A S K - Interview Questions and Answers

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Windows Server Support Interview Questions and Answers

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We can use RPC over IP or SMTP as a replication protocols where as Domain partition is not
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Dynamic Disk Storage Solutio...
Dynamic storage is supported in Windows XP Professional, Windows 2000 and Windows Server
Veer
2003. A disk initialized for dynamic storage is called a dynamic disk. A dynamic disk contains
dynamic volumes, such as simple volumes, spanned volumes, striped volumes, mirrored volumes, Chance Pe
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and RAID-5 volumes. With dynamic storage, you can perform disk and volume management
without the need to restart Windows. Pyaar
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Note: Dynamic disks are not supported on portable computers or on Windows XP Home Edition- Dulha Mil
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You cannot create mirrored volumes or RAID-5 volumes on Windows XP Home Edition, Windows Yahoo!
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Use the Disk Management snap-in in Windows XP/2000/2003 to convert a basic disk to a dynamic Interview
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disk. To do this, follow these steps:
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1. Log on as Administrator or as a member of the Administrators group.
2. Click Start, and then click Control Panel. Windows
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Management. You can also right-click My Computer and choose Manage if you have My Computer Interview
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4. In the left pane, click Disk Management.
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Dynamic Storage Terms
A volume is a storage unit made from free space on one or more disks. It can be formatted with a
file system and assigned a drive letter. Volumes on dynamic disks can have any of the following
layouts: simple, spanned, mirrored, striped, or RAID-5.
A simple volume uses free space from a single disk. It can be a single region on a disk or
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consist of multiple, concatenated regions. A simple volume can be extended within the same disk
or onto additional disks. If a simple volume is extended across multiple disks, it becomes a
spanned volume.
A spanned volume is created from free disk space that is linked together from multiple disks.
You can extend a spanned volume onto a maximum of 32 disks. A spanned volume cannot be
mirrored and is not fault-tolerant.
A striped volume is a volume whose data is interleaved across two or more physical disks. The
data on this type of volume is allocated alternately and evenly to each of the physical disks. A
striped volume cannot be mirrored or extended and is not fault-tolerant. Striping is also known as
RAID-0.
A mirrored volume is a fault-tolerant volume whose data is duplicated on two physical disks. All
of the data on one volume is copied to another disk to provide data redundancy. If one of the disks
fails, the data can still be accessed from the remaining disk. A mirrored volume cannot be
extended. Mirroring is also known as RAID-1.
A RAID-5 volume is a fault-tolerant volume whose data is striped across an array of three or more
disks. Parity (a calculated value that can be used to reconstruct data after a failure) is also striped
across the disk array. If a physical disk fails, the portion of the RAID-5 volume that was on that
failed disk can be re-created from the remaining data and the parity. A RAID-5 volume cannot be
mirrored or extended.
The system volume contains the hardware-specific files that are needed to load Windows (for
example, Ntldr, Boot.ini, and Ntdetect.com). The system volume can be, but does not have to be,
the same as the boot volume.
The boot volume contains the Windows operating system files that are located in the
%Systemroot% and %Systemroot%\System32 folders. The boot volume can be, but does not
have to be, the same as the system volume.
RAID 0 Striping
RAID 1- Mirroring (minimum 2 HDD required)
RAID 5 Striping With Parity (Minimum 3 HDD required)
RAID levels 1 and 5 only gives redundancy
What are the different backup strategies are available
Normal Backup
Incremental Backup
Differential Backup
Daily Backup
Copy Backup
What is a global catalog

Global catalog is a role, which maintains Indexes about objects. It contains full information of the
objects in its own domain and partial information of the objects in other domains. Universal Group
membership information will be stored in global catalog servers and replicate to all GCs in the
forest.
What is Active Directory and what is the use of it

Active directory is a directory service, which maintains the relation ship between resources and
enabling them to work together. Because of AD hierarchal structure windows 2000 is more
scalable, reliable. Active directory is derived from X.500 standards where information is stored is
hierarchal tree like structure. Active directory depends on two Internet standards one is DNS and

other is LDAP. Information in Active directory can be queried by using LDAP protocol
What is the physical and logical structure of AD?

Active directory physical structure is a hierarchal structure which fallows ForestsTrees
DomainsChild DomainsGrand Childetc
Active directory is logically divided into 3 partitions
1.Configuration partition 2. Schema Partition 3. Domain partition 4. Application Partition (only in

windows 2003 not available in windows 2000)
Out of these Configuration, Schema partitions can be replicated between the domain controllers in
the in the entire forest. Where as Domain partition can be replicated between the domain
controllers in the same domain
What is the process of user authentication (Kerberos V5) in windows 2000?

After giving logon credentials an encryption key will be generated which is used to encrypt the time
stamp of the client machine. User name and encrypted timestamp information will be provided to
domain controller for authentication. Then Domain controller based on the password information
stored in AD for that user it decrypts the encrypted time stamp information. If produces time stamp
matches to its time stamp. It will provide logon session key and Ticket granting ticket to client in
an encryption format. Again client decrypts and if produced time stamp information is matching
then it will use logon session key to logon to the domain. Ticket granting ticket will be used to
generate service granting ticket when accessing network resources
What are the port numbers for Kerberos, LDAP and Global Catalog?
Kerberos 88, LDAP 389, Global Catalog 3268
What is the use of LDAP (X.500 standard?)
LDAP is a directory access protocol, which is used to exchange directory information from server
to clients or from server to servers
What are the problems that are generally come across DHCP?
Scope is full with IP addresses no IPs available for new machines
If scope options are not configured properly eg default gateway
Incorrect creation of scopes etc
What is the role responsible for time synchronization?

PDC Emulator is responsible for time synchronization. Time synchronization is important because
Kerberos authentication depends on time stamp information
What is TTL & how to set TTL time in DNS?

TTL is Time to Live setting used for the amount of time that the record should remain in cache
when name resolution happened.
We can set TTL in SOA (start of authority record) of DNS
How to take DNS and WINS, DHCP backup

%System root%/system32/dns
%System root%/system32/WINS
%System root%/system32/DHCP
What is recovery console

Recovery console is a utility used to recover the system when it is not booting properly or not at all
booting. We can perform fallowing operations from recovery console
We can copy, rename, or replace operating system files and folders

Enable or disable service or device startup the next time that start computer
Repair the file system boot sector or the Master Boot Record
Create and format partitions on drives
What is DFS & its usage
DFS is a distributed file system used to provide common environment for users to access files and
folders even when they are shared in different servers physically.
There are two types of DFS domain DFS and Stand alone DFS. We cannot provide redundancy for
stand alone DFS in case of failure. Domain DFS is used in a domain environment which can be
accessed by /domain name/root1 (root 1 is DFS root name). Stand alone DFS can be used in
workgroup environment which can be accessed through /server name/root1 (root 1 is DFS root
name). Both the cases we need to create DFS root ( Which appears like a shared folder for end
users) and DFS links ( A logical link which is pointing to the server where the folder is physically
shared)
The maximum number of Dfs roots per server is 1.

The maximum numbers of Dfs root replicas are 31.
The maximum number of Dfs roots per domain is unlimited.
The maximum number of Dfs links or shared folders in a Dfs root is 1,000
What is RIS and what are its requirements

RIS is a remote installation service, which is used to install operation system remotely.
Client requirements
PXE DHCP-based boot ROM version 1.00 or later NIC, or a network adapter that is supported by
the RIS boot disk.
Should meet minimum operating system requirements
Software Requirements
Below network services must be active on RIS server or any server in the network
Domain Name System (DNS Service)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
Active directory Directory service
How many root replicas can be created in DFS?

31
What is the difference between Domain DFS and Standalone DFS?

Refer question 17.
High Level
Can we establish trust relationship between two forests?
In Windows 2000 it is not possible. In Windows 2003 it is possible
What is FSMO Roles
Flexible single master operation (FSMO) roles are

Domain Naming Master
Schema Master
PDC Emulator
Infrastructure Master
RID Master
Brief all the FSMO Roles

Windows 2000/2003 Multi-Master Model
A multi-master enabled database, such as the Active Directory, provides the flexibility of allowing
changes to occur at any DC in the enterprise, but it also introduces the possibility of conflicts that
can potentially lead to problems once the data is replicated to the rest of the enterprise. One way
Windows 2000/2003 deals with conflicting updates is by having a conflict resolution algorithm
handle discrepancies in values by resolving to the DC to which changes were written last (that is,
"the last writer wins"), while discarding the changes in all other DCs. Although this resolution
method may be acceptable in some cases, there are times when conflicts are just too difficult to
resolve using the "last writer wins" approach. In such cases, it is best to prevent the conflict from
occurring rather than to try to resolve it after the fact.
For certain types of changes, Windows 2000/2003 incorporates methods to prevent conflicting
Active Directory updates from occurring.
Windows 2000/2003 Single-Master Model
To prevent conflicting updates in Windows 2000/2003, the Active Directory performs updates to
certain objects in a single-master fashion.
In a single-master model, only one DC in the entire directory is allowed to process updates. This is
similar to the role given to a primary domain controller (PDC) in earlier versions of Windows (such
as Microsoft Windows NT 4.0), in which the PDC is responsible for processing all updates in a
given domain.
In a forest, there are five FSMO roles that are assigned to one or more domain controllers. The five
FSMO roles are:
Schema Master:
The schema master domain controller controls all updates and modifications to the schema. Once
the Schema update is complete, it is replicated from the schema master to all other DCs in the
directory. To update the schema of a forest, you must have access to the schema master. There
can be only one schema master in the whole forest.
Domain naming master:
The domain naming master domain controller controls the addition or removal of domains in the
forest. This DC is the only one that can add or remove a domain from the directory. It can also add
or remove cross references to domains in external directories. There can be only one domain
naming master in the whole forest.
Infrastructure Master:
When an object in one domain is referenced by another object in another domain, it represents the
reference by the GUID, the SID (for references to security principals), and the DN of the object
being referenced. The infrastructure FSMO role holder is the DC responsible for updating an
object's SID and distinguished name in a cross-domain object reference. At any one time, there
can be only one domain controller acting as the infrastructure master in each domain.
Note: The Infrastructure Master (IM) role should be held by a domain controller that is not a Global

Catalog server (GC). If the Infrastructure Master runs on a Global Catalog server it will stop
updating object information because it does not contain any references to objects that it does not
hold. This is because a Global Catalog server holds a partial replica of every object in the forest.
As a result, cross-domain object references in that domain will not be updated and a warning to
that effect will be logged on that DC's event log. If all the domain controllers in a domain also host
the global catalog, all the domain controllers have the current data, and it is not important which
domain controller holds the infrastructure master role.
Relative ID (RID) Master:
The RID master is responsible for processing RID pool requests from all domain controllers in a
particular domain. When a DC creates a security principal object such as a user or group, it
attaches a unique Security ID (SID) to the object. This SID consists of a domain SID (the same for
all SIDs created in a domain), and a relative ID (RID) that is unique for each security principal SID
created in a domain. Each DC in a domain is allocated a pool of RIDs that it is allowed to assign to
the security principals it creates. When a DC's allocated RID pool falls below a threshold, that DC
issues a request for additional RIDs to the domain's RID master. The domain RID master responds
to the request by retrieving RIDs from the domain's unallocated RID pool and assigns them to the
pool of the requesting DC. At any one time, there can be only one domain controller acting as the
RID master in the domain.
PDC Emulator:
The PDC emulator is necessary to synchronize time in an enterprise. Windows 2000/2003

includes the W32Time (Windows Time) time service that is required by the Kerberos authentication
protocol. All Windows 2000/2003-based computers within an enterprise use a common time. The
purpose of the time service is to ensure that the Windows Time service uses a hierarchical
relationship that controls authority and does not permit loops to ensure appropriate common time
usage.
The PDC emulator of a domain is authoritative for the domain. The PDC emulator at the root of
the forest becomes authoritative for the enterprise, and should be configured to gather the time
from an external source. All PDC FSMO role holders follow the hierarchy of domains in the
selection of their in-bound time partner.
In a Windows 2000/2003 domain, the PDC emulator role holder retains the following functions:
Password changes performed by other DCs in the domain are replicated preferentially to the PDC
emulator.
Authentication failures that occur at a given DC in a domain because of an incorrect password are
forwarded to the PDC emulator before a bad password failure message is reported to the user.
Account lockout is processed on the PDC emulator.
Editing or creation of Group Policy Objects (GPO) is always done from the GPO copy found in the
PDC Emulator's SYSVOL share, unless configured not to do so by the administrator.
The PDC emulator performs all of the functionality that a Microsoft Windows NT 4.0 Server-based
PDC or earlier PDC performs for Windows NT 4.0-based or earlier clients.
This part of the PDC emulator role becomes unnecessary when all workstations, member servers,
and domain controllers that are running Windows NT 4.0 or earlier are all upgraded to Windows
2000/2003. The PDC emulator still performs the other functions as described in a Windows
2000/2003 environment.
At any one time, there can be only one domain controller acting as the PDC emulator master in
each domain in the forest.
How to manually configure FSMO Roles to separate DCs
How can I determine who are the current FSMO Roles holders in my domain/forest?
Windows 2000/2003 Active Directory domains utilize a Single Operation Master method called
FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operation), as described in Understanding FSMO Roles in Active
Directory.
The five FSMO roles are:
Schema master - Forest-wide and one per forest.
Domain naming master - Forest-wide and one per forest.
RID master - Domain-specific and one for each domain.
PDC - PDC Emulator is domain-specific and one for each domain.
Infrastructure master - Domain-specific and one for each domain.
In most cases an administrator can keep the FSMO role holders (all 5 of them) in the same spot
(or actually, on the same DC) as has been configured by the Active Directory installation process.
However, there are scenarios where an administrator would want to move one or more of the FSMO
roles from the default holder DC to a different DC. The transferring method is described in the
Transferring FSMO Roles article, while seizing the roles from a non-operational DC to a different

