English

grammar
I. Introduction
Filipinos spend more than a
decade of their formal
studies using English as a
medium and yet it has been
noted that the quality of our
spoken English is way below
international standards.
 There are many factors that are
involve. Texting and chatting are
two common practices that
encourage the use of corrupted
English. In many case, teachers and
parents themselves do not have a
good grasp of the English grammar.
Indeed, it is not uncommon to hear
Ph.D. graduates having difficulty
speaking the language.
 The cowards
never started
and the weak
died along the
way
LESSON I
II. Sentences
A. Definition of a sentence
B. Subject and Predicate
C. Sentence Fragment
D. Kinds of Sentences
a. Declarative b.
Interrogative
c. Imperative
d. Exclamatory
 Speech is power:
Speech is to
persuade, to convert,
to compel.
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
LESSON II
III. Parts of Speech
A. Nouns
a. Definition of Nouns
b. Concrete and Abstract
Nouns
c. Common and Proper
Nouns
d. Rules on Singular and Plural
Nouns
 If a man empties
his purse into his
head, no man can
take it away from
him.An investment
in knowledge always
pays the best
LESSON III
B. Pronouns
a. Definition of Pronouns
b. Antecedent of Pronouns
ecotypes of Pronouns
.Personal Pronouns
.Interrogative Pronouns
.Demonstrative Pronouns
.Indefinite Pronouns
.Relative Pronouns
 Natural
abilities are like
natural plants
that need
pruning by
LESSON IV
D. Possessive Pronouns
E. Agreement of Pronoun
and Antecedent
Think like a man
of action and act
like a man of
thought.
-Henri Bergson
LESSON V
C. Verbs
a. Action Verbs and Linking Verbs
b. Over Phrase: Principal and
Auxiliary Verbs
c. Principal Parts of Verbs
Present Tense
Past tense
Past Participle
d. Regular and Irregular Verbs
For everything
there is an
appointed
time.
 LESSON VI

Either Tenses: Basic Forms

Present Tense
Past Tense
Future Tense
Present Perfect Tense
Past Perfect Tense
Future Perfect Tense
To be or not to
be, that is the
question.
-
Shakespeare
 LESSON VII
Six Tenses of the Verb to
be
Six Tenses of the Regular
Verb care
Six Tenses of the Irregular
Verb eat
The worst bankrupt
in the world is the
man who has lost his
enthusiasm.
-Gerard de Nerve
LESSON VIII
F. Tenses : Progressive Forms
Present Progressive Tense
Past Progressive Tense
Future Progressive Tense
Present Perfect Progressive Tense
Past Perfect Progressive Tense
Future Perfect Progressive Tense
Progressive Forms of the Verb
care
Action may not
always bring
happiness; but
there is no
happiness
without action
LESSON IX
G. Voice: Active and Passive
Voice
H. Mood
Indicative
Imperative
Subjunctive
Subjunctive Forms of the Verb
to be
You may easily play
a joke on a man
who likes to argue-
agree with him.
-Ed Howe
 LESSON X
I. Agreement of Subject and Verb
J. Agreement of Verbs
with Collective Nouns
K. Agreement of Verbs
with Indefinite
Pronouns
Judge a man by his
questions rather
than his answers.

-Voltaire
LESSON XI

l. Special Cases of
Agreements
And Jehovah God
went on to say,It is
not good for the
man to continue by
himself.I am going
to make a helper
for him, as a
LESSON XII
M. Complements
* Complements of Action Verbs
* Direct Objects
* Transitive and Intransitive
Verbs
* The Indirect Object
* Complements of Linking
Verbs
* Predicate Noun, Pronoun and
adjectives
 The wisest man has
something yet to
learn.

