BIOELECTROMAGNETISM

TAMPERE UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

BIOELECTRO-
MAGNETISM
Jaakko Malmivuo

Demo Slides
Amber

= amber
 Hans Christian rsted 1819

Battery

I
B

Magnetic
needle

I
 Generation of bioelectric signal
50
Vm [mV]

0
200 400 600 800 1000
Time [ms]

-50

-100

K+
K+ K+ K+ Na+ K+
K+ Na+ K+
K+ K+ K+
K+ K+ Na+ K+
K+ K+ Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ Na+
Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+
K+ Na+ K+ Na+ K+
K+ K+ K+ K+ K+ K+
K+ K+ Na+ Na+ Na+
K+ K+
Na+ K+ Na+ K+
Na+ K+
Na+ K+ Na+ K+
K+ Na+ Na+
K+ Na+
K+

Na+
Na+ K+ K+
Na+ Na+ K+ Na+
Na+ K+ Na+ Na+
Na+ Na+ K+ K+ Na+ K+ K+
Na+ Na+ K+ Na+
Na+ Na+ K+ Na+ Na+
Na+ Na+ Na+ K+ K+ Na+
K+
Na+ Depolarization
Na+ Na+ Repolarization
K+ Restoring
K+ K+ ionic
Na+ Na+
balance
Hubert Mann

Monocardiogram
1916
Hubert Mann

LEAD 1
R L
7

6
8

1 9
5
0 2 10
3
4

2 LE
D AD
L EA 3

Monocardiogram
1916
F
Hubert Mann

LEAD 1
R L
7
8
1
9
6
2
10

3
2 5
AD
LE LE
AD
3
4

Monocardiogram
1916
F
Squid
 Space clamp
Experimental chamber
Physiological salt solution
A Membrane B
Axoplasm
Internal electrode

i
im
imi imc
Vm Vm rm
im cm
t = t3
x Em
t = t2
t = t4 o
Is t = t1
Vm is constant along the axon
 Reflex Arch
cm mV mV mV

sec sec sec sec

Muscle Receptor potential Impulses in Synaptic potentials
stretch in sensory terminal sensory axon in motoneuron

Muscle
spindle

Stretch
Spinal
Muscle cord

Tension Impulses in Impulses in

in muscle muscle fibers motoneuron

gm mV mV

sec sec sec

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 ms
2 Heart rate 1/2
NORMAL SINUS RHYTHM
Impulses originate at S-A node at normal rate
S-A node

1 mV

1.0 s

All complexes normal, evenly spaced. Rate 60 100/min.

SINUS BRADYCARDIA
Impulses originate at S-A node at slow rate

All complexes normal, evenly spaced. Rate < 60/min.

 The Fetus

Jacques Fabien Gautier DAgoty:

Anatomie des parties de la
gnrtion de lhomme et
de la femme. Paris, 1773.
Colored mezzotint.
National Library of Medicine

Gautier DAgotys colored

mezzotints have a painterly
quality. This pregnant woman
calmly looks back at the viewer,
a characteristic pose of
18th-century French portraiture.
 Fetal ECG and MCG
Vernix Caseosa: A white, cheesy waxy substance
that coats the skin of a fetus in late pregnancy.
Fetus body, maternal abdomen: = 5 m
Vernix Caseosa: = 0.5 Mm
Neighboring Method B.H. Brown and A.D. Segar, (Sheffield) 1987
Current is applied through neighboring electrodes.
Voltage is measured successively from all other adjacent electrode pairs.
1613 = 208 voltage measurements, 104 independent.

A 16 1 B 16
15 I 15 1
14 14 2
2
I
13 3 13
3
V
4 4
12 12
V V
5 5
11 11
6 V
10 6 V
10
9 7 V 9 7 V
8 8
V
Current flow lines Isopotential lines