DC is described in the Seizing FSMO Roles article.
In order to better understand your AD infrastructure and to know the added value that each DC
might possess, an AD administrator must have the exact knowledge of which one of the existing
DCs is holding a FSMO role, and what role it holds. With that knowledge in hand, the administrator
can make better arrangements in case of a scheduled shut-down of any given DC, and better
prepare him or herself in case of a non-scheduled cease of operation from one of the DCs.
How to find out which DC is holding which FSMO role? Well, one can accomplish this task by
many means. This article will list a few of the available methods.
Method #1: Know the default settings
The FSMO roles were assigned to one or more DCs during the DCPROMO process. The following
table summarizes the FSMO default locations:
FSMO Role Number of DCs holding this role Original DC holding the FSMO role
Schema One per forest The first DC in the first domain in the forest (i.e. the Forest Root Domain)
Domain Naming One per forest
RID One per domain The first DC in a domain (any domain, including the Forest Root Domain, any
Tree Root Domain, or any Child Domain)
PDC Emulator One per domain
Infrastructure One per domain
Method #2: Use the GUI
The FSMO role holders can be easily found by use of some of the AD snap-ins. Use this table to
see which tool can be used for what FSMO role:
FSMO Role Which snap-in should I use?

Schema Schema snap-in
Domain Naming AD Domains and Trusts snap-in
RID AD Users and Computers snap-in
PDC Emulator
Infrastructure
Finding the RID Master, PDC Emulator, and Infrastructure Masters via GUI
To find out who currently holds the Domain-Specific RID Master, PDC Emulator, and Infrastructure
Master FSMO Roles:
1. Open the Active Directory Users and Computers snap-in from the Administrative Tools folder.
2. Right-click the Active Directory Users and Computers icon again and press Operation Masters.
3. Select the appropriate tab for the role you wish to view.
4. When you're done click close.
Finding the Domain Naming Master via GUI
To find out who currently holds the Domain Naming Master Role:
1. Open the Active Directory Domains and Trusts snap-in from the Administrative Tools folder.
2. Right-click the Active Directory Domains and Trusts icon again and press Operation Masters.
3. When you're done click close.
Finding the Schema Master via GUI
To find out who currently holds the Schema Master Role:

1. Register the Schmmgmt.dll library by pressing Start > RUN and typing:
2. Press OK. You should receive a success confirmation.
3. From the Run command open an MMC Console by typing MMC.
4. On the Console menu, press Add/Remove Snap-in.
5. Press Add. Select Active Directory Schema.
6. Press Add and press Close. Press OK.
7. Click the Active Directory Schema icon. After it loads right-click it and press Operation Masters.
8. Press the Close button.
Method #3: Use the Ntdsutil command
The FSMO role holders can be easily found by use of the Ntdsutil command.
Caution: Using the Ntdsutil utility incorrectly may result in partial or complete loss of Active
Directory functionality.
1. On any domain controller, click Start, click Run, type Ntdsutil in the Open box, and then click
OK.
2. Type roles, and then press ENTER.
Note: To see a list of available commands at any of the prompts in the Ntdsutil tool, type ?, and
then press ENTER.
3. Type connections, and then press ENTER.
4. Type connect to server , where is the name of the server you want to use, and then press
ENTER.
5. At the server connections: prompt, type q, and then press ENTER again.

6. At the FSMO maintenance: prompt, type Select operation target, and then press ENTER again.
At the select operation target: prompt, type List roles for connected server, and then press ENTER
again.
select operation target: List roles for connected server
Server "server100" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Name,CN=Sites,CN=C
onfiguration,DC=dpetri,DC=net
Domain - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Name,CN=Sites,CN=C
onfiguration,DC=dpetri,DC=net
PDC - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Name,CN=Sites,CN=Conf
iguration,DC=dpetri,DC=net
RID - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Name,CN=Sites,CN=Conf
iguration,DC=dpetri,DC=net
Infrastructure - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Name,CN=Si
tes,CN=Configuration,DC=dpetri,DC=net
select operation target:
8. Type q 3 times to exit the Ntdsutil prompt.
Note: You can download THIS nice batch file that will do all this for you (1kb).
Another Note: Microsoft has a nice tool called Dumpfsmos.cmd, found in the Windows 2000
Resource Kit (and can be downloaded here: Download Free Windows 2000 Resource Kit Tools).
This tool is basically a one-click Ntdsutil script that performs the same operation described above.
Method #4: Use the Netdom command
The FSMO role holders can be easily found by use of the Netdom command.
Netdom.exe is a part of the Windows 2000/XP/2003 Support Tools. You must either download it
separately (from here Download Free Windows 2000 Resource Kit Tools) or by obtaining the
correct Support Tools pack for your operating system. The Support Tools pack can be found in the
\Support\Tools folder on your installation CD (or you can Download Windows 2000 SP4 Support
Tools, Download Windows XP SP1 Deploy Tools).
1. On any domain controller, click Start, click Run, type CMD in the Open box, and then click OK.
2. In the Command Prompt window, type netdom query /domain: fsmo (where is the name of
YOUR domain).
Close the CMD window.
Note: You can download THIS nice batch file that will do all this for you (1kb).
Method #5: Use the Replmon tool
The FSMO role holders can be easily found by use of the Netdom command.
Just like Netdom, Replmon.exe is a part of the Windows 2000/XP/2003 Support Tools. Replmon
can be used for a wide verity of tasks, mostly with those that are related with AD replication. But
Replmon can also provide valuable information about the AD, about any DC, and also about other
objects and settings, such as GPOs and FSMO roles. Install the package before attempting to
use the tool.
1. On any domain controller, click Start, click Run, type REPLMON in the Open box, and then
click OK.
2. Right-click Monitored servers and select Add Monitored Server.
3. In the Add Server to Monitor window, select the Search the Directory for the server to add. Make
sure your AD domain name is listed in the drop-down list.
4. In the site list select your site, expand it, and click to select the server you want to query. Click
Finish.
5. Right-click the server that is now listed in the left-pane, and select Properties.
6. Click on the FSMO Roles tab and read the results.

7. Click Ok when you're done.
How can I forcibly transfer (seize) some or all of the FSMO Roles from one DC to another?
Windows 2000/2003 Active Directory domains utilize a Single Operation Master method called
FSMO (Flexible Single Master Operation), as described in Understanding FSMO Roles in Active
Directory.
The five FSMO roles are:
Schema master - Forest-wide and one per forest.

