Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
in the Netherlands
Policy and practice 2001
RIZA Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment
Water pollution control
in the Netherlands
Policy and practice 2001
March 2002
....................................................................
The institute collects data on and conducts research into water quality and
quantity. On the basis of these data, RIZA makes recommendations
concerning the management of inland water in the Netherlands and abroad.
This wide-ranging remit requires a multi-disciplinary approach. From
biochemists and hydrologists to computer professionals and management
experts, RIZA's staff represents a wide variety of specialisms.
RIZA was set up in 1920. Currently it has about 500 employees. The head
office is located in Lelystad. There are branches in Arnhem and Dordrecht
and monitoring stations in Lobith and Eysden.
RIZA
P.O. Box 17
NL-8200 AA Lelystad
Tel. +31 320 298411
www.riza.nl
RIZA 2
Contents
.................................................................. ..
Introduction 5
7 Outline permits 39
10 Enforcement 51
11 Charging system 55
References 59
Contents 3
.....................................................................
Annexes 61
Contents 4
Introduction
....................................................................
This booklet is entitled Water pollution control in the Netherlands, policy and
practice 2001. It describes the main features of Dutch water management
policy, and gives a more detailed account of Dutch emissions policies and
their implementation. It should be remembered, however, that some aspects
of policy and practice may change in the coming years as a result of the
implementation of the European Union Water Framework Directive.
Introduction 5
Introduction 6
I Water management in the Netherlands
....................................................................
Water has always played an important part in Dutch life. The Netherlands
(41,000 km2, including 3,000 km2 of fresh water and 4,000 km2 of salt
water) is a low-lying country in the delta of four European rivers: the Rhine,
the Meuse, the Scheldt and the Ems. It is part of the North Sea catchment
area (figure 1). More than half of the territory of the Netherlands is prone
to flooding and one-third actually lies below mean sea level. The location
of the country has endowed it with fertile soil and convenient waterways
for the conveyance of goods and people. However, it also entails the risk
of flooding when river discharges and sea levels are high.
Although water quality problems had already been identified prior to the
20th century, it was not until the 1960s that the deteriorating quality of the
surface waters really became apparent. By that time, the load of organic
pollutants was causing acute oxygen problems. Discharges of wastewater
from industry, agriculture, traffic and households also posed threats to the
surface waters. Large amounts of heavy metals, pesticides, hydrocarbons
and organic chlorine compounds were being discharged, causing the
disappearance of indigenous species, deterioration of water quality and
pollution of sediments.
By that time, in fact, pollution was serious enough to jeopardise the use of
water resources for human activities such as the provision of drinking
water, agriculture, fisheries and recreation. Effective action to combat the
threat began in 1970, the year in which the Netherlands' first real piece of
environmental legislation, the Pollution of Surface Waters Act, came into
force. The Act provided the statutory means to turn the tide of pollution
and bring about a considerable improvement in water quality.
In the 21st century, the aim is to achieve sustainable water systems and
integrated water management will therefore be organised at an (international)
river basin level. The European Union's Water Framework Directive (see
section 3) will play a major role in this respect.
NORTH SEA
Ems
THE NETHERLANDS
GERMANY
Amsterdam
Rhine
Meuse
Rhine
Scheldt
Brussel
BELGIUM
Meuse
Scheldt
LUX
Luxemburg
Meuse Rhine
FRANCE
KEY
Rhine
Rhine
Meuse
AUSTRIA
Scheldt
SWITZERLAND
Rhine
Ems Bern
ITALY
....................................................................
The most recent of these documents, the Fourth National Policy Document
on Water Management (1998-2006), entitled A Framework for Water
(NW4), is based on the strategy of integrated water management first
proposed in the previous national policy document. It focuses on an integrated
area-specific approach and the use of hydrological processes as a guiding
principal in spatial planning.
Provincial Operational
environment
programme
Water board Local land use Management plan for local and Operational
and municipality plan regional waters
Legal obligation to draft plan according to objectives and instructions of the higher level of government
Coordination obliged by law
....................................................................
Strategic Coordination
group
Lead: DGW
WG WG
Legislation International
Lead: DGW implementation Ministries
Lead: DGW
Provinces
Municipalities
WG WG
Emissions and human Monitoring & objectives Water Boards
impacts Lead: RIZA
Lead: RIZA
WG WG
Geographical assignment Economic analysis
Lead: RIZA Lead: DGW
WG WG
Communication Administrative
Lead: DGW organisation
Lead: VROM
WG WG
Information demands for GIS
RBMP (pilots) Lead: RIZA
Lead: RIZA
The NW4 includes general quality standards for surface water and sediments:
the maximum admissible risk with associated maximum permissible
concentrations and the negligible risk levels with associated target values.
