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From the Bequest of
NOVELLO'S
MUSIC PRIMERS AND EDUCATIONAL SERIES.
A TREATISE ON
TRICT COUNTERPOINT
PART II.
Boston University
College of Musie
Library Jun-\J$ %
London: NOVELLO AND COMPANY, Limited.
New York: THE H. W. GRAY CO., Sole Agents for the U.S.A.
MADE IN ENGLAND
:
LONDON
NOVELLO AND COMPANY, LIMITED.
PRINTERS.
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER I.
Page
The First Species of Strict Counterpoint in Four
Parts ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... i
CHAPTER II.
CHAPTER III.
CHAPTER IV.
The Combination of the Various Species of Strict
Counterpoint in Four Parts ... ... ... ... 25
CHAPTER V.
CHAPTER VI.
CHAPTER VII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
APPENDIX.
Containing an Eight-Part Study in the Form of a
Fugue for Two Choirs ... ... ... ... 5
MADE IN ENGLAND
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2010 with funding from
Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries
http://www.archive.org/details/treatiseonstrict02glad
A TREATISE
ON
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
CHAPTER I.
2 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
The fact that the interval of a Third not only may but not
infrequently must be doubled is indisputable.
A considerable variety of instances might be given if modern
Harmonies were employed. These, however, would be out of
place here. But the following progressions might occur in a
piece of Strict Counterpoint in the key of A minor and in none ;
E=22:
3fe
ra:
-<s-
.Q. -2-
: Z -S =T1 2
:-z^cc::
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
-C2_
_Q
^zzztt
t
-9-
"" T
o '
ffn <^-j
^K ri
G>-
W
i'ri)
I
&
?5
X-^- _ iO
<TJ CJ>
But the Four Voices must not all proceed together in Similar
Motion, e.g. :
-Q-
#"-
T1 TI
r->
/L
& rj
&
~-.
o
.
/~\ . ^. r^ C? ^D
Igh "-^ r-J cS-.^-S
Woi Goorf.
r$ rj Ti
w-
/L
IQ_ r>
arf.
* Here it should be explained that, when Two successive Chords are formed
by combining the same three sounds, they are practically the same Harmony
although one may be a Common Chord and the other a Chord of the Sixth.
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
Supplementary Remarks upon Consecutive Fifths
and Octaves.
It was recently said that no infraction of the rules forbidding
Consecutive Fifths and Octaves could at present be permitted.
But it may be consoling to a scrupulous mind to be reassured
with regard to certain deceptive appearances of Octaves or
Fifths which sometimes arise where an exercise in Counterpoint
is taken to the key-board of a Pianoforte.
Let the following passages be examined :
Z2
m *:
22:
jaz
m-.
ZZZZ
i^pgi
Manual
-<s>-
2, soft
^
Reed.
z&zzzzzzzzz^zzzzz
-&-
\i&
3 <
::^J>:
and
m
Pedal soft 16 ft. 8 ft.
>
Such an experiment ought to be convincing.
.
strict counterpoint. 5
jQ.
n^ ^=rrZQ22 'J&- s s
Not good.
The Unison.
In the First and Last Bars any Two Voices may sing in
Unison but elsewhere this will be pardonable only when some
;
i ' ,
T&DT
ggEJg^
Not good.
Monotony.
It is possible to observe all the rules of Strict Counterpoint,
and yet to produce an unsatisfactory result.
Attention should still be given to the movement of every Part,
and each should have, so far as may be possible, a fair share of
activity.
Let the subjoined exercise be carefully scrutinized :
:^?_
i -gl -^r
* *
m:
C.F.
but the Alto Part contains only two sounds, A, and G sharp.
The Part-writing is therefore imperfect.
^
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
Cadences.
but, when all the voices are written in the First Species
of Counterpoint, it should not appear in the Lowest of Four
Parts.
The Bass of the Penultimate Chord should now be either the
Supertonic or the Dominant of the Scale the former when ;
sh::
P
W C.F.
-JC21
:cz
C.F. C.F. C.F.
I2_
C.F. C.F.
vf CD
& rj p
O *
O
o s> L
&2J
C.F. C.F.
-s>-
> r^
o '
* Part I, Chapter X.
1 1 -
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 7
Examples.
lA" ^ & -^
1
1
<s>
5
^^_ n
-<s>- -0-
<r>
<S> rj
r> e> 1
<S>
rj O
4Rr <s>
C.F.
rj
**Q & *2 ,
<s>
rj >S>
tiE^~\
r.i rj <s> rj
n rz '
P)
4UO-~
$& -
-*- =^= -^ 1
e r-> e? 1 _Q_
jfe \
C.F.
P &> 1
& rj ^ <n
G> -1
rj
^^ <r>
O s>
rj
* Part I, page
o I '
n
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
?^~ i - <"-->
o
e> O
C.F.
^ =
f-J
s> 1
s>
<z
e
It4_"rt^
fk^^^- <n
= S = -^ n
^-j
o o
fn):
-M^
*> ^j
<s> rj o
<T> o <s>
.