Domain naming master - Forest-wide and one per forest.
RID master - Domain-specific and one for each domain.
PDC - PDC Emulator is domain-specific and one for each domain.
Infrastructure master - Domain-specific and one for each domain.
In most cases an administrator can keep the FSMO role holders (all 5 of them) in the same spot
(or actually, on the same DC) as has been configured by the Active Directory installation process.
However, there are scenarios where an administrator would want to move one or more of the FSMO
roles from the default holder DC to a different DC.
Moving the FSMO roles while both the original FSMO role holder and the future FSMO role holder
are online and operational is called Transferring, and is described in the Transferring FSMO Roles
article.
However, when the original FSMO role holder went offline or became non operational for a long
period of time, the administrator might consider moving the FSMO role from the original, non-
operational holder, to a different DC. The process of moving the FSMO role from a non-operational
role holder to a different DC is called Seizing, and is described in this article.
If a DC holding a FSMO role fails, the best thing to do is to try and get the server online again.
Since none of the FSMO roles are immediately critical (well, almost none, the loss of the PDC
Emulator FSMO role might become a problem unless you fix it in a reasonable amount of time), so
it is not a problem to them to be unavailable for hours or even days.
If a DC becomes unreliable, try to get it back on line, and transfer the FSMO roles to a reliable
computer. Administrators should use extreme caution in seizing FSMO roles. This operation, in
most cases, should be performed only if the original FSMO role owner will not be brought back into
the environment. Only seize a FSMO role if absolutely necessary when the original role holder is
not connected to the network.
What will happen if you do not perform the seize in time? This table has the info:
FSMO Role Loss implications
Schema The schema cannot be extended. However, in the short term no one will notice a missing
Schema Master unless you plan a schema upgrade during that time.
Domain Naming Unless you are going to run DCPROMO, then you will not miss this FSMO role.
RID Chances are good that the existing DCs will have enough unused RIDs to last some time,
unless you're building hundreds of users or computer object per week.
PDC Emulator Will be missed soon. NT 4.0 BDCs will not be able to replicate, there will be no
time synchronization in the domain, you will probably not be able to change or troubleshoot group
policies and password changes will become a problem.
Infrastructure Group memberships may be incomplete. If you only have one domain, then there will
be no impact.
Important: If the RID, Schema, or Domain Naming FSMOs are seized, then the original domain
controller must not be activated in the forest again. It is necessary to reinstall Windows if these
servers are to be used again.
The following table summarizes the FSMO seizing restrictions:

FSMO Role Restrictions
Schema Original must be reinstalled
Domain Naming
RID
PDC Emulator Can transfer back to original
Infrastructure
Another consideration before performing the seize operation is the administrator's group
membership, as this table lists:
FSMO Role Administrator must be a member of
Schema Schema Admins
Domain Naming Enterprise Admins
RID Domain Admins
PDC Emulator
Infrastructure

To seize the FSMO roles by using Ntdsutil, follow these steps:
Caution: Using the Ntdsutil utility incorrectly may result in partial or complete loss of Active
Directory functionality.
1. On any domain controller, click Start, click Run, type Ntdsutil in the Open box, and then click
OK.
2. Type roles, and then press ENTER.
Note: To see a list of available commands at any of the prompts in the Ntdsutil tool, type ?, and
then press ENTER.
3. Type connections, and then press ENTER.

4. Type connect to server , where is the name of the server you want to use, and then press
ENTER.
5. At the server connections: prompt, type q, and then press ENTER again.
6. Type seize , where is the role you want to seize. For example, to seize the RID Master role, you
would type seize rid master:
Options are:
7. You will receive a warning window asking if you want to perform the seize. Click on Yes.
fsmo maintenance: Seize infrastructure master
Attempting safe transfer of infrastructure FSMO before seizure.
ldap_modify_sW error 0x34(52 (Unavailable).
Ldap extended error message is 000020AF: SvcErr: DSID-03210300, problem 5002
(UNAVAILABLE)
data 1722
Win32 error returned is 0x20af(The requested FSMO operation failed. The current FSMO holde
r could not be contacted.)

)
Depending on the error code this may indicate a connection,
ldap, or role transfer error.

Transfer of infrastructure FSMO failed, proceeding with seizure ...
Server "server100" knows about 5 roles
Schema - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER200,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-
Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=dpetri,DC=netDomain - CN=NTDS
Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-
Name,CN=Sites,CN=Configuration,DC=dpetri,DC=net
PDC - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-
RID - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER200,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-
Infrastructure - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-
fsmo maintenance:
Note: All five roles need to be in the forest. If the first domain controller is out of the forest then
seize all roles. Determine which roles are to be on which remaining domain controllers so that all
five roles are not on only one server.
8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 until you've seized all the required FSMO roles.
9. After you seize or transfer the roles, type q, and then press ENTER until you quit the Ntdsutil
tool.
Note: Do not put the Infrastructure Master (IM) role on the same domain controller as the Global
Catalog server. If the Infrastructure Master runs on a GC server it will stop updating object
information because it does not contain any references to objects that it does not hold. This is
because a GC server holds a partial replica of every object in the forest.
What is the difference between authoritative and non-authoritative restore
In authoritative restore, Objects that are restored will be replicated to all domain controllers in the
domain. This can be used specifically when the entire OU is disturbed in all domain controllers or
specifically restore a single object, which is disturbed in all DCs
In non-authoritative restore, Restored directory information will be updated by other domain

controllers based on the latest modification time.
What is Active Directory De-fragmentation?

De-fragmentation of AD means separating used space and empty space created by deleted
objects and reduces directory size (only in offline De-fragmentation)
Difference between online and offline de-fragmentation

The size of NTDS.DIT will often be different sizes across the domain controllers in a domain.
Remember that Active Directory is a multi-master independent model where updates are occurring
in each of the domain controllers with the changes being replicated over time to the other domain

controllers.
The changed data is replicated between domain controllers, not the database, so there is no
guarantee that the files are going to be the same size across all domain controllers.
Windows 2000 and Windows Server 2003 servers running Directory Services (DS) perform a
directory online defragmentation every 12 hours by default as part of the garbage-collection
process. This defragmentation only moves data around the database file (NTDS.DIT) and doesnt
reduce the files size - the database file cannot be compacted while Active Directory is mounted.
Active Directory routinely performs online database defragmentation, but this is limited to the
disposal of tombstoned objects. The database file cannot be compacted while Active Directory is
mounted (or online).
An NTDS.DIT file that has been defragmented offline (compacted), can be much smaller than the
NTDS.DIT file on its peers.
However, defragmenting the NTDS.DIT file isnt something you should really need to do. Normally,
the database self-tunes and automatically tombstoning the records then sweeping them away
when the tombstone lifetime has passed to make that space available for additional records.
Defragging the NTDS.DIT file probably wont help your AD queries go any faster in the long run.
So why defrag it in the first place?
One reason you might want to defrag your NTDS.DIT file is to save space, for example if you
deleted a large number of records at one time.
To create a new, smaller NTDS.DIT file and to enable offline defragmentation, perform the following
steps:
Back up Active Directory (AD).
Reboot the server, select the OS option, and press F8 for advanced options.
Select the Directory Services Restore Mode option, and press Enter. Press
Enter again to start the OS.
W2K will start in safe mode, with no DS running.
Use the local SAMs administrator account and password to log on.
Youll see a dialog box that says youre in safe mode. Click OK.
From the Start menu, select Run and type cmd.exe
In the command window, youll see the following text. (Enter the commands in bold.)
C:\> ntdsutil
ntdsutil: files
file maintenance:info
....
file maintenance:compact to c:\temp
Youll see the defragmentation process. If the process was successful, enter quit to return to the
command prompt.
Then, replace the old NTDS.DIT file with the new, compressed version. (Enter the commands in
bold.)
C:\> copy c:\temp\ntds.dit %systemroot%\ntds\ntds.dit
Restart the computer, and boot as normal.
What is tombstone period