The maximum admissible risk is the minimum quality objective for 2000.
The numerical values (maximum permissible concentrations) are stated in the
national policy documents on water management (see annex I) and filter
through to the water management authorities by way of the management
plans. Since this means that water management authorities have a duty to
strive to achieve the maximum permissible concentrations, it is important to
take into account the need to achieve these when formulating conditions
for individual discharge permits under the Pollution of Surface Waters Act
(see section 5). The Commission on Integrated Water Management (see
section 9) has developed an immission test that can be used for this purpose.
The maximum permissible concentrations are not yet being achieved for all
substances in all surface waters. Moreover, the longer-term aim is to achieve
the target values (the quality standards to be achieved by 2010). For this
reason, high priority continues to be attached to pollution prevention and
there must be no relaxation of effort even where concentrations of
substances are below the maximum permissible concentrations. This is to
prevent problems being passed on to other water systems. Additional
requirements and further prioritisation aimed at the eventual achievement
The general quality standards for surface water and sediment are listed in
annex I. Except in the case of the tributyltin compounds, these are identical
for fresh and salt water systems. The general quality standards for soil and
air are set out in the National Environmental Policy Plan.
via:
Concentration
in the factor 100 ALARA
environment Area-specific
prioritisation
5.1 Introduction
Dutch water management policy for the next few years is outlined in the
Fourth National Policy Document on Water Management (NW4, see
section 2). The guiding principles are:
pollution reduction;
the stand-still principle;
the polluter pays principle.
These principles apply to all sources (industrial, municipal and diffuse).
The NW4 makes a clear plea for prioritisation in the reduction of emissions,
placing a duty on water management authorities to strive to achieve the
maximum permissible concentrations (see previous section) within the plan
period. In reducing emissions, priority must be given to substances where
the maximum permissible concentrations are exceeded.
pollution reduction i p
A general approach (chain management):
step 1 prevention: source-oriented approach directed at: n r
(prevention of pollution) improved selection of base materials, additives and products
use of environmentally friendly technology in the production t i
process, corporate practices or use phase
new production process or corporate practices e o
use of process-integrated solutions
g r
step 2 re-use: recycling (re-use within the production process /corporate
(re-use of water and practices) r i
substances wherever re-use outside the production process / corporate practices
possible) reprocessing for possible re-use
a t
step 3 removal: wastewater treatment, purification
(end-of-pipe measures) t i
B substance-specific approach:
e s
1 implementation of effort to end emissions by 2020)
Esbjerg/OSPAR:
d a
BLACK-LISTED OTHER POLLUTANTS
SUBSTANCES t
organohalogenic heavy metals, sulphate, chloride,
compounds, mer- oxygen-consuming heat a i
cury, cadmium, substances, P, N,
etc. etc. p o
2 abatement based on: emissions approach emissions approach water quality p n
objectives approach
2a primary approach:
r
Best Technical Best Practicable admissibility of dis-
Means (BTM)) Means (BPM)) charges and measures
to be taken depending
o
on target environmen-
tal quality standards) a
c
2b further requirements MPCs) or other MPCs) or other
based on (=immission applicable environ- applicable environ- h
test): mental quality mental quality
standards) standards)
stand-still principle
C in case of new or no increase permit- no significant dete- no significant deterio-
increased discharges: ted within rioration permitted ration permitted in
management area in water quality water quality
) Applies at any rate to the 43 priority substances/groups of substances designated under the OSPAR
agreement (see annex II).
) The term Best Available Techniques (BAT), which is frequently used in international circles, encompasses
both BTM and BPM.
) MPCs=maximum permissible concentrations
In view of the low concentrations (largely < MPCs) in the marine environment, the obligation is to strive
to achieve the target values rather than the MPCs (letter of 18 October 1996 from the Environment
Minister to the Lower House of the Dutch parliament).
) In the case of indirect discharges subject to PSWA permits, the immission test or water quality objectives
approach encompasses measures to safeguard the efficient functioning of the relevant urban waste-
water treatment plant as well as the protection of the receiving surface water.
B. Substance-specific approach
1 Implementation of Esbjerg/OSPAR agreements
During the fourth North Sea Ministerial Conference in Esbjerg (1995), it
was agreed to strive for a continuous reduction of emissions, discharges
and losses of hazardous substances (irrespective of source) thereby moving
towards the target of their cessation within one generation (25 years) with
the ultimate aim of concentrations in the environment near background
values for naturally occurring substances and close to zero concentrations
for man-made synthetic substances. Over the next few years, international
efforts will be made to identify the substances involved and establish the
priorities for tackling them. In 1998, as the first stage of the implementation
of the Esbjerg Declaration, 15 substances/groups of substances were
designated under the OSPAR Convention to be the subject of an effort to
end discharges by 2020. In 2000 and 2001, OSPAR expanded this list to
include a further 12 and later 16 substances (see annex II).
Emissions approach
The emissions approach is followed in virtually all instances, not only
of pollution by substances included in List 1 of Council Directive 76/464/EEC
or in the list of 132 substances (which are considered 'black-listed' in the
Netherlands), but also of pollution of most 'other substances' (see box).
The emissions approach implies that efforts must be made to prevent
pollution of surface waters irrespective of the water quality objectives to be
achieved. In the case of black-listed substances (and those with comparable
characteristics), this means that the Best Technical Means (BTM*) are to be
applied, whereas in the case of the other substances to which the emissions
approach applies the requirement is for an abatement effort based on the
Best Practicable Means (BPM*).
* Best Practicable Means (BPM) are defined as: 'Those techniques which can be used to achieve
the greatest reduction in emissions, taking account of economic aspects (i.e. the best techniques
that are financially acceptable to a normal company)'.
Best Technical Means (BTM) are defined as: 'Those techniques which can feasibly be used, at a
higher cost, to achieve an even greater reduction in emissions'. However, it is apparent from
the jurisprudence that it is not intended that financial and economic aspects should play no
part whatsoever in defining the BTM in a particular case.
The term Best Available Techniques (BAT), which is frequently used in international circles,
encompasses both BTM and BPM.
Other substances
For the majority of the other substances, the requirement is for abate-
ment through application of BPM. This primarily concerns substances
which are relatively harmful and are characterised by persistence and/or
toxicity: heavy metals not included in the black list, certain types of organic
micropollutants, cyanide, ammonia, oxygen-consuming substances and
nutrients (phosphate and nitrate).
In the case of these substances not on the black list, the impact of the stand-
still principle lies primarily in the duty of the water management authority
to monitor surface water quality in its management area, to identify any
significant deterioration, and to examine the possible causes in order to
assess whether the deterioration can be prevented or is acceptable.
....................................................................
Since 1 March 1993, the PSWA has contained provision for general regulations
to be made under a general administrative order (amvb) to control specific
designated discharges. These general regulations can (at least partly)
replace the individual duty to obtain a permit.
At the time of writing in 2001, general administrative orders are in force
under the PSWA (and other statutes) in relation to the prevention of water
pollution from:
greenhouse horticulture (1994);
materials to be used for construction work in surface waters (1995);
soil remediation and the associated removal of contaminated ground-
water (1997);
domestic sewage (1997);
cleaning and conservation of bridges, sluices, landing stages, etc.
(1998);
field crops and livestock farming (2000).
PSWA Coordination
Pollution of Surface Waters Act, 1970 of EMA
permitting Environmental Management
s. 1a: Limit values (17 ministerial decrees on by Act (air, waste, soil,
dangerous substances) provinces noise), 1993
s. 18: General basis for charges relating to
state and regional waters Annual environmental reporting for
s. 19: Criteria for charges payable to central main industrial sources (approx. 300)
government
....................................................................
New ways are being sought to control emissions and achieve ongoing
improvements in environmental quality. The National Environmental Policy
Plan of 1989 outlines a strategy for ensuring the environmental sustainability
of Dutch society but this will require a considerable effort. The only way to
make real progress is to develop new and cleaner processes and to supplement
or replace end-of-pipe measures by 'in process' solutions and preventive
action. This requires long-term planning and closer harmonisation with
corporate investment cycles.
A command and control approach is not an effective way to achieve this
long-term goal. Such an approach will not stimulate industry to identify
big step solutions. Rather, it will encourage end-of-pipe solutions which
result in small step improvements. When environmental performance is
already moderately high, further steps to achieve sustainable industrial
development will become very expensive for industry.
This mix of instruments presents great potential advantages for all parties
involved. The introduction of environmental management systems, compiling
of environmental plans and drafting of annual environmental reports
certainly imposes a considerable burden on companies but, in return, they
benefit from the greater degree of flexibility allowed by outline permits.
These enable them to respond more quickly to market developments by
launching modified products, since their environmental permits no longer
need to be amended to take account of minor changes in the production
process. What is more, outline permits can produce cost savings, since they
allow companies to time their environmental investments to coincide more
closely with their corporate investment cycles. Finally, the inclusion of an
outline permit in the mix of instruments encourages companies to make
further improvements in their environmental performance.
1 : laggards authorities:
company: 3 company:
authorities:
1
negative attitude,
distrust
....................................................................
For many years, industrial discharges were seen as the main causes of
poor water quality in the Netherlands. But water quality has now been
substantially improved and industry is no longer the main source of pollution.
Increasingly, it is diffuse sources that are dominating the load to surface
waters and causing breaches of water quality objectives.
The main causes of diffuse pollution of surface water are the extensive use
of agricultural fertilisers and pesticides, corrosion of building materials
(copper and zinc), leaching of PAHs and metals out of impregnated bank
protection materials, the use of anti-fouling paint on boats, cargo residues,
the use of zinc sacrificial anodes to protect vessels against corrosion, and
atmospheric deposition. In addition, stormwater overflows produce major
emissions of nutrients, oxygen-consuming substances and organic and
inorganic micropollutants.
The objectives with regard to diffuse sources are spelled out in the Fourth
National Policy Document on Water Management (NW4), the Action
Programme on Diffuse Sources (1997) and national and regional water
quality management plans. The main priorities are:
to reduce agricultural emissions;
to promote use of sustainable materials in new building and renovation
projects;
to promote sustainable practices in inland navigation;
to encourage sustainable shipbuilding and vessel maintenance;
to improve waste collection from commercial vessels and pleasure craft;
to reduce the use of chemical weedkillers in urban areas; and
to reduce emissions to the air (and hence atmospheric deposition).
Given that the main impact of pollution from diffuse sources is on regional
water quality, a regional approach is the obvious solution. Such an approach
will take account of local circumstances. Measures will be based not only on
statutory instruments; public information campaigns, research, demonstration
projects, covenants with target groups, monitoring and financial instruments
(levies and subsidies) will also be important. Measures of this kind can be
used at all levels of government. The choice of instruments and the timing
of their use will depend on the specific situation. In addition, a number of
general administrative orders have come into force over recent years which
can be used to tackle the diffuse pollution of surface water in a generic
way. There are decrees of this kind relating to matters such as greenhouse
horticulture, field crops and livestock farming and materials to be used for
construction work in surface waters (see also section 6).
industry
13
direct diffuse 14
sources
background 15
loads
1 atmospheric deposition
2 groundwater
3 discharges/drifting
4 erosion
5 drainage
6 run-off from soil
7 run-off from imperm. surfaces
8 separate storm sewer
9 UWTP discharges
10 stormwater overflow
11 untreated discharges
12 not connected
13 direct discharges from industry
14 direct diffuse discharges
15 background loads
....................................................................
Most of the preparatory work relating to the CIW's reports and recommen-
dations is done by five 'working groups' (see figure 9). Each of these deals
with a specific aspect of integrated water management, but not of course in
isolation. The tasks of the working group on Water and the Environment
are:
to devise programmes or guidelines to reduce or eliminate discharges
of oxidising substances, nutrients, micropollutants and other types of
pollution to sewers and surface water;
to standardise or streamline technical regulations applying to permits
under the Pollution of Surface Waters Act and concerning the reduction
of discharges to sewers and surface water;
to coordinate technical and policy aspects of enforcement relating to
discharges to sewers and surface water;
to coordinate and stimulate research on diffuse sources of water
pollution, and to initiate measures to combat such pollution;
to comment on, and if necessary initiate, international proposals and
developments, and to indicate effects on the implementation of
The membership of the working group is broader than that of the CIW
itself: it includes representatives of industry, the Dutch federation of
agricultural and horticultural organisations (LTO) and the environmental
movement. This participation by non governmental organisations guarantees
broad-based support for CIW recommendations.
1. Institutional
aspects of water
management
2. Water and
5. Monitoring spatial
and evaluation planning
Commission
on Integrated
Water Management
4. Water
3. Water in
and the
urban areas
environment
....................................................................
Instruments of enforcement
Administrative
Judicial instruments
instruments
Warning Fines
Amendment Closure
Financial damages
....................................................................
The Pollution of Surface Waters Act (PSWA) provides that all dischargers to
surface waters and to the sewerage system (households as well as industries)
are liable to pay a pollution levy. Under these provisions, wastewater charges
have been levied since 1971 by central government authorities for discharges
to state waters, and by regional water boards for discharges to the non-state
surface waters and sewerage systems.
The essentials of the charging systems for all discharges are laid down in
the PSWA. Directorate-General for Public Works and Water Management
(Rijkswaterstaat) is responsible for imposing and collecting charges for
discharges to state waters. Since 1993 the relevant pollution parameters
and the tariff for discharges to state waters have required the approval of
Parliament, whereas previously it was the sole responsibility of
Rijkswaterstaat.
For the non-state waters, the imposition and collection of charges is in the
hands of the water boards. They have the same responsibilities in relation
to discharges to non-state waters as Rijkswaterstaat has for discharges to
state waters, but are free to set tariffs as they see fit.
In general terms, charges (for both direct and indirect discharges to non-
state and state waters) are calculated by multiplying the pollution load
expressed in pollution units (p.u.) by the unit tariff (for state waters about
32/p.u. in 2001). They relate to discharges of oxygen-consuming
substances and heavy metals (see figure 11). The PSWA also allows the
water boards to adjust the pollution levy to take account of chloride,
sulphate, phosphorous and silver.
Under the PSWA, the maximum assessment for households is 3 p.u. This is
now the standard basis for charges to households, although it can be reduced
to 1 p.u. for one-person households on request. However, there is some
variation between regions in this respect.
Oxygen-consuming substances
where:
P = number of p.u. of oxygen-consuming substances
COD = chemical oxygen demand
N = Kjeldahl nitrogen
Heavy metals
For the heavy metals mercury, cadmium and arsenic, one p.u. represents a total
yearly amount of 0.1 kg (1 p.u. of mercury, cadmium and arsenic = 0.1 kg/year).
where:
P = number of p.u. of mercury, cadmium and arsenic
For the heavy metals chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc, one p.u. represents a
total yearly amount of 1 kg (1 p.u. of chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc =
1 kg/year).
total amount of discharged chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc in kg/year
P=
levy standard amount (= 1 kg/year)
where:
P = number of p.u. of chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc
In calculating the amount of heavy metals discharged, a deduction is made for the
amount of heavy metals taken into account when calculating the amount of oxygen-
consuming substances discharged.
....................................................................
New deal with an old enemy: water management in the Netherlands: past,
present and future, RIZA, June 1999.
References 59
References 60
Annexes
....................................................................
Annexes 61
Annexes 62
Annex I Integrated environmental quality objectives
....................................................................
Maximum Permissible Concentration (MPC) and Target Value for Surface Water and Sediment
Ref: Staatscourant, The Netherlands, June 2000.
Hallmarks for compounds in water systems (MPC: short term, Target value: long term).
The values for total water apply to the standard containing 30 mg/l suspended solids.
The values for sediment apply to the standard containing 10 % organic matter and 25 % lutum.
For standard suspended solids (20% organic material and 40% lutum) the values for metals
are a factor of 1.5 higher and for organic compounds a factor of 2 higher compared to the
values for sediment.
The target value and the MPC for metals include the national background concentration.
ORGANIC SUBSTANCES
PAHs g/l g/l g/l mg/kg mg/kg
naphthalene 1.2 0.01 1.2 0.001 * 0.1 *
anthracene 0.07 0.0008 0.08 0.001 * 0.1 *
phenanthrene 0.3 0.003 0.3 0.005 * 0.5 *
fluoranthene 0.3 0.005 0.5 0.03 * 3*
benzo(a)anthracene 0.01 0.0003 0.03 0.003 * 0.4 *
chrysene 0.3 0.009 0.9 0.1 * 11 *
benzo(k)fluoranthene 0.04 0.002 0.2 0.02 * 2*
benzo(a)pyrene 0.05 0.002 0.2 0.003 * 3*
Annex I 63
SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER SEDIMENT
Annex I 64
SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER SEDIMENT
Annex I 65
SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER SEDIMENT
OTHER POLLUTANTS
not based on ecotoxicological risk thresholds
g/l g/l g/l mg/kg mg/kg
NTA .. .. 200 .. ..
mineral oil .. .. .. 50 1000
Annex I 66
SURFACE SURFACE WATER SEDIMENT
WATER
background
GENERAL PARAMETERS concentration TARGET TARGET
North Sea VALUE MPC VALUE MPC
.................... .......... ...... .... ...... .......
nutrients &
eutrophication
parameters
Ortho-phosphate (mg P/l) 0.02 (w) .. .. .. ..
total phosphate (mg P/l) .. 0.05 (z) 0.15 (z) .. ..
DIN (nitrate+nitrite+ 0.15 (w) .. .. .. ..
ammon.) mg N/l
total nitrogen (mg N/l) .. 1 (z) 2.2 (z) .. ..
nitrate (mg N/l) .. .. .. .. ..
ammonia (mg N/l) .. .. 0.02 .. ..
ammonium compounds .. .. .. .. ..
(mg N/l)
chlorophyl-a (g/l) .. .. 100 (z) .. ..
salts
chloride (mg Cl/l) .. .. 200 .. ..
fluoride (mg F/l) .. .. 1.5 500 (mg/kg)*** ..
bromide (mg Br/l) .. .. 8 20 (mg/kg) ..
sulphate (mg SO4/l) .. .. 100 .. ..
total sulfides (g S/l) .. .. .. 2 (mg/kg) ..
background background
GENERAL PARAMETERS concentration TARGET concentration TARGET
(continued) North Sea VALUE MPC North Sea VALUE MPC
.................... .......... ...... ..... .......... ...... ....
radioactivity
parameters
(1Bq = 27 pCi) mBq/l mBq/l mBq/l Bq/kg Bq/kg Bq/kg
Total -activity 500 100 .. .. .. ..
rest -activity 300 200 .. .. .. ..
tritium-activity 10,000 10,000 .. .. .. ..
radium-226 5 5 .. .. .. ..
strontium-90 15 10 .. .. .. ..
cesium-137 20 .. .. .. 40 ..
lead-210 .. .. .. 100 100 ..
polonium-210 .. .. .. 100 100 ..
cobalt-58 .. .. .. 10 10 ..
cobalt-60 .. .. .. 10 10 ..
iodium-131 .. .. .. .. 20 ..
other -radiators .. .. .. <2 2 ..
Annex I 67
SURFACE WATER
bacteriological parameters
thermotolerant coli's (80 perc., MPN/ml) .. 20
enteroviruses / phages .. not present in 10 l
Key
Annex I 68
Annex II Priority substances in the field of water policy
....................................................................
Isoproturon
Diuron
Annex II 69
OSPAR list of chemicals for priority action
Identified at 1998
Identified at 2000
2,4,6-tri-tert-butylphenol
4-tert-butyltoluene
1,2,3,4,5,5-hexachloro-1,3-cyclopentadiene
Dicofol
Endosulphan
HMDS (Hexamethyldisiloxane)
Methoxychlor
Octylphenol
TBBA (Tetrabromobisphenol-a)
Trichlorobenzene
1,2,4-trichlorobenzene
1,3,5-trichlorobenzene
Identified at 2001
Pentabromoethylbenzene
1,3,5-tribromo-2-(2,3-dibromo-2-methylpropoxy)benzene
EPN (phosphonothioic acid, phenyl-, O-ethyl O-(4-nitrophenyl) ester)
Flucythrinate
Heptachloronorbornene
Isodrin
Heptachloronaphthalene
Hexachloronaphthalene
Octachloronaphthalene
Tetrachloronaphthalene
Trichloronaphthalene
Neodecanoic acid, ethenyl ester
Pentachloroanisole
Triphenylphosphine
Tetrasul
N,N'-bis[(5-isocyanato-1,3,3-trimethylcyclohexyl)methyl]-urea
Annex II 70
Annex III 132 black-listed substances
....................................................................
1* aldrin
2 amino-4-chlorophenol, 2-
3 anthracene
4 arsenic [and compounds]
5 azinphos-ethyl
6 azinphos-methyl
7 benzene
8 diaminodiphenyl, 4,4'- (benzidine)
9 chlorotoluene, alpha- (benzylchloride)
10 dichlorotoluene, alpha, alpha- (benzylidenechloride)
11 biphenyl
12 * cadmium [and compounds]
13 * tetrachloromethane (carbon tetrachloride)
14 trichloroethanal (chloral, trichloroacetaldehyde)
15 chlordane
16 chloroacetic acid
17 chloroaniline, 2-
18 chloroaniline, 3-
19 chloroaniline, 4-
20 chlorobenzene
21 chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, 1-
22 chloroethanol, 2-
23 * trichloromethane (chloroform)
24 chloro-3-methylphenol, 4-
25 chloronaphthalene, 1-
26 chloronaphthalene [all isomers]
27 chloro-2-nitroaniline, 4-
28 chloronitrobenzene, 2-
29 chloronitrobenzene, 3-
30 chloronitrobenzene, 4-
31 chloro-2-nitrotoluene, 4-
32 chloronitrotoluene [all isomers]
33 chlorophenol, 2-
34 chlorophenol, 3-
35 chlorophenol, 4-
36 chloro-1,3-butadiene, 2- (chloroprene)
37 chloropropene, 3- (allylchloride)
38 chlorotoluene, 2-
39 chlorotoluene, 3-
40 chlorotoluene, 4-
41 chloro-4-aminotoluene, 2- (chloro-4-toluidine, 2-)
42 chloroaminotoluene [all isomers] (chlorotoluidine)
43 cumafos
44 trichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 2,4,6- (cyanuricchloride)
45 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4- (d, 2,4-)
46 * ddt
47 demeton
48 dibromoethane, 1,2-
49 dibutyltinchloride
50 dibutyltinoxide
51 dibutyltin salt [all]
52 dichloroaniline [all isomers]
Annex III 71
53 dichlorobenzene, 1,2-
54 dichlorobenzene, 1,3-
55 dichlorobenzene, 1,4
56 dichlorodiaminodiphenyl [all] (dichlorobenzidine)
57 bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether
58 dichloroethane, 1,1-
59 * dichloroethane, 1,2-
60 dichloroethene, 1,1- (vinylideenchloride)
61 dichloroethene, 1,2-
62 dichloromethane (methylenechloride)
63 dichloronitrobenzene [all isomers]
64 dichlorophenol, 2,4-
65 dichloropropane, 1,2-
66 dichloro-2-propanol, 1,3-
67 dichloropropene, 1,3-
68 dichloropropene, 2,3-
69 dichlorophenoxypropanoic acid, 2,4- (dichlorprop)
70 dichlorvos
71 * dieldrin
72 diethylamine
73 dimethoate
74 dimethylamine
75 disulfoton
76 endosulfan
77 * endrin
78 epichlorohydrine
79 ethylbenzene
80 fenitrothion
81 fenthion
82 heptachlor
83 * hexachlorobenzene
84 * hexachlorobutadiene
85 * hexachlorocyclohexane
86 hexachloroethane
87 isopropylbenzene (cumene)
88 linuron
89 malathion
90 methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2- (mcpa)
91 methyl-4-chlorophenoxypropanoic acid, 2- (mcpp)
92 * mercury [and compounds]
93 methamidophos
94 mevinphos
95 monolinuron
96 naphtalene
97 omethoate
98 oxydemeton-methyl
99 pah [6 of borneff]
100 parathion-ethyl
101 pcb
102 * pentachlorophenol
103 foxim
104 propanil
105 pyrazone (chloridazon)
106 simazine
107 trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5- (2,4,5-t)
108 tetrabutyltin
109 tetrachlorobenzene, 1,2,4,5-
110 tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2,2-
111 * tetrachloroethylene
112 toluene
Annex III 72
113 triazophos
114 tributylphosphate
115 tributyltinoxide
116 trichlorofon
117 * trichlorobenzene [all isomers]
118 * trichlorobenzene, 1,2,4-
119 trichloroethane, 1,1,1-
120 trichloroethane, 1,1,2-
121 * trichloroethylene
122 trichlorophenol [all isomers]
123 trichlorotrifluoroethane, 1,1,2-
124 trifluralin
125 triphenyltin acetate
126 triphenyltin chloride
127 triphenyltin hydroxide
128 chloroethene (vinylchloride)
129 xylene [all isomers]
130 * isodrin
131 atrazine
132 bentazone
Annex III 73
Annex III 74
Annex IV Types of industry designated under the Industries Order
(Amvb-inrichtingen)
....................................................................
Annex IV 75
Annex I 76