-George Santayana
LESSON XIII
D. Prepositions
a. Definition
b. Objects of the
Preposition
c. Compound or Phrasal
Prepositions
 Consider the
postage stamp my son.
It secures success
through its ability to
stick to one thing till it
gets there.
-Josh Billings
LESSON XIV
E.Cases of Nouns and Pronouns
a. Nominative Case of
Nouns and Pronouns
b. Objective Case of Nouns
c. Objective Case of
Pronouns
d.Possessive Case of Nouns
e.Possessive Case of
Pronouns
 For they
conquer those
who believe
they can.
-John Dryden
LESSON XV
F. Adjectives
a. Definition
b. Attributive and Predicate
Positions
c. Kinds of Adjectives
*Descriptive *Nouns as Adjectives
*Limiting *Pronouns as Adjectives
 A word is not a
crystal, transparent and
unchanged, it is the skin
of a living thought and
may vary greatly in color
and content according to
the circumstances and
the time in which it is
used.
-Oliver Wendell Holmes
LESSON XVI
D. Comparison in
Adjectives

*Positive Degree
*Comparative Degree
*Superlative Degree
*Adjectives Not
Compared
Eloquence is the
child of
knowledge.
-Benjamin Disraeli
LESSON XVII
G. Adverbs
a. Definition
b. Kinds of Adverbs
>Adverb of Manner
>Adverb of Place
>Adverb of Frequency
>Adverb of Time
>Adverb of Degree
>Interrogative Adverbs
C. Nouns and Adjectives
Used as Adverbs
D. Degrees of
Comparison
>Positive Degree
>Comparative Degree
>Superlative Degree
>Adverbs Not Compared
 All wish to
possess
knowledge, but
few,
comparatively
speaking, are
LESSON XVIII
H. Prepositional Phrases
a. Review of Prepositions
b. Review of Objects of
Prepositions
c. Prepositional Phrases
>Adjective Phrases
>Adverbial Phrases
d. Correct use of
Prepositions
 The block of granite
which is an obstacle in
the pathway of the
weak becomes a
stepping-stone in the
pathway of the
strong.
-Thomas Carlyle
LESSON XIX
I. Conjunctions
a. Definition
b.Types of Conjunctions
>Coordinating Conjunctions
>Correlating Conjunctions
>Subordinating Conjunctions
J. Interjections
K. Concluding the Study of
the Simple Sentence
A house is not
a home unless
it contains food
and fire for the
mind as well as
the body.
LESSON XX
REVIEW
Knowledge is
power.
-Francis Bacon
LESSON XXI
IV. Clauses
A.Definition
B.Types of Clauses
a.Main or Independent
Clause
b.Subordinate or
Dependent Clause
>Adverbial Clauses
Language, as well
as the faculty of
speech, was the
immediate gift of
God.
-Noah Webster
LESSON XXII
>Adjective Clauses
+Restrictive and
Nonrestrictive
>Noun Clauses
 The Difficult is
that which can be
done
immediately; the
Impossible that
LESSON XXIII
V. Classifying Sentences
Based on Clauses
A. Simple Sentence
B. Compound Sentence
a. Comma Fault
b. Run on Error
C. Complex Sentence
D. Compound-Complex
Sentence
An action, to
be effective,
must be
directed to
clearly defined
LESSON XXIV
VI. Verbals
A. Participles
a. Present Participles
b. Past Participles
c. Perfect Participles
d. Dangling Participles
A man who gives
his children
habits of industry
provides for them
better than by
giving them a
fortune.
 LESSON XXV
B. Gerunds
a. Definition
b. Dangling Gerund
C. Infinitives
a. Infinitives as Nouns
b. Infinitives as Adverbs
c. Infinitives as Adjectives
d. Omitted Sign of the
Infinitive
e. Split Infinitives
That is a good
book which is
opened with
expectation and
closed in
LESSON XXVI
VII. Punctuations
A. Period
B. Question Mark
C. Exclamation Point
D. Quotation Mark
E. Apostrophe
Even if youre
in the right
track-youll get
run over if you
just sit there.
LESSON XXVII
F. Comma
G. Colon
H. Semicolon
I. Parenthesis
J. Dash
Aim at perfection in
everything though in
most things it is
unattainable.
However, they who
aim at it, and
persevere, will come
much nearer to it
than those whose
LESSON XXVIII

K. Capitalization
 n d
e e
th