Tombstones are nothing but objects marked for deletion. After deleting an object in AD the objects
will not be deleted permanently. It will be remain 60 days by default (which can be configurable) it
adds an entry as marked for deletion on the object and replicates to all DCs. After 60 days object
will be deleted permanently from all Dcs.
What is white space and Garbage Collection?
refer question 7
What are the monitoring tools used for Server and Network Heath. How to define alert
mechanism
Spot Light , SNMP Need to enable .
How to deploy the patches and what are the softwares used for this process
Using SUS (Software update services) server we can deploy patches to all clients in the network.
We need to configure an option called Synchronize with Microsoft software update server option
and schedule time to synchronize in server. We need to approve new update based on the
requirement. Then approved update will be deployed to clients
We can configure clients by changing the registry manually or through Group policy by adding
WUAU administrative template in group policy
What is Clustering. Briefly define & explain it
Clustering is a technology, which is used to provide High Availability for mission critical
applications. We can configure cluster by installing MCS (Microsoft cluster service) component

from Add remove programs, which can only available in Enterprise Edition and Data center edition.
In Windows we can configure two types of clusters
NLB (network load balancing) cluster for balancing load between servers. This cluster will not
provide any high availability. Usually preferable at edge servers like web or proxy.
Server Cluster: This provides High availability by configuring active-active or active-passive cluster.
In 2 node active-passive cluster one node will be active and one node will be stand by. When active
server fails the application will FAILOVER to stand by server automatically. When the original
server backs we need to FAILBACK the application
Quorum: A shared storage need to provide for all servers which keeps information about clustered
application and session state and is useful in FAILOVER situation. This is very important if
Quorum disk fails entire cluster will fails
Heartbeat: Heartbeat is a private connectivity between the servers in the cluster, which is used to
identify the status of other servers in cluster.
How to configure SNMP
SNMP can be configured by installing SNMP from Monitoring and Management tools from Add and
Remove programs.
For SNMP programs to communicate we need to configure common community name for those
machines where SNMP programs (eg DELL OPEN MANAGER) running. This can be configured
from services.msc--- SNMP service -- Security
Is it possible to rename the Domain name & how?
In Windows 2000 it is not possible. In windows 2003 it is possible. On Domain controller by going
to MYCOMPUTER properties we can change.
What is SOA Record
SOA is a Start Of Authority record, which is a first record in DNS, which controls the startup
behavior of DNS. We can configure TTL, refresh, and retry intervals in this record.
What is a Stub zone and what is the use of it.

Stub zones are a new feature of DNS in Windows Server 2003 that can be used to streamline
name resolution, especially in a split namespace scenario. They also help reduce the amount of
DNS traffic on your network, making DNS more efficient especially over slow WAN links.
What are the different types of partitions present in AD?

Active directory is divided into three partitions
Configuration Partitionreplicates entire forest
Schema Partitionreplicates entire forest
Domain Partitionreplicate only in domain
Application Partition (Only in Windows 2003)
What are the (two) services required for replication
File Replication Service (FRS)
Knowledge Consistency Checker (KCC)
Can we use a Linux DNS Sever in 2000 Domain?

We can use, But the BIND version should be 8 or greater
What is the difference between IIS Version 5 and IIS Version 6?
Refer Question 1
What is ASR (Automated System Recovery) and how to implement it

ASR is a two-part system; it includes ASR backup and ASR restore. The ASR Wizard, located in
Backup, does the backup portion. The wizard backs up the system state, system services, and all
the disks that are associated with the operating system components. ASR also creates a file that
contains information about the backup, the disk configurations (including basic and dynamic
volumes), and how to perform a restore.
You can access the restore portion by pressing F2 when prompted in the text-mode portion of
setup. ASR reads the disk configurations from the file that it creates. It restores all the disk
signatures, volumes, and partitions on (at a minimum) the disks that you need to start the
computer. ASR will try to restore all the disk configurations, but under some circumstances it
might not be able to. ASR then installs a simple installation of Windows and automatically starts a
restoration using the backup created by the ASR Wizard.
What are the different levels that we can apply Group Policy
We can apply group policy at SITE level---Domain Level---OU level
What is Domain Policy, Domain controller policy, Local policy and Group policy
Domain Policy will apply to all computers in the domain, because by default it will be associated
with domain GPO, Where as Domain controller policy will be applied only on domain controller. By
default domain controller security policy will be associated with domain controller GPO. Local
policy will be applied to that particular machine only and effects to that computer only.
What is the use of SYSVOL FOLDER?

Policies and scripts saved in SYSVOL folder will be replicated to all domain controllers in the
domain. FRS (File replication service) is responsible for replicating all policies and scripts
What is folder redirection?

Folder Redirection is a User group policy. Once you create the group policy and link it to the
appropriate folder object, an administrator can designate which folders to redirect and where To do
this, the administrator needs to navigate to the following location in the Group Policy Object:
User Configuration\Windows Settings\Folder Redirection

In the Properties of the folder, you can choose Basic or Advanced folder redirection, and you can
designate the server file system path to which the folder should be redirected.
The %USERNAME% variable may be used as part of the redirection path, thus allowing the
system to dynamically create a newly redirected folder for each user to whom the policy object
applies.
What different modes in windows 2003 (Mixed, native & intrim.etc)
What are the domain and forest function levels in a Windows Server 2003-basedActive
Directory?
Functional levels are an extension of the mixed/native mode concept introduced in Windows 2000
to activate new Active Directory features after all the domain controllers in the domain or forest are
running the Windows Server 2003 operating system.
When a computer that is running Windows Server 2003 is installed and promoted to a domain
controller, new Active Directory features are activated by the Windows Server 2003 operating
system over its Windows 2000 counterparts. Additional Active Directory features are available
when all domain controllers in a domain or forest are running Windows Server 2003 and the
administrator activates the corresponding functional level in the domain or forest.
To activate the new domain features, all domain controllers in the domain must be running
Windows Server 2003. After this requirement is met, the administrator can raise the domain
functional level to Windows Server 2003 (read Raise Domain Function Level in Windows Server
2003 Domains for more info).
To activate new forest-wide features, all domain controllers in the forest must be running Windows
Server 2003, and the current forest functional level must be at Windows 2000 native or Windows
Server 2003 domain level. After this requirement is met, the administrator can raise the domain
functional level (read Raise Forest Function Level in Windows Server 2003 Active Directory for
more info).
Note: Network clients can authenticate or access resources in the domain or forest without being
affected by the Windows Server 2003 domain or forest functional levels. These levels only affect the
way that domain controllers interact with each other.
Important
Raising the domain and forest functional levels to Windows Server 2003 is a nonreversible task and
prohibits the addition of Windows NT 4.0based or Windows 2000based domain controllers to the
environment. Any existing Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000based domain controllers in the
environment will no longer function. Before raising functional levels to take advantage of advanced
Windows Server 2003 features, ensure that you will never need to install domain controllers running
Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000 in your environment.
When the first Windows Server 2003based domain controller is deployed in a domain or forest, a
set of default Active Directory features becomes available. The following table summarizes the
Active Directory features that are available by default on any domain controller running Windows
Server 2003:
Feature Functionality
Multiple selection of user objects Allows you to modify common attributes of multiple user objects
at one time.
Drag and drop functionality Allows you to move Active Directory objects from container to container
by dragging one or more objects to a location in the domain hierarchy. You can also add objects to
group membership lists by dragging one or more objects (including other group objects) to the
target group.
Efficient search capabilities Search functionality is object-oriented and provides an efficient search
that minimizes network traffic associated with browsing objects.
Saved queries Allows you to save commonly used search parameters for reuse in Active Directory
Users and Computers
Active Directory command-line tools Allows you to run new directory service commands for
administration scenarios.
InetOrgPerson class The inetOrgPerson class has been added to the base schema as a security
principal and can be used in the same manner as the user class.
Application directory partitions Allows you to configure the replication scope for application-specific
data among domain controllers. For example, you can control the replication scope of Domain
Name System (DNS) zone data stored in Active Directory so that only specific domain controllers
in the forest participate in DNS zone replication.
Ability to add additional domain controllers by using backup media Reduces the time it takes to

add an additional domain controller in an existing domain by using backup media.
Universal group membership caching Prevents the need to locate a global catalog across a wide
area network (WAN) when logging on by storing universal group membership information on an
authenticating domain controller.
Secure Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) traffic Active Directory administrative tools
sign and encrypt all LDAP traffic by default. Signing LDAP traffic guarantees that the packaged
data comes from a known source and that it has not been tampered with.
Partial synchronization of the global catalog Provides improved replication of the global catalog
when schema changes add attributes to the global catalog partial attribute set. Only the new
attributes are replicated, not the entire global catalog.
Active Directory quotas Quotas can be specified in Active Directory to control the number of
objects a user, group, or computer can own in a given directory partition. Members of the Domain
Administrators and Enterprise Administrators groups are exempt from quotas.
When the first Windows Server 2003based domain controller is deployed in a domain or forest,
the domain or forest operates by default at the lowest functional level that is possible in that
environment. This allows you to take advantage of the default Active Directory features while
running versions of Windows earlier than Windows Server 2003.
When you raise the functional level of a domain or forest, a set of advanced features becomes
available. For example, the Windows Server 2003 interim forest functional level supports more
features than the Windows 2000 forest functional level, but fewer features than the Windows Server
2003 forest functional level supports. Windows Server 2003 is the highest functional level that is
available for a domain or forest. The Windows Server 2003 functional level supports the most
advanced Active Directory features; however, only Windows Server 2003 domain controllers can
operate in that domain or forest.
If you raise the domain functional level to Windows Server 2003, you cannot introduce any domain
controllers that are running versions of Windows earlier than Windows Server 2003 into that
domain. This applies to the forest functional level as well.
Domain Functional Level

Domain functionality activates features that affect the whole domain and that domain only. The four
domain functional levels, their corresponding features, and supported domain controllers are as
follows:
Windows 2000 mixed (Default)

Supported domain controllers: Microsoft Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003
Activated features: local and global groups, global catalog support
Windows 2000 native

Supported domain controllers: Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003
Activated features: group nesting, universal groups, SidHistory, converting groups between
security groups and distribution groups, you can raise domain levels by increasing the forest level
settings
Windows Server 2003 interim

Supported domain controllers: Windows NT 4.0, Windows Server 2003
Supported features: There are no domain-wide features activated at this level. All domains in a
forest are automatically raised to this level when the forest level increases to interim. This mode is
only used when you upgrade domain controllers in Windows NT 4.0 domains to Windows Server
2003 domain controllers.
Windows Server 2003

Supported domain controllers: Windows Server 2003
Supported features: domain controller rename, logon timestamp attribute updated and replicated.
User password support on the InetOrgPerson objectClass. Constrained delegation, you can
redirect the Users and Computers containers.
Domains that are upgraded from Windows NT 4.0 or created by the promotion of a Windows Server
2003-based computer operate at the Windows 2000 mixed functional level. Windows 2000
domains maintain their current domain functional level when Windows 2000 domain controllers are
upgraded to the Windows Server 2003 operating system. You can raise the domain functional level
to either Windows 2000 native or Windows Server 2003.
After the domain functional level is raised, domain controllers that are running earlier operating
systems cannot be introduced into the domain. For example, if you raise the domain functional
level to Windows Server 2003, domain controllers that are running Windows 2000 Server cannot be
added to that domain.
The following describes the domain functional level and the domain-wide features that are activated
for that level. Note that with each successive level increase, the feature set of the previous level is
included.
Forest Functional Level
Forest functionality activates features across all the domains in your forest. Three forest functional
levels, the corresponding features, and their supported domain controllers are listed below.
Windows 2000 (default)
Supported domain controllers: Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, Windows Server 2003

New features: Partial list includes universal group caching, application partitions, install from
media, quotas, rapid global catalog demotion, Single Instance Store (SIS) for System Access
Control Lists (SACL) in the Jet Database Engine, Improved topology generation event logging. No
global catalog full sync when attributes are added to the PAS Windows Server 2003 domain
controller assumes the Intersite Topology Generator (ISTG) role.
Windows Server 2003 interim
Supported domain controllers: Windows NT 4.0, Windows Server 2003. See the "Upgrade from a
Windows NT 4.0 Domain" section of this article.
Activated features: Windows 2000 features plus Efficient Group Member Replication using Linked
Value Replication, Improved Replication Topology Generation. ISTG Aliveness no longer replicated.
Attributes added to the global catalog. ms-DS-Trust-Forest-Trust-Info. Trust-Direction, Trust-
Attributes, Trust-Type, Trust-Partner, Security-Identifier, ms-DS-Entry-Time-To-Die, Message
Queuing-Secured-Source, Message Queuing-Multicast-Address, Print-Memory, Print-Rate, Print-
Rate-Unit
Windows Server 2003

Supported domain controllers: Windows Server 2003
Activated features: all features in Interim Level, Defunct schema objects, Cross Forest Trust,
Domain Rename, Dynamic auxiliary classes, InetOrgPerson objectClass change, Application
Groups, 15-second intrasite replication frequency for Windows Server 2003 domain controllers
upgraded from Windows 2000
After the forest functional level is raised, domain controllers that are running earlier operating
systems cannot be introduced into the forest. For example, if you raise forest functional levels to
Windows Server 2003, domain controllers that are running Windows NT 4.0 or Windows 2000
Server cannot be added to the forest.
Different Active Directory features are available at different functional levels. Raising domain and
forest functional levels is required to enable certain new features as domain controllers are
upgraded from Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 to Windows Server 2003
Domain Functional Levels: Windows 2000 Mixed mode, Windows 2000 Native mode, Windows
server 2003 and Windows server 2003 interim ( Only available when upgrades directly from
Windows NT 4.0 to Windows 2003)
Forest Functional Levels: Windows 2000 and Windows 2003
Ipsec usage and difference window 2000 & 2003.
Microsoft doesnt recommend Internet Protocol security (IPSec) network address translation (NAT)
traversal (NAT-T) for Windows deployments that include VPN servers and that are located behind
network address translators. When a server is behind a network address translator, and the server
uses IPSec NAT-T, unintended side effects may occur because of the way that network address
translators translate network traffic
If you put a server behind a network address translator, you may experience connection problems
because clients that connect to the server over the Internet require a public IP address. To reach
servers that are located behind network address translators from the Internet, static mappings
must be configured on the network address translator. For example, to reach a Windows Server
2003-based computer that is behind a network address translator from the Internet, configure the
network address translator with the following static network address translator mappings:
Public IP address/UDP port 500 to the server's private IP address/UDP port 500.
Public IP address/UDP port 4500 to the server's private IP address/UDP port 4500.
These mappings are required so that all Internet Key Exchange (IKE) and IPSec NAT-T traffic that
is sent to the public address of the network address translator is automatically translated and
forwarded to the Windows Server 2003-based computer
How to create application partition windows 2003 and its usage?
An application directory partition is a directory partition that is replicated only to specific domain
controllers. A domain controller that participates in the replication of a particular application
directory partition hosts a replica of that partition. Only domain controllers running Windows Server
2003 can host a replica of an application directory partition.
Applications and services can use application directory partitions to store application-specific data.
Application directory partitions can contain any type of object, except security principals. TAPI is
an example of a service that stores its application-specific data in an application directory partition.
Application directory partitions are usually created by the applications that will use them to store
and replicate data. For testing and troubleshooting purposes, members of the Enterprise Admins
group can manually create or manage application directory partitions using the Ntdsutil command-
line tool.
Is it possible to do implicit transitive forest to forest trust relationship in windows 2003?

Implicit Transitive trust will not be possible in windows 2003. Between forests we can create
explicit trust
Two-way trust
One-way: incoming
One-way: Outgoing
What is universal group membership cache in windows 2003?
Information is stored locally once this option is enabled and a user attempts to log on for the first
time. The domain controller obtains the universal group membership for that user from a global
catalog. Once the universal group membership information is obtained, it is cached on the domain
controller for that site indefinitely and is periodically refreshed. The next time that user attempts to
log on, the authenticating domain controller running Windows Server 2003 will obtain the universal
group membership information from its local cache without the need to contact a global catalog.
By default, the universal group membership information contained in the cache of each domain
controller will be refreshed every 8 hours.
GPMC & RSOP in windows 2003?
GPMC is tool which will be used for managing group policies and will display information like how
many policies applied, on which OUs the policies applied, What are the settings enabled in each
policy, Who are the users effecting by these polices, who is managing these policies. GPMC will
display all the above information.
RSoP provides details about all policy settings that are configured by an Administrator, including
Administrative Templates, Folder Redirection, Internet Explorer Maintenance, Security Settings,
Scripts, and Group Policy Software Installation.
When policies are applied on multiple levels (for example, site, domain, domain controller, and
organizational unit), the results can conflict. RSoP can help you determine a set of applied policies
and their precedence (the order in which policies are applied).
Assign & Publish the applications in GP & how?
Through Group policy you can Assign and Publish the applications by creating .msi package for
that application
With Assign option you can apply policy for both user and computer. If it is applied to computer
then the policy will apply to user who logs on to that computer. If it is applied on user it will apply
where ever he logs on to the domain. It will be appear in Start menuPrograms. Once user click
the shortcut or open any document having that extension then the application install into the local
machine. If any application program files missing it will automatically repair.
With Publish option you can apply only on users. It will not install automatically when any
application program files are corrupted or deleted.
DFS in windows 2003?
Refer Question 17 on level 2
How to use recovery console?

The Windows 2000 Recovery Console is a command-line console that you can start from the
Windows 2000 Setup program. Using the Recovery Console, you can start and stop services,
format drives, read and write data on a local drive (including drives formatted to use NTFS), and
perform many other administrative tasks. The Recovery Console is particularly useful if you need to
repair your system by copying a file from a floppy disk or CD-ROM to your hard drive, or if you
need to reconfigure a service that is preventing your computer from starting properly. Because the
Recovery Console is quite powerful, it should only be used by advanced users who have a thorough
knowledge of Windows 2000. In addition, you must be an administrator to use the Recovery
Console.
There are two ways to start the Recovery Console:
If you are unable to start your computer, you can run the Recovery Console from your Windows
2000 Setup disks or from the Windows 2000 Professional CD (if you can start your computer from
your CD-ROM drive).
As an alternative, you can install the Recovery Console on your computer to make it available in
case you are unable to restart Windows 2000. You can then select the Recovery Console option
from the list of available operating systems
PPTP protocol for VPN in windows 2003?
Point-to-Point-Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is a networking technology that supports multiprotocol

virtual private networks (VPN), enableing remote users to access corporate networks securely
across the Microsoft Windows NT Workstation, Windows 95, and Windows 98 operating
systems and other point-to-point protocol (PPP)-enabled systems to dial into a local Internet
service provider to connect securely to their corporate network through the Internet

Netdom.exe is domain management tool to rename domain controller
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Windows Server Support Interview Questions and Answers

(L1)
IIS
Fault-tolerant process architecture----- The IIS 6.0 fault-tolerant process architecture isolates Web
sites and applications into self-contained units called application pools
Health Monitoring---- IIS 6.0 periodically checks the status of an application pool with automatic
restart on failure of the Web sites and applications within that application pool, increasing
application availability. IIS 6.0 protects the server, and other applications, by automatically
disabling Web sites and applications that fail too often within a short amount of time
Automatic Process Recycling--- IIS 6.0 automatically stops and restarts faulty Web sites and
applications based on a flexible set of criteria, including CPU utilization and memory consumption,
while queuing requests
Rapid-fail Protection---- If an application fails too often within a short amount of time, IIS 6.0 will
automatically disable it and return a "503 Service Unavailable" error message to any new or
queued requests to the application
Difference between NT & 2000
NT SAM database is a flat database. Where as in windows 2000 active directory database is a
hierarchical database.
In windows NT only PDC is having writable copy of SAM database but the BDC is only read only
database. In case of Windows 2000 both DC and ADC is having write copy of the database
Windows NT will not support FAT32 file system. Windows 2000 supports FAT32
Default authentication protocol in NT is NTLM (NT LAN manager). In windows 2000 default
authentication protocol is Kerberos V5.
Windows 2000 depends and Integrated with DNS. NT user Netbios names
Active Directory can be backed up easily with System state data
Difference between 2000 & 2003
Application Server mode is introduced in windows 2003

Possible to configure stub zones in windows 2003 DNS
Volume shadow copy services is introduced
Windows 2003 gives an option to replicate DNS data b/w all DNS servers in forest or All DNS
servers in the domain.
Difference between PDC & BDC

PDC contains a write copy of SAM database where as BDC contains read only copy of SAM
database. It is not possible to reset a password or create objects without PDC in Windows NT.
Difference between DC & ADC

There is no difference between in DC and ADC both contains write copy of AD. Both can also
handles FSMO roles (If transfers from DC to ADC). It is just for identification. Functionality wise
there is no difference.
What is DNS & WINS?

DNS is a Domain Naming System, which resolves Host names to IP addresses. It uses fully
qualified domain names. DNS is a Internet standard used to resolve host names.
WINS is a Windows Internet Name Service, which resolves Netbios names to IP Address. This is
proprietary for Windows
Types of DNS Servers
Primary DNS
Secondary DNS

Active Directory Integrated DNS
Forwarder
Caching only DNS
If DHCP is not available what happens to the client

Client will not get IP and it cannot be participated in network. If client already got the IP and having
lease duration it use the IP till the lease duration expires.
What are the different types of trust relationships?

Implicit Trusts
Explicit TrustsNT to Win2k or Forest to Forest
What is the process of DHCP for getting the IP address to the client?
There is a four way negotiation process b/w client and serverDHCP Discover (Initiated by client)
DHCP Offer (Initiated by server)

DHCP Select (Initiated by client)
DHCP Acknowledgement (Initiated by Server)
DHCP Negative Acknowledgement (Initiated by server if any issues after DHCP offer)
Difference between FAT, NTFS & NTFSVersion5

NTFS Version 5 features
Encryption is possible
We can enable Disk Quotas
File compression is possible
Sparse files
Indexing Service
NTFS change journal
In FAT file system we can apply only share level security. File level protection is not possible. In
NTFS we can apply both share level as well as file level security
NTFS supports large partition sizes than FAT file systems
NTFS supports long file names than FAT file systems
What are the port numbers for FTP, Telnet, HTTP, DNS?
FTP-21, Telnet 23, HTTP-80, DNS-53, Kerberos-88, LDAP-389
What are the different types of profiles in 2000?
Local Profiles
Roaming profiles
Mandatory Profiles
What is the database files used for Active Directory?

The key AD database filesedb.log, ntds.dit, res1.log, res2.log, and edb.chkall of which reside
in \%systemroot%\ntds on a domain controller (DC) by default. During AD installation, Dcpromo
lets you specify alternative locations for these log files and database files
NTDS.DIT
What is the location of AD DATABASE?

%System root%/NTDS/NTDS>DIT
What is the authentication protocol used in NT

NTLM (NT LAN Manager)
What is subnetting and supernetting

Subnetting is the process of borrowing bits from the host portion of an address to provide bits for
identifying additional sub-networks
Supernetting merges several smaller blocks of IP addresses (networks) that are continuous into
one larger block of addresses. Borrowing network bits to combine several smaller networks into
one larger network does supernetting
What is the use of terminal services?

Terminal services can be used as Remote Administration mode to administer remotely as well as
Application Server Mode to run the application in one server and users can login to that server to
user that application.
What is the protocol used for terminal services?

RDP
What is the port number for RDP?

3389
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Windows Server Support Interview Questions and Answers

wasseemkhaan.blogspot.in/search/label/Interview Questions and Answers 1/18

RAID 1- Mirroring (minimum 2 HDD required)

RAID 5 Striping With Parity (Minimum 3 HDD required)

RAID levels 1 and 5 only gives redundancy

What are the different backup strategies are available

What is a global catalog

What is Active Directory and what is the use of it

wasseemkhaan.blogspot.in/search/label/Interview Questions and Answers 2/18

What is the physical and logical structure of AD?

Active directory is logically divided into 3 partitions

1.Configuration partition 2. Schema Partition 3. Domain partition 4. Application Partition (only in

What is the process of user authentication (Kerberos V5) in windows 2000?

Kerberos 88, LDAP 389, Global Catalog 3268

What is the use of LDAP (X.500 standard?)

What is the role responsible for time synchronization?

What is TTL & how to set TTL time in DNS?

We can set TTL in SOA (start of authority record) of DNS

How to take DNS and WINS, DHCP backup

What is recovery console

We can copy, rename, or replace operating system files and folders

What is DFS & its usage

The maximum number of Dfs roots per server is 1.

What is RIS and what are its requirements

wasseemkhaan.blogspot.in/search/label/Interview Questions and Answers 3/18

How many root replicas can be created in DFS?

What is the difference between Domain DFS and Standalone DFS?

Can we establish trust relationship between two forests?

In Windows 2000 it is not possible. In Windows 2003 it is possible

What is FSMO Roles

Flexible single master operation (FSMO) roles are

Brief all the FSMO Roles

wasseemkhaan.blogspot.in/search/label/Interview Questions and Answers 4/18

Relative ID (RID) Master:

The PDC emulator is necessary to synchronize time in an enterprise. Windows 2000/2003

Account lockout is processed on the PDC emulator.

How to manually configure FSMO Roles to separate DCs

The five FSMO roles are:

Schema master - Forest-wide and one per forest.

Domain naming master - Forest-wide and one per forest.

RID master - Domain-specific and one for each domain.

PDC - PDC Emulator is domain-specific and one for each domain.

Infrastructure master - Domain-specific and one for each domain.

wasseemkhaan.blogspot.in/search/label/Interview Questions and Answers 5/18

Method #1: Know the default settings

Method #2: Use the GUI

FSMO Role Which snap-in should I use?

Finding the Domain Naming Master via GUI

Finding the Schema Master via GUI

To find out who currently holds the Schema Master Role:

Method #3: Use the Ntdsutil command

wasseemkhaan.blogspot.in/search/label/Interview Questions and Answers 6/18

select operation target: List roles for connected server

Server "server100" knows about 5 roles

Schema - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Domain - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

PDC - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

RID - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

Infrastructure - CN=NTDS Settings,CN=SERVER100,CN=Servers,CN=Default-First-Site-

select operation target: