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I Ship Technology
1 Seagoing Ships
14 Redundant Propulsion and Steering Systems
Edition 2000
The following Rules come into force on 1st August 2000
The respective latest edition of the "General Terms and Conditions" are applicable
(see Rules for Classification and Construction, I Ship Technology, Part 10 Classification and Surveys)
Reproduction by printing or photostatic means is only permissible with the consent of Germanischer Lloyd.
Germanischer Lloyd
Head Office
Vorsetzen 32, D-20459 Hamburg
Telephone: 0 40/36 14 9-0, Telefax: 0 40/36 14 92 00
Telex: 21 28 28 glhh d, Cables: klassenlloyd hamburg
e-mail: headoffice@germanlloyd.org
Table of Contents
Section 3 Requirements
A. General Requirements ................................................................................................................ 3- 1
B. Requirements for Propulsion Systems ........................................................................................ 3- 1
C. Requirements for Steering Systems ............................................................................................ 3- 2
D. Compartment Separation Requirements for RP3 x% ................................................................. 3- 3
Section 4 Trials
A. Requirements .............................................................................................................................. 4- 1
I - Part 1 Index Chapter 14
GL 2000 Page 5
Index
A
Alarms .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Auxiliary systems .................................................................................................................................... 2-1, 3-1, 3-2
Azimuth propulsion system ............................................................................................................................. 1-1, 2-2
Azimuth propulsion units ....................................................................................................................................... 3-2
B
Block diagrams ...................................................................................................................................................... 1-2
Bulkheads ............................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
Bus tie .................................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Bus tie switch/breaker ............................................................................................................................................ 3-2
C
Compartment separation ........................................................................................................................................ 3-3
Compartments ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-1
Connection line ............................................................................................................................................... 3-1, 3-2
Control air systems ................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
Control and monitoring systems ............................................................................................................................. 3-2
Controls .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
Converter systems .................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
Cooling water systems ........................................................................................................................................... 3-1
D
Design speed .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
E
Electric propulsion systems .................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Emergency control ................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
Emergency exits ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
Emergency operation ............................................................................................................................................. 3-2
F
Fire ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Fire resistance ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
FMEA ............................................................................................................................................................. 1-2, 4-1
Fuel systems ........................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
Fuel treatment ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
Chapter 14 Index I - Part 1
Page 6 GL
H
Heating facilities .................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
I
Ice class notation ................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Ingress of water ..................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Initiating events .............................................................................................................................................. 1-1, 2-1
Interconnection ...................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
J
Joystick controls .................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
L
Level of redundancy ....................................................................................................................................... 1-1, 2-1
Loading condition .................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
Lubrication oil systems .......................................................................................................................................... 3-1
M
Main propulsion power .......................................................................................................................................... 1-1
Manoeuvrability .................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
Manoeuvring qualities ........................................................................................................................................... 1-2
Minimum speed ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-1
Model tests ..................................................................................................................................................... 1-2, 3-1
Monitoring devices ................................................................................................................................................ 3-2
P
Partition bulkhead ........................................................................................................................................... 3-1, 3-2
Partitions ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
Power management ................................................................................................................................................ 3-2
Preheating .............................................................................................................................................................. 3-1
Propulsion configurations ...................................................................................................................................... 2-1
Propulsion systems ......................................................................................................................................... 1-1, 3-1
PTI propulsion system ........................................................................................................................................... 2-1
R
Rudder position indicators ..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Rudders .................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2
S
Sea trials .................................................................................................................................................. 1-2, 3-1, 4-1
Seawater supply ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Separation of the compartments ............................................................................................................................ 2-1
I - Part 1 Index Chapter 14
GL 2000 Page 7
T
Tests ................................................................................................................................................................ 1-2, 4-1
Transformers .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Trials ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4-1
U
Uninterrupted power supplies ................................................................................................................................ 3-2
Uninterrupted power supply systems (UPS) ................................................................................................... 3-1, 3-2
V
Ventilation ............................................................................................................................................................. 3-3
Ventilation systems ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3
W
Watertight bulkheads ............................................................................................................................................. 3-3
Watertight doors .................................................................................................................................................... 3-3
Weather conditions ................................................................................................................................................ 3-1
X
x% ....................................................................................................................................................................... 2-1
I - Part 1 Section 1 C General Rules and Instructions Chapter 14
GL 2000 Page 11
Section 1
A. General
A system for controlling the course of the ship. It
consists of the rudder, the rudderstock and the steering
1. The Rules relating to redundant propulsion gear together with all the requisite monitoring and
and steering systems apply to ships, which are control systems, alarm and safety systems.
classified by Germanischer Lloyd (GL) and are to
receive the notation RP1 x%, RP2 x% or RP3 x% Azimuth propulsion system:
affixed to the character of classification. A combined system for steering the ship and provision
of propulsion power. Podded drives, rudder propellers,
The Rules apply in addition to the Societys Rules for
rotatable waterjets and cycloid propellers are regarded
Classification and Construction, in particular
as azimuth propulsion systems within the context of
- Chapter 1, Hull structures these Rules.
- Chapter 2, Machinery installations The requirements stated in these Rules are based on
system configurations with a conventional shaft pro-
- Chapter 3, Electrical installations pulsion system for providing propulsion and with a
steering system for controlling the ships course.
- Chapter 4, Automation
In the case of azimuth propulsion systems, the re-
quirements relating to propulsion systems and steering
2. The Rules for redundant propulsion and systems apply in an analogous manner unless other
steering systems stipulate the level of redundancy for requirements specific to azimuth propulsion systems
the propulsion and steering systems. It is characterised are explicitly specified.
by the appropriate notation to be affixed to the char-
acter of classification. Main propulsion power:
The total power provided by the prime movers in-
3. The Rules are based on the single-failure stalled to provide propulsion. Unless otherwise speci-
concept. fied, this does not include the power provided by pro-
pulsion units, which can be switched on when required
but are not intended to provide propulsion during
normal operation, e.g. shaft-driven generators in
power take-in mode or additional waterjet propulsion
units.
B. Definitions
Level of redundancy:
These Rules are subject to the following definitions: The classification of mechanical, electrical and spatial
Single-failure concept: separation and also the independence of the systems
required for propulsion and steering. The redundant
The basis of the single-failure concept within the propulsion power of the propulsion system is denoted
context of these Rules is: With regard to a possible by the additional index x%.
loss of propulsion or steering capability of the ship,
only one single failure (initiating event) is acceptable Example: The additional index 40 % means, that
at any given time. The simultaneous occurrence of following a failure of one of the redundant propulsion
unrelated failures is excluded. Exception to this rule is systems, at least 40 % of the main propulsion power
the common occurrence of failures, if they arise as an will still be available.
inevitable consequence of a single primary failure.
Propulsion system:
A system, which provides thrust to propel the ship. It C. Documents to be submitted
consists of propulsion machines and the auxiliary
systems needed to operate them, all the equipment to 1. Compliance with the requirements set out in
transmit propulsion power into thrust and all the re- Section 3, in accordance with the notation applied for,
quisite monitoring and control systems, alarm and must be demonstrated by block diagrams, schematic
safety systems. drawings, descriptions of system functions and
operation, calculations and arrangement plans.
Steering system:
Chapter 14 Section 1 C General Rules and Instructions I - Part 1
Page 12 GL 2000
Model tests or calculations shall be used to show the mon cause. The identification of technical elements
speed and manoeuvring qualities that have to be and/or operational procedures, which could undermine
attained during sea trials in order to demonstrate the redundancy concept, must also be accounted for.
compliance with the requirements set out in Section 3,
Part A.
For the notation RP1 x%, the FMEA only has to be
performed for the redundant propulsion machines and
2. A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) their requisite auxiliary systems. The events of water
or an equivalent analysis must be conducted for the ingress or fire in a machinery compartment, and a
propulsion and steering systems, and for the auxiliary failure of any of the common elements of the propul-
systems and control systems needed to operate them. sion train, in accordance with Section 2, Part B, do not
have to be considered.
The analysis must demonstrate that a single failure
cannot lead to any loss in propulsion and/or in steering
ability in accordance with the requirements set out in For the notation RP2 x%, the FMEA has to be per-
Section 3, Part A. formed for the redundant propulsion and steering
systems and their requisite auxiliary systems. The
The analysis shall further demonstrate that measures events of water ingress or fire in a machinery com-
are in place for failure detection and control of possi- partment and water ingress in a steering gear com-
ble effects and that these measures are adequate to partment do not have to be considered.
ensure in particular that the propulsion and steering of
the ship can be rapidly restored.
In addition, the analysis must deal with the identifica- 3. A programme of tests to be conducted during
tion of possible failure conditions, which have a com- sea trials must be submitted for approval.
I - Part 1 Section 2 B Notation Affixed to the Character of Classification Chapter 14
GL 2000 Page 21
Section 2
PTI
PM
G PM
G
PM
A B
Examples for notation RP1 x%
G PM
WJ
G PM
G PM
C D
Examples for notation RP2 x%
watertight bulkhead
A-60 bulkhead
G PM
G PM WJ
G PM
E F
Examples for notation RP3 x%
Abbreviations: PM = Propulsion machine
G = Gearbox
WJ = Waterjet unit
PTI = Shaft - driven generator in Power Take-In mode
Fig. 2.1 System configurations for notations RP1 x%, RP2 x% and RP3 x% (Examples)
I - Part 1 Section 3 B Requirements Chapter 14
GL 2000 Page 31
Section 3
Requirements
On ships with class notation RP3 x%, a shut-off valve Where power management systems are required to
must be fitted on either side of the partition bulkhead provide a reliable power supply to the propulsion
between the machinery compartments. systems, these must also be of redundant design.
1.5 The seawater supply of redundant propulsion 3. Control and monitoring systems
systems may be achieved via a common sea chest
connection by means of a pump assigned to each 3.1 Controls
propulsion system. The systems must be capable of
being isolated by means of a shut-off valve in the The redundant propulsion system must be capable of
connection line. being controlled by means of a simple control from
the ships bridge. A local control must also be pro-
On ships with class notation RP3 x% the sea chests vided for emergency operation.
are to be installed in separate compartments in accor-
dance with Section 3, para. D.1. The shut-off valve in Common controls, e.g. joystick controls that operate
the connection line must be fitted to the partition redundant propulsion systems must be designed so
bulkhead and be capable of being operated either from that a single failure does not affect an intact system,
both machinery compartments or from a position and the control remains possible without restriction by
outside the machinery compartments. means of another method of control (individual
control or emergency control).
1.6 On ships which carry the ice class notation In the case of multiple propulsion systems, a central
E1 to E4, the seawater cooling systems must be emergency control facility must be provided, for ex-
designed so that if one seawater cooling system fails it ample from the machinery control room, at which it is
is possible to operate the redundant propulsion system possible to adjust the speed and direction of rotation of
when the ship is operating in ice conditions. the propulsion machines centrally.
On ships with class notation RP3 x% it must be possi-
ble to operate the redundant propulsion system when 3.2 Monitoring devices
one of the seawater cooling systems fails, in accor- The redundant propulsion machines and their auxiliary
dance with the compartment separation requirements systems are to be monitored by independent alarm
specified in Section 3.D.1. systems. Alarms and status indicators are to be
provided in the machinery compartment and on the
2. Auxiliary systems for electric propulsion bridge.
systems
If the ship's steering ability is impaired, even when the partitions must comply with a fire integrity standard of
propulsion of a defective azimuth propulsion system is at least "A-0".
disconnected, to the extent that the requirements stated
in Section 3.A cannot be met, it must be possible to 1.3 Partition walls of machinery compartments,
move and to lock the defective azimuth propulsion which are isolated from each other by cofferdams,
unit into the midships position. tanks or other spaces, must comply with a fire integ-
rity standard of at least A-0.
1.1 Redundant propulsion systems and steering Watertight doors must not be regarded as emergency
systems must be separated from each other by water- exits for category A machinery compartments under
tight bulkheads. the terms of SOLAS II-2/28.3.1 and II-2/45.3.
Section 4
Trials
A. Requirements
Tests are to be performed during sea trials in
accordance with an approved sea trials programme.
The tests are designed to prove that
- the ship is able to meet the requirements set
out in Section 3,
- the propulsion and steering systems have the
necessary redundancy in line with the nota-
tion applied for,
- the conclusions drawn in the FMEA
regarding the effects of failure conditions and
measures to detect and control these failure
conditions are correct and adequate.