete a
one vibration cycle. (1)

3. Describe the effect of vibration and shock on


mechanical system?

MECHANICS OF MACHINES
150000722
ROHIT (NZDE)

Ans. Below are the main effect of vibration and shock on mechanical
system:-
BAD EFFECTS ARE:-
It can reduce the service life of drive components such as
gearbox.
It can cause fatigue failure of supportive structure.
System can become noisy and create high level of annoyance
to everyone.
We can not take proper reading of the system.
It can cause unbalancing of rotating parts in machinery, may
cause looseness of nuts and bolts in machinery as well
GOOD EFFECTS ARE:-
It is suitable for the circulation of sound.
Vibratory conveyers are very useful in many industries.
Useful in musical instruments.

4. Discuss the vibration measurement system, what are the


main components used in vibration instrumentation?
Ans. The system through which we can measure the characteristics
of vibration.
Accelerometers:-The operation of many accelerometers based
on newtons second law of motion. It generates small voltage
in response to deformation. The main components are in
Piezoelectric accelerometers are:-

(Image1)
There is good example of piezoelectric accelerometers are
record player stylus.

MECHANICS OF MACHINES
150000722
ROHIT (NZDE)

(image2):

Strain gauges:-They are non self generating and very


commonly used to measure change in resistance in metallic or
semi conductor elements. It also used for measure plastic
formation and tensile testing in a mechanical system

(image3):
Vibration measurement monitors:- It consist of transducers
such as displacement , velocity and acceleration that analyse
vibration and convert mechanical vibration into electrical
signals.

5. Discuss fundamentals of shock and vibration control


(vibration and shock isolations)?
Ans. Once we understand the characteristics and classification of
vibration and shock, then we find some solutions to minimize the
vibration in the mechanical system because vibration isolation is

MECHANICS OF MACHINES
150000722
ROHIT (NZDE)

important as it can damage mechanical system during operations in


terms of machinery failure or create high level noise.
Isolation process:-
In the isolation process of vibration in transportation system we consider
following things
In the beginning we identify the characteristics of problem
such as mass, stiffness, damping etc.
Then we study the natural frequencies of system by
experimentally and theoretically.
At the end, we look for optimisation in the system based upon
knowledge we observed.
There are few thing from which I think we can control the vibration to
some extent such as:-

The use rubber insulators under the railway track to dampen


the vibration.
Use of better seat cushioning for passengers in public
transports.
By developing new high quality, continuous smooth roads and
tracks.
Use of electric to run the public transport system because
electric vehicle emits less vibration than diesel engines.

6. References
Lecture Notes by DR.THOMAS VUONG.
http://www.bksv.com/doc/bn1330.pdf.
https://www.networkrail.co.uk/communities/lineside-neighbours/noise-and-vibration/

THANK YOU SIR!

MECHANICS OF MACHINES

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