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Lecture no. 2:
pd
t ln t
h h h
ai ln ai ln ai ln
leff leff leff
t t t
leff
h / 2
The effective span: leff = ln + a1 + a2 a i = min ,
t / 2
pdleff/2
VEd
0,2MEd,max
MEd
MEd,max
Wrmedmmung-
thermal insulation
Stahlbetonplatte-
rc. slab
b=t (in figure on page 3)= support length
Concrete fyd
Steel
-the cross-section has vertical symmetry axis
-plane sections remain plane after deformation
-perfect bound between concrete and the surfice of the steel
(no slip of steel occurs)
Special case:
if s=s1 and c= 3,5%o than
x
xc =xco o = co = 0,49 for steel B60.50
d
Equilibrium conditions: As
1): N= 0
2): Mi= 0
i: any point in the plane
(generally the centroid of the compression
zone or that of the tension steel (s)
xc
Ms= 0 M Ed bx c f cd (d )=0
2
2M Ed
x c = d (1 1 2
) x co if not xc= xco MRd,o=bxcofcd(d-xco/2)
bd f cd
M Ed
Mc= 0 A s = A s, min MRd= MEd- MRd,o
zf yd
z=d-xc/2 Ms= 0: MRd=As fydzs As
N= 0: As fyd+bxcofcd= Asfyd As
in case of in case of
x>xco: x< xco:
560 560
s = 700 ,s = 700
c c
Compr. trajectories
Section:
M Ed
Variant 1: As = (frequently used in practice)
z o f yd
M Ed
Variant 2: z= d(1- co ) to get better approximation for the
2 M Rd , o
internal lever arm z
M
A s = Ed
zf yd
C20/25-32/KK
B 60.50
cnom: 20 mm (conc. cover
leff = 3.5+min 2
2
0,35
0,226
} = 3.76 m
2
Calculation of MRd
Supposing, that c < c0 (the tension steel yields at rupture of the concrete):
942 435
N = 0 ): Nc=Ns fcdxcb = Asfyd x c = = 123 mm
250 13,3
x 123
Check: c = c = = 0,394 < c0 = 0,49 (DA. Page 7. ) OK!
d 312
( M c = 0 ):
xc 123
MRd = Nsz = Asfyd z z =d = 312 = 251mm
2 2
MRd = 942 435 251 = 102,66 10 6 Nmm = 102,66 kNm > MEd = 88,36 kNm