C.F.
r-& S>
if
rr~
1
o
1
n
w~ <S> <s>
4U O -5^ =Z2=Tffe*-
1
-G>- o 4s *
rz
ft"
1
T
4IJ r
& Q O o
r
Q . <=3 , t
<s>
, r , , . C=3
t7
5@=*= G <s>
rj
n e <r>
<s>
1
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
CHAPTER II.
5
V ~ r-
5|
1
m
r t~T
W
tk
tf
<n r"
*-m p ~4o
^8 1
1
8
-Q-
a.
iWi*
(W. rj
^s rJ rJ
IO STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
None good.
Cadences.
v, Z
ZZEZZ
s is ESE ^m
-Gt.
o
C.F.
mA C.F. C.F. C.F.
fed]
* Part I, Chapter XI
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. II
Or in difficult circumstances.
, C.F.
C.F.
S m ___
+$ ^o
C.F.
_Q_ I
J ,
I
^i:
~^ZL
W^W
C.F. C.F.
C.F.
-*> ~T3
# <" <n * aw
T
<s>
'
Tl
^ CF. 1 1 1
1
C.F.
-& -G- 1
J 1 J
1
1
L !
i &
rJ
J
&
<i
12 strict counterpoint.
Examples.
m U o- dfe
-49- I2I
^g r^
C.F.
S
n? 1
rj
^li n3 P3
i
,
/ ii
' '
*
IL
fm
VL' #rd
*> F
r^
1
rd U_J
4^ a*-*
rj
7 T 1
1
ff "
4
7
. c~> s>
u
.
Mr
.m- <u
r^
& rj
V
S
W
fraV
w^ ^
rj
r^
n
33:
:a:
I
2=ES=gqpca--rP- ^=p:
Il^H i^fe
C.F.
- re f-^
o 22:
&
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 13
m ZZ21
C.F.
W^
* 22;
Sa =t
2^1 ^ -P e-
^
^S 22:
-^Tj> <~j rj
1
rj
Tl
*~~
1
h<^
W-^-V- J4
if -
h ^~
\ iX
1
_t
^-j
\T^9-
II k 1
n [ 1
1 1
t
7 P b
"
'l
r-i
ri rD 1
rJJ
1
<^j
1
1
1 1 rJ rj
Mir|>- n
^4" **-> 1
C.F.
ZZZ-
1
W
_Q-
i g
.Q_ o r e>
@ 22:
R r> g>
ZZ
H^2=
H STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
: *:
3#=g=F=^=M=^ - -
i
fcbEEE^E
t^
W-^K
B
C.F.
^y^fcE:
5^
^i:
w^
vu
*
t?
r
L
i
'
r f r~
1
-j
F-
I
1
T
i
! J J
1
d
1
d9
040 '
i 1
1~
<5>
-n
-
t7 1
" Iv
ILi ?
"
!->
G r^>
'
It-
4K-
J f rj
"? t l_
ft r^
* T
w
IW-i P
b^
rj
CJ> e
3^
1
-#-
--F-
ili-i
^fe SEE
C.F.
o o
<z>
-
fTTr-g-
\>r -^ ^
"
S TRICT COUNTERPOINT. 15
n
w^ -iS> ..
9 r>
'
1
rj
if ;
-
1 *
Ml
\m P L_ J
1
r
rU_
111 i
' 1
tfT !
*
""i
r
1
1 L !
1 1
J L 1
4Hi ' ' '
tj
m <j
7,
^
(W
V_^
rj>
r^
rj r->
-FT~*>
1 1
/L ? ^ 1
rj
(0)
7 9 rj *-^
CF. ^.
+kfc -7*-r? -<S>
n
1
1
7L " '
^
r * ^ - -
r
,
* 4 *
*,->">
<*
7 p Z
L
f-
1
r ,*
1 r \
\
* r * *
1
|
|
III 1
1
'
i
1
I'llrP 1
@*.go
-^>-4-^ #"
tt/rs s> -0 1
h?-s
14c*
/k
"#T O rj
75 Tl
rti ^
1
%
TT^
uu
<o
rJ
p 1-1
1
7L
'
T
7
7
I
1
P P
1
1
\~
*
r
11
*
I'll-
#
1
m
1
i J
9
11J
m m
x
J
m r
1
J
1
r-aV
U*;.,
"n ^
r^
rj
i6 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
\&%
j^ r*
C.F.
'
-]~ & \= tr>
-"
1=
_
ftrSl =ri J 1 E
E V, o ^ -o
ft= ~"~ "
=
Mr- <s>-
SzrzzE
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 17
CHAPTER III.
- -. ^
yn rzi
! 1
1
1 1
CJ
1
fL
W- '
<S> & <Z> ..
if-
A 1
-J- A
<Wv
4gj
cJ
1
<o rj
Pt -&-
1
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
lot
zi:
AAJ.
m
(2) It is forbidden under any circumstances to prepare the
Discord of the Ninth by an Octave, e.g.
?=t
-P:
The Second (or Ninth) below the Canto Fermo. This should
be accompanied either by a Fourth or a Fifth above the Discord,
with the Canto Fermo itself or the added Interval doubled :
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 19
The Fifth below the Canto Fermo. This should, like the
Fourth, be accompanied by the Second or Ninth above the
Suspension, with the Canto Fermo itself or the added interval
doubled.
