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Abstract A simulation of multi-input multi-output (MIMO) QPSK RS-CC rate . The channel is modeled using the 6 SUI
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system channels that have been adopted by IEEE802.16a to evaluate air
based on IEEE802.16a, wireless Metropolitan Area Network interface performance. The rest of the paper is organized as
(MAN), has been carried out in Simulink/Matlab and follows: Section II introduces the OFDM system that is followed
performance measures have been obtained. We have assumed by SUI channels in section III. Section IV deals with the
perfect channel state information (CSI), so these results Alamoutis STBC used in the MIMO. Section V presents
represent the performance upper bounds. MIMO that refers to simulation results of the MIMO-OFDM system.
the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter and multiple
antennas at the receiver is especially powerful in providing II. OFDM SYSTEM
diversity to overcome the performance degradation due to
channel fades. The model uses the OFDM physical (PHY) layer In this section, we give a summary of the various blocks of the
using QPSK constellations with Reed-Solomon and baseband OFDM system. Details of the OFDM system can be
Convolutional Coding (RS-CC) scheme for forward error found in the IEEE802.16a standard documents [3]. The block
correction (FEC) at rate . The model has been tested using diagram of the OFDM system is shown in Fig.1.
all 6 Stanford University Interim (SUI) channels. The Space
Time (ST) code used is Alamoutis ST Block Code which gives Binary data is first grouped together to make up the
very good performance and is quite simple to implement. specified number of bits per frame. The processing is done frame
Simulation results show that the extra SNR required for BER by frame. Each bit frame is then fed into a randomizer whose
at 10-6 for all 6 SUI channels are only 5-7dB more than AWGN function is to prevent long runs of bit 0 or bit 1 . The
when using 2x2 MIMO. randomizer is implemented by XORing the input with the output
of a Pseudo Random Binary Generator (PRBS). The PRBS
Keywords MIMO-OFDM , IEEE802.16a , ST Codes, fixed generator polynomial is 1 + X14 + X15 .
Broadband Wireless Access.
Next the bit frame goes through a RS Encoder as a
I.INTRODUCTION Forward Error Correction (FEC) method to correct bit errors.
For QPSK RS-CC rate , the RS code used is the shortened and
IEEE802.16 is the standards body for fixed broadband wireless punctured RS(40,36,2) code derived from a systematic
access system. Fixed broadband wireless access systems require RS(255,239,8) code. This is followed by another FEC which is
high bit-rate, reliable and power efficient transmission systems. In the Punctured Convolutional Encoder. The convolutional code
order to reduce the ISI and to avoid using very complex equalizer used is the industry (171,133) rate with constraint length K
at high bit rates, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing =7. To achieve a rate 5/6 for the convolutional encoder, it is
(OFDM) is used. In OFDM, a single wideband channel is divided punctured by a puncturing pattern of (10101, 11010 ) . This
into many overlapping but orthogonal narrowband channels [1]. gives an overall RS-CC code rate of
This effectively lengthens the symbol time and reduces the ISI.
Equalization is simple to implement in OFDM. Due to the nature The bit frame is then fed into the interleaver which
of the wireless channel, which fades in time and space, reliable spreads out the adjacent bits onto non-adjacent carriers and
communication requires a large fade margin so that the deep fades ensures that adjacent bits get mapped onto less or more
do not disrupt important communication. This limits the range that significant bits of the constellation to avoid long runs of lowly
can be achieved given a specified power and may even cause the reliable bits. The constellation mapper maps the bit frame to the
cellular deployment to become economically unfeasible. MIMO constellation specified, which is QPSK in our case. The
has been shown to be effective in providing diversity that lowers constellations are gray mapped and normalized to have equal
the fade margins needed to achieve a similar performance [2]. average power.
With diversity of MIMO, a more reliable and power efficient
system is possible. The symbols frame now enters the OFDM transmitter
where each symbol is mapped onto the corresponding carriers
In this paper, the simulation model has been developed which are then transformed into time domain samples by passing
according to the standards specifications of IEEE 802.16a and them through a 256 point IFFT. Only 200 carriers out of the 256
uses the OFDM PHY layer. The modulation and coding rate is
B IN A R Y D A T A PUNCTURED
C O N S T E L L A T IO N O FDM
R A N D O M IZ E R RS ENCODER C O N V O L U T IO N A L IN T E R L E A V E R
M APPER T R A N S M IT T E R
ENCODER
SUI CHANNEL
AWGN
C O N V O L U T IO N A L C O N S T E L L A T IO N O FDM
D E R A N D O M IZ E R RS DECODER D E IN T E R L E A V E R
DECODER DEM APPER R E C E IV E R
so so
-s1* -s1* no
h0 = 0 e j0 n1
h0
Channel
h1
Estimator
h1 = 1e j1
h0 = 0 e j0 Tx1 Rx1
h0 h1
no
Tx1 n1 h0 s0
s1 ~
s0
Channel
s1 Estimator
h1 s0 so* h2 = 2 e j 2 n2 ~ Maximum
j1
Combiner s
so* h1 = 1e Maximum
n3 1 Likelihood s1
Detector
h0 h1 Likelihood
Detector s1 h3 = 3e j3
Rx ~ h2 h3
s0
Combiner
~
s1 Tx2 Rx2
h2
Channel
Estimator h3
Tx2
At any symbol period, 2 symbols are transmitted The transmission at the transmitters is still the same. At
simultaneouly from both transmitters. During the first symbol Rx1, the received signal during the first symbol period and
period, Tx1 transmits symbol s0 and Tx2 transmits symbol s1. second symbol period is r0 and r1 respectively,. At Rx2, the
At the next symbol period, Tx1 transmits symbol -s1* and Tx2 received signal during the first symbol period and second
transmits symbol s0* . At the receiver, the received signal during symbol period is r2 and r3 respectively.
the first symbol period and second symbol period is r0 and r1
respectively.
r0 = h0 s 0 + h1 s1 + n 0
r0 = h0 s 0 + h1 s1 + n 0 r1 = h0 s1 * + h1 s 0 * + n1
(6)
r1 = h0 s1 * + h1 s 0 * + n1 (1) r2 = h2 s 0 + h3 s1 + n 2
r3 = h2 s1 * + h3 s 0 * + n3
At the combiner, the signals r0 and r1 are combined as follows
~ At the combiner, the signals r0, r1, r2 and r3 are combined as
s0 = h0 * r0 + h1r1 * follows
~
s1 = h1 * r0 h0 r1 * (2)
~
s 0 = h0 * r0 + h1 r1 * + h2 * r2 + h3 r3 *
This gives ~ (7)
s = h * r h r * +h * r h r *
1 1 0 0 1 3 2 2 3
~
s0 = ( 0 2 + 12 ) s 0 + h0 * n0 + h1n1 * This gives
~
s = ( 2 + 2 ) s h n * + h * n (3)
1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0
~
s 0 = ( 0 2 + 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 ) s 0 + h0 * n 0 + h1 n1 *
The decision rule is given by + h2 * n 2 + h3 n3 *
(8)
~
s1 = ( 0 2 + 1 2 + 2 2 + 3 2 ) s1 h0 n1 * + h1 * n 0
s j = arg min (( 12 + 2 2 1) si + d 2 (~
2
s j , si )) (4)
Si h2 n3 * + h3 * n 2
or for equal energy constellation
The decision rule is given by
s j = arg min (d 2 (~
s j , si )) (5) 2
Si s j = arg min (( 0 2 + 12 + 2 2 + 3 2 1) si
Si (9)
for j = 0,1. + d (~
2
s j , si ))
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT