EEE G581

RESEARCH PRACTICE
Rahul Gupta Roshan Jayswal
BITS Pilani ID:2016H124055P ID:2016H124056P
BITS Pilani, Pilani
Pilani Campus
 PATIENT HEALTH
MONITORING BASED
BITS Pilani ON IOT
Pilani Campus
FLOW OF PRESENTATION
Introduction

Block diagram

Flow Chart

Circuit designing

Simulation of circuit diagram

Breadboard implementation

Challenges to IOT

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Struggle in selecting Topic

First we , decided to link IOT with cellular communications. After doing some studies
we came to know that in IOT we require a very large amount data, so 4G cant help
us. If we want to link IOT with cellular communications we need to shift from 4G to
5G.

Later on , we decided to make Women Saftey Device Using IOT

After that we decided to make a Garbage System Using IOT

Finally we concluded to make Health Monitoring System Using IOT

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5G WITH IOT
Wireless cellular technologies have found firm ground and enormous potential as key
enablers for IOT today due to its ubiquitous connectivity.

The challenge for the cellular industry now is to unlock the value of this interconnected
web of devices in a manner that is secured, flexible, low power and easy to provision,
manage and scale while delivering robustness and acceptable latencies in performance.

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 This IoT emphasis is clear in the 5G use-case model developed by the International
Telecommunication Union, the United Nations-affiliated standard-setting organization that has
defined 5G requirements.
5G calls for networks able to support up to 1 million devices per square kilometer, 10 times more
than with 4G.
The key mechanism enabling this category of use case is low latency, with 5G requirements
specifying down to a 1 millisecond (msec) round-trip time from device to base station thats at least
10 times faster than with 4G.

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 5G IOT Enhanced Mobile Broadband

UHD
Virtual
Reality

Smart Industry
Home/Buildings Automation

Smart Self-Driving
Cities car

Massive Machine Type Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency

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IEEE Paper

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Introduction
WHAT IS IOT(Internet Of Things) ?
The Internet of Things (IoT) is the network of physical objects which
are embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity, which enables these objects to collect and exchange data.
The Internet of Things allows objects to be sensed and controlled
remotely across existing network infrastructure, creating opportunities for
more-direct integration between the physical world and computer-based
systems
Internet of Things (IoT) is can be said the expansion of internet services.
It provides a platform for communication between objects where objects
can organize and manage themselves.
It makes objects themselves recognizable.
The internet of things allows everyone to be connected anytime and
anywhere.

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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
WHY WE SELECTED THIS TOPIC ?
Keeping track of the health status of the your patient at home is a difficult task.

Specially old age patients should be periodically monitored and their loved ones need
to be informed about their health status from time to time.

So we propose an innovative system that automated this task with ease.

In this modern era of automation and advanced computing the social and commercial
needs of mankind are changing very frequently.

It seems that this Topic is going to be more challenging and Learning , and more
the current trend is working on it.

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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
IOT ARCHITECTURE
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 A web server is a system which hosts websites and provides services for any
requesting clients.

The general purpose webserver composes of an operating system, web pages or

web applications and a huge amount of memory and sometimes a special
hardware.

The embedded web server is the combination of embedded device and Internet
technology, which provides a flexible remote device monitoring.

An embedded web server is an ARM processor that contains an internet

software suite as well as application code for monitoring and controlling
machines/systems.

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Block Diagram

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Description of Block Diagram
Transformer that we are using is a step-down transformer which converts 230v AC to 12v
AC.

Bridge rectifier is used to convert AC voltage into DC voltage.

From 78XX series which provides constant positive voltage. We selected 7805 which
provides constant +5V at the output.

Capacitor at the input and output of 7805 is going to act like a filter. This +5v is given
to microcontroller.

We need one more regulator because Wifi(ESP2886) module needs 3.3v at the output

LCD display to display heart-beats and temperature of Human-Body

Keypad to set the upper and Lower limit of heart-beat and temperature of human-body
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 FLOW-CHART
PATIENT
WITH
SENSORS
ATTACH TO
BODY

NETWORK GATEWAY
SYSTEM IDENTIFIES
NETWORK ID OF PATIENT

PARAMETER VALUES
MONITORED BY PC
INFORMATION
IS SENT TO
DOCTOR AND
PARAMETER OTHER
NO VALUES EXCEED CRITICAL AUTHORITIES
VALUE

YES
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CIRCUIT DESIGNING(1)

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CIRCUIT DESIGNING(2)

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CIRCUIT DESIGNING (3)

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CIRCUIT DESIGNING (4)

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CIRCUIT DESIGNING (5)

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CIRCUIT DESIGNING (6)

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HOW HEART-BEAT SENSOR WORKS ?

In order to detect the pulse we will pass light (using an LED) from one side of the finger and measure the intensity
of light received on the other side (using an LDR).

Whenever the heart pumps blood more light is absorbed by increased blood cells and we will observe a decrease
in the intensity of light received on the LDR. As a result the resistance value of the LDR increases.

This variation in resistance is converted into voltage variation using a signal conditioning circuit usually an OP-AMP

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Simulation Of Circuit Diagram

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Breadboard implementation

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ATMEGA-328 CODE

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What we are planning to do?
We are planning to develop a model which can measure heartbeats and temperature of body
patient . So for that purpose we are using temperature sensor LM35 to measure the
temperature of the body.

We are also going to use the heart-beat sensor which measures the heart-beat of the person.

We are going to write code , in which are going to set the upper and lower limits of both body-
temperature of the patient and heat-beats of the patient. If the body-temperature or the
heartbeats of the patient goes above or below the particular threshold than an alarm will ring.

We are planning to use a GSM Module which will immediately send messages to the doctors
whose numbers is already registered, so that the immediate action can be taken.

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Work done
CIRCUIT DESIGNING

SIMULATION

BREADBOARD IMPLEMENTATION

CODE DEBUGGING

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Work Remaining

SOLDERING

PROGRAM LOADING

INTERFACE WITH IOT GEEKO WEBSITE

INTERFACING GSM MODULE

COMMAND FOR GSM

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Problems Faced During Actual Implementation
Designing circuit and simulating it (Repeatedly doing this process).

Simulation of this is also challenging task, because we dont have an in-built heart-
beat sensor in the Proteus software that we are using for simulation purpose.

Programming ATMEGA is also a little bit challenging , Because we have to study

the architecture of ATMEGA (how many special purpose registers it has).

Debugging of the code.

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Opportunities in IOT

Road Accident Mitigation and Precision Agriculture

Transportation Safety. To improve crop-planning, to facilitate the
Collecting the data makes it possible to take better infield management decisions, to
safety measures like, alarming the driver or provide precise farm records, to minimize
responsible authorities, intelligently the usage of fertilizers and pesticides to
stopping the vehicle, restricting the the optimum level, to maximize profit
fatigued driver margin and finally to reduce
from environmental pollution.

Enviornment Monitoring
To predict the climatic changes and to deal with
the natural calamities like, cyclones, flood,
drought, etc. In these countries, the system
needs to be fairly cheap and easily maintainable.
So, usage of IoT in environment monitoring can
open a new era of opportunities

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Challenges to IOT
LOW POWER IS A PARAMOUNT

Many of the connected devices Installation maintenance

within IOT are nodes containing and repair of the battery is
sensors , wireless devices that difficult and costly
collect data.

By using energy harvesting to Our goal is to never

extend battery life, a battery have to replace a
could last 20 to 30 years until battery for a life-time
the entire node needs to be odf a device.
replaced

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SENSING IS ESSENTIAL
Without sensing, there will
be no IOT.
When you get so much
information, at what point is the
information too much or not
relevant?. We need to develop
an strong and powerful
algorithm .
The entire IoT system starts with
sensors, the tiny devices or nodes
measuring anything and everything
to create data that is sent to other
nodes or to the cloud.
Sensing comes into play
when a decision needs to
be made, and there might
not necessarily be a
person involved
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Security is crucial for widespread adoption

This will lead to loss of

If the IOT devices are poorly
secured, cyber attackers will
use them as entry points to
cause harm to other devices
in the network.
personal data out into the
public and the entire trust
factor between internet
connected devices and people
using them will deteriorate

The worldwide spend for the

IoT security market will reach
$348 million in 2016, a rise of
23.7% from $281.5 million in
2015

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Future Work
There are innovative new product classes that are being developed in the area of
healthcare. Some of the product categories that are expanding their reach and
providing major value in this area are the following:

Blood pressure monitors

Glucose monitoring
Hearing aids
Defibrillators
Electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors
Insulin pumps
Pulse oximetry

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ABOVE circuit is used in ECG to remove all types
of noise present in the signal detected by a
heart-beat sensor.

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Applications

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BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
SMART GARBAGE BINS: Garbage bins in city are not built by demand, and most of time the
collecting trucks routes and schedule are fixed which is not optimal for a smooth collection.
Smart garbage cans can signal to the waste management agent when the garbage can is full and
in need of service, the best collection route will be calculated and delivered to the drivers.
Historical collection data can provide optimized routes and guide on the right-size garbage can for
each location. Charging for this service can be done on sensor amount or on monthly fee basis.

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Smart agriculture
Farming industry is a sector with slim margins, and the way to survive in this industry is to
optimize the general agriculture production including crops and livestock. Developing a sensor
function to ensure the feeding of cattle has an optimized mix of nutritions to improve the yields
from farming, and to reduce the waste of cattle feed. Installing sensors in the farming equipment
that mix the cattles feed, through sensors measurements the variation in the cattle diet can
quickly be identified, assessed and corrected.

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IOT APPLIANCES
Conventionally, smart home application are deployed on short range technologies like Z-Wave,
Zigbee but a home gateway is needed. In the case, where the appliance is embedded with an NB-
IoT chipset the benefits are surprising. For example, management becomes more efficient through
improvements in big data analysis. IoT appliance mainly comprises of LPWA applications that aims
to provide intelligence for the user through sensors and devices that are found in the local area.

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Wearables

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Smart bicycle

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References

(1) DONG Jun, ZHANG Jia-wei1, ZHU Hong-hai1, WANG Li-ping, LIU Xia, LI Zhen-
jiang, Wearable ECG Monitors and Its Remote Diagnosis Service Platform, IEEE
Intelligent Systems, 2011
(2) Xin Liu, Yuanjin Zheng, Myint Wai Phyu, F. N. Endru, V. Navaneethan, and Bin Zhao,
An Ultra-Low Power ECG Acquisition and Monitoring ASIC System for WBAN
Applications, IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems,
vol. 2, no. 1, March 2012
(3) Chris A. Otto, Emil Jovanov, and Aleksandar Milenkovic, A WBAN-based System for
Health Monitoring at Home, 3rd IEEE/EMBS International Summer School On
Medical Devices and BioSensors - ISSMDBS, 2006, pp 20-23
(4) Christian Bachmann, Maryam Ashouei, Valer Pop, Maja Vidojkovic, Harmke de Groot,
and Bert Gyselinckx, Low-Power Wireless Sensor Nodes for Ubiquitous Long-Term
Biomedical Signal Monitoring, IEEE Communications Magazine, January 2012

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