The following Suspensions will exemplify these rules :
\' -J 4- T^ A 1/ -N
^ Q
1
V -o-A- "N 1
XQ
1
0H
, 1
T-^n
--&- O^f- -J
-&
^ ^
-
fftS _ r_j
vy <tj :
7
JZt.^
-<s>- -e-
frV 5>
rw. r>
\j^ O rj
/l
y
fm rj ?5 CJ
\sy
*J -&- C.l
c!f.
cf -
C.F. ^ >-
tfaY
(W
n f-> rj en rj eZT^ ^>_ CJ fJ C3
N^> ;
>.
*- ' \
1
1
*'\~
1
-
-
I !
1 1 1
vn
W
-fk ^ -H-
C.F. C.F. C.F.
c F.
>-
n
^W
/rsV
I
f^V
|
"- '
fJ
1
1
1
'
rj
1
1
c3
1
1
r"3
1
- *'l
rj
1
,-5
1
.
rj r-> e?
N.B. A Prepared Discord must never form the interval of a
Seventh with any Part above it, e.g. :
M: ^
Very bad.
20 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
Examples.
(71
vu
i'
1
>
z
*-^
<o j
<TD
|
l"3l
)
y
1
1
i
1
1
i
1
LV
t
fJ
|
rj
i
Q
|
p* rJ
J
1
1 i
ii-uH^-r? rj
r e -&- -e ^>
-<9
-
7 P 2 1
te^ " tj
-O
2_^
'
46-!
r-> Us*
o -s -<s>
^U -<s>
1,
-
-<S>
o -s> <^>
-s>
s
it 351
221
fe 221
-s>- -e-
321
i=5:
i
feS
?=22:
221
O
&f
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 21
m
fo
2zl CZ2Z
C.F.
m 3fc m
Ss^es y=\
jai
,<=v-
-JPO^--
z.
Si^ i^Hi
C.F.
-S> ==
H 23: 22:
6 ZC21
m :ct
- &t-& =t
rj I
rt I
**
I
22 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
The Fifth
Species of Counterpoint in Four Parts.
A
word of warning ought here to be given as to the increasing
danger of overlooking Consecutive Fifths and Octaves. When
notes of small Time-value are written the faults referred to may
easily escape notice.
Let the student beware of errors like the following :
8 8
22t 5&
i & 221
m
In both cases that which was intended to be an embellishment
has become a disfigurement.
No additional rules are required for the writing of Florid
Counterpoint in Four Parts.
All that is necessary is to make a careful analysis of the
subjoined examples, and to obey the precepts already inculcated.
Examples.
-# 2 r f r * 9 r g ^=V
"P F *~F m m m f I
^)-a-M 1
|
m F
-M f
1
h 1F h- L L. 1 1
1
*> <"J
*
_i
L if
^ '
7 ^
<* *> T3
^ ^
<-n
7L. *?
C.F.
O
Cr^\'
SQhit -Q <n -<s>
Z rj
gi ^2:
=
-*-FF j 1
I
1
F^1
o
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 23
I
IA
C.F.
s 2:
feE
33
1st
P Q^-^? Q
E # o
IP
til
^EE^^^^zEE t=t ^ 1
fii
:^_
|=:
i# 22:
B C.F.
TZ-
fe =t i
1
i
s
^=
S :#o:
J
24 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
Z2I
221
C.F.
i
B '2 g- 32:
^=^
1es
s^ -s>
d=3=$
-G>-
IC2I
$
m
r
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 25
CHAPTER IV.
in their application.
The principles advocated, in Chapters II and III of the
present part of this book, with respect to Hidden Fifths and
Octaves, must also be kept constantly in memory.
But an important exception to the general rules for Con-
secutive Octaves now comes into use. When the Second
Species is placed in the Bass, its movements may cause a
Prepared Discord to resolve upon a new and unexpected
Harmony. For example, the familiar Suspension of the
Seventh
m
may, by the movements of the Bass and Alto, resolve into the
following unlooked for Consonance :
JGL-
W-
26 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
C.F.
:f&
P
_2_
IPC
@fcfc ^2=
the apparent Octaves between Tenor and Bass are not, in fact,
Octaves at all, since they occur not in successive Harmonies but
in Chords 1, 3, and 5.
further liberty now becomes lawful.
Still
The difficulty of combining the Second, Third, and Fourth
Species is so considerable that an occasional Rest upon the First
Beat of a Bar may be introduced without scruple.
Once more, the union of the Interval of a Fifth with the
Discord of the Seventh, either in the manner explained in
Part I* or in that shown in Chapter III of this Part will
sometimes be found useful.
And again, the union of the Intervals of the Sixth and Fifth
referred to on page 113 of Part I (examples d and /) may be
effectively accompanied by a Third, e.g.
I 3.
Z
F=F
J- _cl
m- g
while example b on page 113 may be completed by the addition
of a Sixth above the Bass, thus :
Tfc-=\ 1"
&
w- ^ -rJ-,,
r 'i -r-
Chapter XIII, page 117.
1 | i
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 27
&JR5
S33E i I
r~ *=s=
-p- -P-
5S
S=S zt:
K
fetsfcN
a]
C.F..
SfeS
EjBfc
:zo:
r r
, J
-[
_| 1
fi
1
f-3
-f
n 1
s p
1=
_fs
H
1
:^
1
<S
fe^ '
'
<9
-
- ^^
<S
^^_o n L-<s> ___.
t The Second Species here enters with the C.F. in order to avoid a wide
space between the Tenor and the Treble.
28 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
2S s* d J s --*-
i ~t.
- I
g==fc^
W^ ^
-
et 2t=|:
fc*-^-
~2= -I =-
is .C.F.
2z:
IgM=T
fe= J^ rJ -rt
ft
-2-
-=K
I*i
^fc
:rz^z
O 2 2 e i-O
^~^=E g=j-
p ^
,-<S> f i-f
:?2:
C.F.
nza:
R^4
S
S tdze*
* The Second Species here enters with the C.F. in order to avoid a wide
space between the Bass and the Treble.
1
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 29
C.F.
^J#
=i=PE :^=P=F
EB
i^S fcfcg
m
M =
-p U rj
P
zrE
1 1
1 1
fr# :ezi =P
CHAPTER V.
Three Voices in Florid Counterpoint.
The literal accuracy of the description of Florid Counterpoint
as a compound of the First Four Orders * will now become
manifest.
No greater mistake can be made by the student than that of
endeavouring to keep all the Voices in a state of perpetual
activity.
An occasional Semibreve in one Part, against more vigorous
movement in the others, tends to the production of welcome
contrast.
All that need be remembered is this: Semibreve must not be A
tied to a Note of smaller Time-value in the previous Bar, e.g. :-*
/X"\ fj <0
(W. <o
U '
Rhythmically Bad.
Cadences.
In the exercises to be written, now and henceforth, the Bass
Part ought to contain in the Penultimate Bar either the
Dominant or the Supertonic of the Scale. The Leading Note
will not in future appear in the Lowest Part under any
circumstances.
Examples.
-<s>
=t=t=
spz
^i=g
Mft^t^EFrT -nfr^
C.F.
fc L' C r 1
* Part I, Chapter VII.
'
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 31
H EEEEB :=*
seI*
= 1^ .-
*=-=]=:
il 1=
s*
!=
iH^^ C.F.
^=*r*f*
# --
fcr2:
JP^fc
:q:
ft^i 3Efc -I L-
1-^| - i
h
S^
2:
"
=E
^=fi:
WFP ^S
1
? <S>---
i=B
-<s>-
pz:
:Q
::tz:
EEEEEt 3
C.F.
P*
^=& ^g^i P-T-e-
eg EggEE^ -#-r&
e 2zBt=yE!=
--F--S>
t=t
-Pr^
E^if^^l
^fc
fcz2: t ^;*:
I
32 STRICT COUNTERPOINTo
=^1 :^:
:n^ii=E
Gt-Sfgl^i^Lm-^s.
-<S> W-m- 4 tf
3t?_
-^9-^1 p^a:
l^pci^p:
"-P=t T^
a=ii
^ -^ '-
IS ^^ 1 :E +- J 3i h
-r-^-
B^IeS zi=C ! I
C.F.
^i^2
-
P +-h-| -&r :
5 =g=P ==
FF =^
Ej^fljEEEffiEgE EEfefeSEE^Et
3=t
g^fF^
w-^
i rlTTTt?
p#
ee
l^H o :o
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 33
CHAPTER VI.
Five-Part Counterpoint.
When more than Four Parts are to be written, it is obvious
that one of the ordinary groups of Voices must be divided into
Two Sections.
The best arrangement of a Five-Part Score is, generally
speaking, for Two Trebles, Alto, Tenor, and Bass.
Nevertheless considerations of Compass,* may sometimes
make it more convenient to write for Two Tenors. A separation
of either the Altos or the Basses into two divisions is not at
present advisable.
The most important relaxation of rule which may now be
allowed is in relation to Hidden Fifths and Octaves.
Any of the Inner Parts, or One Inner and One Outer Part,
may approach an Octave or a Fifth by a leap in the same
direction in either or both of the Voices.
It is still desirable, however, when Similar Motion to a
Perfect Concord occurs between the Two Extreme Parts, that
the leap should be in the Bass, the top Part at the same time
moving Conjunctly.
The appearance of the Unison will now be more frequent
but it should not be prolonged beyond One Bar at a time. Such
a passage as the following does not give the impression of Five-
Part Harmony, but rather of Four Parts with one unduly
strong :
^
The repetition of a given sound in Two Voices which are an
Octave apart is, however, in no way objectionable, e.g. :
-Q.
In this last example every Part asserts itself, and the effect is
that of Five distinct Voices.
* Part I, page 7.
:
34 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
Cadences.
The formation of the Cadence requires most careful attention
when the Canto Fermo is placed in the Bass. The Chord of the
Sixth, which will then appear in the Penultimate Bar, should be
written with both the Bass and the interval of the Third
doubled and caution will be necessary, not only in approaching
;
this Chord, but also in quitting it, for there is danger of letting
the Diminished Fifth upon the Leading Note be preceded or
followed by the Perfect Fifth upon the Tonic, neither of which
progressions can be tolerated in Five- Part work.
But, wherever the Canto Fermo is placed, the Final Chord
must always be complete; i.e., it must contain the Third, the
Fifth, and the Octave above the Bass and, in order to ensure
;
this when the Canto Fermo is in some other Part than the Bass,
the Penultimate Chord should be written with a doubled Octave,
or, if that is impossible, with Octave and Unison, e.g.
C.F.
%-
:oz2i
o C.F.
C.F.
C.F.
~rjr_ :effi2i
Q_
&
Examples of the First Species of Strict Counterpoint
in Five Parts.
o
I
tmm -Gt
~o
-Q-
O ,
w IS>
C.F.
m o_
=^ E^=t=l
* These Imitations should not escape notice. They both result from well-
considered crossings of the Parts.
1
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 35
C.F.
It?
p
-
~ T^^J -- -r?- -s- -rr-
v-& -
*
- -^s> C3 -rr-
-T -r,-jj
jU
r- o - r-& r-
p
-
- r~
4ft- '
- r? '
'
..
^o . .
. Ls L^ T
36 strict counterpoint.
Examples.
*3E
'=i :o_
2. :t=
-s^-=-
^=il
s
2=& 2:
C.F.
H
a-o-
^ 1=F T=P
=fc 32:
H^Te -s>
Sfc
i#*ifS
a 1
-1
**-
1
p
\
e=e=
etA=^=
M.. si; =F P 1 ^
C.F.
fc2
SA* ^
^33=3
:
o
i
:
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 37
J*
8 ^^? -
3ee:
-p-
p^gf
iff ^ :ta:
ggpgp^pg: o
e3 jh-^-frH-^-fl
V ^iiru*
p
Blu*S*-&:
cr
s
^ :p- ^
M=^=^: -*=
ii: :t=
C.F.
m t=si
m =i"
E
S^E
=
:pz=ra -*=Ml r
~^- -P G- -JZT-
+*-
^tfP=
m
fe1 ^-l
H 1 ^~ 3=:
^-ziz:
PC
38 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
iifi
-G> m -
335
H33=E&Es
,-<S>
fct
^- ^
khfcT
^^; gg^E E^
S
_o: =i" :pzz|=p: ^=p=r=t
^t^
s
^=o: :c2i
i
p=^:
is^E*=^==-^i
p
:^
e
*-:- ?
S^ [_
I
f.
-I F*G>
P \-&
h-fS
:pz:
H
ltd?
K^^ -I PC
'L?
h- y= -d:
i 3
STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
39
CHAPTER VII.
Six-Part Counterpoint.
Examples.
7^
W
s<
<"->
1
G>
<5>
6>
F^
1==l^l
EE==EiJ
rj
4f G> <z>
<o s> G>
M<^ 1
S>
(S> n ~& fl
i
CF.
rj & G> _^_
4^- J
G>
& r_j r>
r-^-A C2ZZ. . 2 . .
rj
<s* 1
e>
4-o STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
^9?
t=
:?=at
fiE
2cz EE
jgj^r^ 4==*
?-.
C.F.
S:
fr-3S-
tH^E^ESm
tfhzrn --m^*=T*T-0
-Q- -<s>-
-$&- mz-rw: m-t
=t
-r-ff /~s
-fe zz^zrnn
2 & ziz:
kfcd>
ES 3|*
v:
fcSzc: Z<D~
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 4*
CHAPTER VIII.
Counterpoint in Seven and Eight Parts.
When Seven and Eight Parts are written the rules become
less rigorous.
It is then permissible to proceed from Octave to Unison, from
Unison to Octave, from Octave to Octave by Contrary Motion,
and from Fifth to Fifth by Contrary Motion.
Still, these things should not happen for more than One Bar
at a time, except between the Two Basses, which are allowed to
proceed from Octave to Unison and vice versa for several Bars
in succession, thus :
:q: m
3B2
42 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
Examples.
,
- Ptt- r-^r-
I
e>
-~- :fe O o
S- z <j ^0
L <0
*r^- <S> ri
S> ra <0
}*- rj
1
"
" --
=t
-+G-
<s> <s>
<s> Cj V
o ,,
I
>
C.F.
^^ -s>
s> ^-<s> >& o s> -
G> <o <s> ::
z2=SZ
E.
o
^ ^_
S
M=:2=E:
^^:
C.F.
1^1
:o: o
fcl-^
l ^ q^=*
"C--
sp
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 43
3=^E
p- - n w-
zrzp: ^-*
m
ff=
*
fc ^zz=i:q ~^> pre
-re~
H1
o --<<5
o Q _o...
r^npre~Ti
-f-^- re ". re
m
y
=
: t
~re
"
re
re
re
re~ "
re h
^H f
-<s>
. Q r-S _ Q _Q_ p<S ._re_ r-S?
1M^ E-zz3
Id
p<S> r ^ _^_ -re-
1
re EzE= F=F=fl
"re I
re I
re I
G> re rO
re re f-re r-
[.
1
<0 re~
-t-_re_
c^
"
re r~re~
C F.
re- re r- re
re re ?3- re c n
_S^: Ci_
r=n
^_c^_ '
re
re
. re _re re~ re
re
-^4
44 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
-:i_ --Z2Z
mm ^zzarjz*:
U~2
&2
3Zf-e
m^^ =p:
tM -I
m^ i
C.F.
9r O-
Mz-f
g^2l
Hg
K -
-pz=\=
i ^=zzzi=f:
-2_
-*- -*-
z==EE
"^ o
1=
_Q-
m i^H^^
ICT 1 Fi-h i F m-
2S Him^l
]" O
i^l^=E3^ ! I
:iza:
l
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 45
CHAPTER IX.
Counterpoint for Two Choirs.
A
fascinating and artistic form of Eight-Part writing is that in
which the Voices are arranged in Two Choirs, with Treble,
Alto, Tenor, and Bass in each.
A very large proportion of Counterpoint written in Eight
simultaneous Parts is neither necessary nor commendable. The
massive effect of Seven and Eight-Part Harmony is much
enhanced when the number of Parts has been temporarily reduced.
In the kind of work now under consideration, Responsive
effects should be sought for but the Basses must always ;
overlap, so that each Choir in turn may enter and re-enter before
the other Choir has finished its phrase and, towards the end, ;
in the Fifth.
The student will find it an interesting task to compose similar
Basses or he may use the Basses of the Second Example for
;
u
o
M Tr
-,
""
A n?
o <r> ^
ca 47 ~ <s> = 1
=
-G>
& G> iS>
w-
\J>
<"3
1
n
1 n o Q rs
E_lJ
rz
- ~ " O ~i
\\-
o ft
4
- = = = <s>
-v^ & =
C\I
,-~,\.
jAj_ ~ " n ^
I n C3
F. E Gladstone Strict Counterpoint, Part 2. Novello. D
46 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
I^Si
w
~
jz> 2
Q
Pi
Q
i=!ii
JZL.
11
^
^=S=- lH
1^1
HH^l 221
^m^m^wm^mm
^=i.^=^-^^e
(te
p _Q_ JCk-
Q
*mm iii
._-Q__,__Q_
wmm^^imm^m
ft=-i H^HIH^ &
<S>
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 47
m
9
E3z*^ =F=B=
^ ^|-P=S=P=T-~PTS
6
- r-* i 1
^
mSS
iftc
^3
:
FF
ES
1P
iE3
feSl
15
rf ^
tt
T
J
1
=
J
r> "P
-F
'
f*^
u -
ay
V
17
_ ^
_p_p___i
r h-
c
*
IE -
=| d-f-H
^~ -r
-T^-rf- '
i
'
1
1
^
1
-
1^ _ rj
r*
/-#- :
^ e>-
^-m m *-- rj
t)
xy
-1 1
1
j
I
'
Lhq
7
iu
p r~r~
ry
?r
_i
_j r=q r
'
ft-J
-&-
i-T^r
^ n
IMP
It !
1
m m
-i
-f
m -= r k
* h-J
** 1
i- _
r
i^j-o -e> r
f"J t
v
-
48 STRICT COUNTERPOINT
1 *~0- &L-?*
'-$*
fr??
b g
m -r-t
-
I
I
1
"I -+
^3 m ^ P^
i
22:
S=^=^2 ?y~~
F-r
Si i 1
-is
;* ,: o
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 49
&_^.pa
=SESE5SEEcES2E? ^EEE3 3=i=J=Z2I
1
gS^
^2.
-2- -o.
-f2 F-,-0-
^=22:
-^- -'
EE
y =-
3EE 4=t=t
^Z3C
z?^: ^3 ^1
32: :zzq:
APPENDIX.
Although Double Counterpoint and Fugue are beyond the
scope of this book, it has been thought that an example of
Eight-Part Fugue might give some assistance to those who
aspire to a Musical Degree at one of the Universities.
An Eight -Part Study in the form of a Fugue for Two Choirs
is therefore added.
In work of this kind the rules of Part-writing are still to be
obeyed but the Harmonies and Progressions may be either
;
Diatonic or Chromatic.
{Exposition.)
--*r ^=?=&r-r-*
--
*A.
a
m=:
:bfcqs
z=
c.s.
#=43=
i\4 =^E
*S = Subject; A = Answer ; C.S. - Countersubject.
&
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 51
rn
s:
sy
T""' l_
fcz
L
-ar*-Fl
S S= S=E=3B
fcF=l
*Ez*EE-tet=fe
^n > -\=^- :5:^ Efc3
i4.
C.S.
F=
i=h=P=^ -G
I H-
^
^FF ^ -g-R-t e :t:
=z
^ ^^i
c.s.
Episode,
-p- t r-ft
-P ^ r*
zt= fff^f^te
=p|ire=*a^
ES ""^
B5 >i1-44+
:^5:
*e>- ^ 1:
-* f-^iiP=Tf
-F
p^ipr
4tt-i ci---F--f
ees:
r#-Fn
P^=*#;
=K ;
:t=*:
15:
^^5
52 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
MC^4L*.
P.m
"C.S.
n=f=M ,.
^
H*-
C.S.JL,
q=^=p: - _
li
ie -^
_<
^ ^
1_ 1
a|-
K_
^EES
: ^g :s=zs
-**i^
,-4.
p=pB=.-
55
Counter Exposition.
BE
c.s.
ar^:
i :^P-
W^=^
* -P-G>- ^a
se: ^
:jp:
p
^^^gH^^i^p^
-* 0^
Xw- -/
*m
r.
"
=:
m^^m ^^-j-
gE^SE^^j
ps
_
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 53
*#-
^a
i fcz 43=t
#-*-!-
-&.&J&.-0-W
H=
^ ^sa:
EES3 IE*:
fcp:
*-- -*-#-#- -#- *_*: *-
B^E _5^
feqr^=i;
E=t==*r
*^
M=;=e
tlz w hszJJz
3a: =]?:
:t=^=^:
3
SS55
*_-.-__5: =P=rfe
Episode.
tSS^SE :~=a=t:
til
1
M
^'^m-m a--* :
=BF
-1 afc i
_*-*=J3C
^iT
3: S==j SE
kbn
tt^i^S 3=^e_*:
few
izz t~V
nP- i^EEi
333
I
5+ STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
c.s.
^^^
^bffi=bH-y=fa|^
Iff'
*-i>$^=p-r
^r- B
-
[f
\
gj=r-g
=%,
dJ |
m
-* ^=2^i 1^-
m .c.s.
3gft E
r-P~
?.
cfc
^
\
STRICT COUNTERPOINT 55
/
mt?m
BE Ft
=EEEE^I^^
-* #-p -# f*-, ^ r P-
E EzzzEi^SzEE
Jg
=:
1
S. (augmented').
P E=?EfE-Si
Imitation of S.
:f=l=ag3E|:
m S. (augmented).
-z:
0*-0 a :
Imitation of S.
je=e:,
fe=^
Rf=F*
-j. w-p j -
t=J- Imitation of S.
JL=JL J^L
Dominant Pedal.
Eci :p=Fi
S. (stretto).
-f=^r -f2- -#-
jdL
Dominant Pedal.
56 STRICT COUNTERPOINT.
r> -,
IN Imitation of S.
-^
l ?=S2Z
^Si
TUm &L-ZZMT
d
-A-^
-&? Jft. -0-
*-
*=W fc*
1^ ^S
Short Episode.
A. (augmented).
Fragment of S.
-O- --
W^ __ -*-
^ s.
^ g
-*-~*=H Ff" # "^
:j*=?zz:
fel^S ^ A. (augmented.)
=*i
S *7^ B=z=^
3=tp
=zcz=gz5=r
feiAJjjf_teafJ^it-c^:^
, o -
-, ,
mms
/,,',, sir, '/... /'. r -h-st'n ei Z7i/m
^^=iS
. r
STRICT COUNTERPOINT. 57
Coda
im i
m a r
"""*-=
mm I
-m f- -d-
^tt*-
^SE m ^
=1=
1 1- --$=*
-C^^.^ _Q_
EEE EEEEE
*
- f*-
- *-
i
=M
t? j r~^
n +-+-
^zes:
'C5;
E
NOVELLO'S
MUSIC FRIMERS AND EDUCATIONAL SERIES.
Edited by Sir JOHN STA1NER and Sir C. HUBERT H. PARRY.
HARMONY BY
D r. STAIN R.
CONTENTS.
Harmony Scales, Intervals,
Subjects included in the study of :
NOVELLO'S
MUSIC PRIMERS AND EDUCATIONAL SERIES.
Edited by Sir JOHN STAINER and Sir C. HUBERT H. PARRY.
SINGING
A. RANDEGGER
(professor of singing at the royal academy of music).
do so only as amateurs, and cannot, owing to one reason or another, place them-
selves under a master. For all such this work is specially adapted by the
simplicity of its language, the limits imposed upon its contents, and the ample
material for study and practice which it supplies. It cannot, in the nature of
things, make a perfect vocal artist ; but it can lead the earnest student, with no
other aid than its pages afford, in the direction of all the qualities necessary to
satisfy an amateur's modest ambition. This is the great merit of the book, and, if
we rightly comprehend the author, it is also the main object sought to be achieved.
. Signor Randegger fully redeems the pledge given in his preface, namely,
.
to use concise and intelligible language,' and a plain and practical style.' "
' '
Daily Telegraph.
" Altogether the book is worthy of high praise, because, while unpretentious
in its object, it attains that object with ease and perspicuity." Sunday Times.
" Few, if any, teachers of singing are more fitted for the task of writing and
compiling a vocal instruction book than is Signor Randegger. Vocal students
cannot do better than peruse this clever volume, and having practised the lessons
according to the directions given, will find themselves, if not positively finished
vocalists, far advanced on the road to that state." Graphic.
" In a compact form, and at a reasonable price, the Primer now referred to
comprises a comprehensive instruction book on the various forms of study and the
management of the voice necessary to the formation of a cultivated singer. . . .
The work can scarcely fail to be in large request among singers, professional and
amateur." Illustrated London News.
" Signor Randegger's Treatise on Singing is indubitably one of the best
works ever issued on the subject.'' Academy.
" We
have no hesitation in characterising this as one of the best books ever
iesued on the subject, and worthy to be placed on an equality with the elaborate
and expensive works of Lablache, Rubini, Garcia, or Panseron." Weakly Dispatch.
Wishing Stone (ditto) (ditto) ... i 6 Ditto (New Edition) (Sol-fa, is.) ... 2 6
H. ADAMS. Phcebus and Pan 1 6
J.
Day Summer (Female V.)
in (Sol-fa, 6J.) ... i 6 Praise our God who reigns in heaven ... 1
King Conor (Sol-fa, is.) 2 o Praise thou the Lord, Jerusalem... ... 1 o
Sages of Sheba 1 o
THOMAS ADAMS. Sing ye to the Lord (Motet) (Sol-fa, is.) i o
Cross of Christ (Sol-fa, 6d.) I o Sleepers, wake (Sol-fa, 6d.) 1 o
Golden Harvest (Sol-fa, 8d.) I o Spirit also helpeth us (Motet) 1 o
Holy Child (Christmas) (Sol-fa, 6d.) ... i o Strike, thou hour so long expfcted ... 1 o
Nativity, The (Christmas) (Sol-fa, 8d.) ... i o Stronghold sure (Choruses, Sol-fa, 6d.) ... 1 o
Rainbow of Peace (Harvest) I o There is noughtof soundness in all my body i o
Story of Calvary, The i 6 Thou Guide of Israel 1 o
A. H. ALLEN. Wailing, Crying, Mourning 1 o
Newfoundland i o Watch ye, pray ye 1 o
THOMAS ANDERTON. When will God recall my spirit 1 o
Norman Baron i o GRANVILLE BANTOCK.
Wreck of the Hesperus (Sol-fa, 4d.) ... i o Fire-Worshippers 2 6
Yule Tide i 6 J. BARNBY.
J. H. ANGER. Lord is King (Sol-fa, is.) 1 6
Song of Thanksgiving ... I o
Rebekah (Sol-fa, gd.) 1 o
J. F. BARNETT.
P. ARMES. Ancient Mariner (Sol-fa, 2s. j 3 6
Hezekiah 2 6 Paradise and the Peri o
4
St. Barnabas 2 O Wishing Bell (Female Voices) (Sol-fa, is.) 2 6
St. John the Evangelist 2 6 MARMADUKE BARTON.
A. D. ARNOTT. Mass in A major
(For Advent and Lent) ... 1
Ballad of Carmilhan (Sol-fa, is. 6d.) 2 6 ARNOLD BAX.
Young Lochinvar (Sol-fa, 6d.) 1 6 Fatherland... 1 o
E. ASPA. BEETHOVEN.
Endymion (With Recitation) 2 6 Choral Fantasia (Sol-fa, 3d.) 1 o
Gipsies I o Choral Symphony (Vocal Part) (Sol-fa, (3d.) 2 6
ASTORGA Communion Service in C 1 6
Stabat Mater I o Engedi or, David in the Wilderness ...
; 1
Nineveh A. L. COWLEY.
Rock of Ages (Latin and English) (Sol-fa, 4d )i o Harvest Covenant (Sol-fa, is.)
Song of the English (Sol-fa, 6d.)
Spider and the Fly (Female V.) (Sol-fa, 6d.) J. MAUDE CRAMENT.
Iwill magnify Thee, O God 2 6
EDWARD BROOME. Little Red Riding-hood (Female Voices) 2 o
Hymn of Trust
DUDLEY BUCK. W. CROTCH.
Palestine 3 o
Light of Asia
EDWARD BUNNETT. W. H.CUMMINGS.
Fairy Ring .. 2 6
Out of the Deep CUSINS.
W. G.
T. A. BURTON. Te Deum in B flat 1 6
Captain Reece (Boys' Voices) (Sol-FA, 6d.) I O
Martinet (Humorous Naval Cantata FELICIEN DAVID.
o Desert (Male Voices) (Sol-fa. 8d.) 1 6
for Boys) (Sol-fa, 6d.) I
First Ri M is,C minor (I. at. and Enq, bzia Borgia (Opera)
1
qi m m ( )
Psyche (Sol-fa, 2 6
Ditto (German and Bohemian Words) 3 o is. 6d.)
DYER. F. W. GALPIN.
A. E.
Elbctra of Sophocles (Male Voices) ... 1 6 Ye Olde Englyshe Pastymes (Female V.)
CEdipus at Colonos (Male Voices) 3 o Agamemnon (Greek Play) (Male Voices) ... 3 o
St. Paul (Choruses, Sol-fa, is.) 2 o Beyond these Voices there is Peace 2 6
Ditto (Pocket Edition) 1 o Birds of Aristophanes (Greek Play) (Malb) 5 o
Sing to the Lord (Psalm 98) o 8 Blest Pair of Sirens (Sol-fa, 8d.) 1
o Freedom 1
In the morning (Sol-fa, 8d.) 1
Hereward
4
E. A. NUNN. Hundredth Psalm (Sol-fa, .id ) 1 o
Mass in C 2 o Queen Aimee (Female Voices) 1 6
6 6
Wanderer's Psalm 2 Qui'. '
1/3/12.
ORATORIOS, &c Continued.
J. F. H. READ. s. d. SCHUMANN. s. d.
Springtime 1
R. H. WALTHEW.
J. STORER. Pied Piper of Hamelin 2 t
Most of the above Works may be had in paper boards at 6d. each extra, or handsomely
bound in cloth, with red or gilt edges, at is., is. 6d., or 2s. each extra.
I/3/I2-
Manufactured by
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Date Due
lETPBi
tTT
55
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p
1