MP 1

PARABOLA

C1 Conic Sections :
A conic section, or conic is the locus of a point which moves in a plane so that its distance from a fixed
point is in a constant ratio to its perpendicular distance from a fixed straight line and this constant ratio is
called eccentricity denoted by e.
Value of e Types of conics
e=1 Parabola
0<e<1 Ellipse
e>1 Hyperbola
e=0 Circle
e= Pair of straight lines
Important definitions related to conic section :
The fixed point is called the focus and any chord passing through the focus is called focal chord.
The fixed straight line is called the directrix and the line passing through the focus and perpendicular to the
directrix is called the axis.
A point of intersection of a conic with its axis is called a vertex.
A straight line drawn perpendicular to the axis and terminated at both end of the curve is a double ordinate
of the conic section.
The double ordinate passing through the focus is called the latus rectum of the conic section.
The point which bisects every chord of the conic passing through it, is called the centre of the conic
section.
C2 General equation of a conic :
The general equation of a conic with focus (, ) and directrix lx + my + n = 0 is :
(l2 + m2) [(x p)2 + (y q)2] = e2 (lx + my + n)2 which is equivalent to
ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0. The determinant of the above equation is given by
= abc + 2fgh af2 bg2 ch2 = 0
C3 Recogination of different conics :
The nature of the conic section depends upon the position of the focus S w.r.t. the directrix and also upon
the value of the eccentricity e. Two different cases arise :
Case (I) when the focus lies on the directrix and = 0 then the general equation of the conic represents a
pair of straight lines if
h2 > ab then the lines will be real and distinct intersecting at S.
h2 = ab then the lines will coincident.
h2 < ab then the lines will be imaginary
Case (II) when the focus does not lie on directrix and 0 then
a parabola an ellipse a hyperbola rectangular hyperbola
e = 1; 0 0 < e < 1; 0; e > 1; 0 e>1;0
2 2 2
h = ab h < ab h > ab h2 > ab; a + b = 0
Practice Problems :
1. What conic does the equation represent :
(i) 25[x2 + y2 2x + 1] = (4x 3y + 1)2
(ii) 13x2 18xy + 37y2 + 2x + 14y 2 = 0

(iii) ax by 1
[Answers : (1) (i) parabola (ii) ellipse (iii) parabola]

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 2
PARABOLA
C4 Definition and Some Terms related to Parabola
A parabola is the locus of a point, whose distance from a fixed point (focus) is equal to perpendicular
distance from a fixed straight line (directix). Four standard forms of the parabola are y2 = 4ax; y2 = 4ax;
x2 = 4ay; x2 = 4ay
For parabola y2 = 4ax

(i) Vertex is A(0, 0) (ii) focus is S(a, 0)

(iii) Axis is y = 0 (iv) Directrix is x + a = 0
(v) Focal Distance : The distance of a point on the parabola from the focus i.e., SP
(vi) Focal Chord : A chord of the parabola, which passes through the focus i.e., SP
(vii) Double Ordinate : A chord of the parabola perpendicular to the axis of the symmetry i.e., PP
(viii) Latus Rectum : A double ordinate passing through the focus or a focal chord perpendicular to
the axis of parabola is called the Latus Rectum (L.R.) i.e., LL
For y2 = 4ax, the ends of the latus rectum are L(a, 2a) and L(a, 2a) and length of the latus
rectum = 4a
(ix) Parametric Representation : The simplest and the best form of representing the co-ordinates
of a point on the parabola is (at2, 2at) i.e. the equation x = at2 and y = 2at together represents the
parabola y2 = 4ax, t being the parameter.
Some other Points :
(i) Perpendicular distance from focus on directrix = half the latus rectum.
(ii) Vertex is middle point of the focus and the point of intersection of directrix and axis.
(iii) Two parabolas are said to be equal if they have the same latus rectum.
(iv) Other forms of parabola
(1) Parabola y2 = 4ax, a > 0
(a) Vertex is A(0, 0)
(b) Focus is S(a, 0)
(c) Equation of the directrix MZ is x a = 0
(d) Equation of the axis is y = 0 i.e., x-axis
(e) Equation of the tangent at the vertex is x = 0 i.e., y-axis
(f) Length of latus rectum = LL 4a
(g) Extremities of latus rectum are L (a, 2a) and L (a, 2a)
(h) Equation of latus rectum is x = a i.e., x + a = 0
(i) Parametric co-ordinates is (at2, 2at)

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 3
(2) Parabola x2 = 4ay, a > 0
(a) Vertex is A(0, 0)
(b) Focus is S (0, a)
(c) Equation of the directrix MZ is y + a = 0
(d) Equation of the axis is x = 0 i.e., y-axis
(e) Equation of the tangent at the vertex is y = 0 i.e.,
x-axis
(f) Extremities of latus rectum are L(2a, a)
and L( 2a, a) .

(g) Length of latus rectum = LL 4a

(h) Equation of latus rectum is y = a i.e., y a = 0
(i) Parametric co-ordinates is (2at, at2)
(3) Parabola x2 = 4ay, a > 0
(a) Vertex is A(0, 0)
(b) Focus is S (0, a)
(c) Equation of the directrix MZ is y a = 0
(d) Equation of the axis is x = 0 i.e., y-axis
(e) Equation of the tangent at the vertex is y = 0
i.e., x-axis
(f) Length of latus rectum = LL 4a
(g) Extremities of latus rectum are L(2a, a) and L(2a, a)
(h) Equation of latus rectum is y = a i.e., y + a = 0
(i) Parametric co-ordinates is (2at2, at2)
(v) Position of a point Relative to a Parabola : The point (x1, y1) lies outside, on or inside the
parabola y2 = 4ax according as the expression y12 4ax1 is positive, zero or negative.
Practice Problems :
1. Find the equation of the parabola
(i) Focus is at (1, 2) and the directrix is the straight line x 2y + 3 = 0
(ii) Focus is at (4, 3) and vertex is (4, 1)
2. PP is a double ordinate of a parabola y2 = 4ax. Find the locus of its point of trisection.
3. Determine the name of the curve described parametrically by the equations
x = t2 + t + 1, y = t2 t + 1.
4. What is the position of the point (2, 3) with respect to the parabola y2 = 3x.
5. Find the vertex, focus, directrix and length of the latus rectum of the parabola y2 4y 2x 8 = 0.
6. Find the equation of the parabola the extremities of whose latus rectum are (1, 2) and (1, 4).
[Answers : (1) (i) 4x2 + y2 + 4xy + 4x + 32y + 16 = 0 (ii) x2 8x + 8y + 24 = 0 (2) 9y2 = 4ax (3) Parabola
(4) outside]

C5 Line and a Parabola :

The line y = mx + c meets the parabola y2 = 4ax in two points real if a > mc, coincident if a = mc or
imaginary if a < mc. The condition of tangency is c = a/m.

4
Length of the chord intercepted by the parabola on the line y = mx + c is 2 a(1 m 2 )(a mc )
m

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 4
In Parametric Form :
1. The equation of a chord joining t1 and t2 is 2x (t1 + t2)y + 2at1t2 = 0
2. If t1 and t2 are the ends of a focal chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax then t1t2 = 1. Hence the

a 2a
co-ordinates at the extremities of a focal chord can be taken as (at2, 2at) and 2
,
t t
Practice Problems :
1. If the point (at2, 2at) be the extremity of a focal chord of parabola y2 = 4ax then show that the length
2
1
of the focal chord is a t .
t

2. Prove that the semi latus rectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax is the harmonic mean between the segment
of any focal chord of the parabola.
3. Show that the focal chord of parabola y2 = 4ax makes an angle with the x-axis is of length
4a cosec2.
4. Prove that the straight line lx + my + n = 0 touches the parabola y2 = 4ax if ln = am2.
5. Show that the line x cos + y sin = p touches the parabola y2 = 4ax if p cos + a sin2 = 0 and that
the point of contact is (a tan2, 2a tan ).

C6 Equation of Tangents to the Parabola y2 = 4ax :

(i) at the point (x1, y1) is yy1 = 2a(x + x1)

a 2a a
(ii) at the point 2 , is y mx (m 0) at
m m m
(iii) at the point (at2, 2at) or t is ty = x + at2
Point of intersection of the tangents at the point t1 and t2 is [at1t2, a(t1 + t2)]
Practice Problems :
1. Find the equation of the common tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4by.
2. The tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax make angle 1 and 2 with x-axis. Find the locus of the their
point of intersection if cot 1 + cot 2 = c.
3. The tangent to the parabola y2 = 4ax at P(at21, 2at1) and Q(at22, 2at2) intersect at R. Prove that the
1 2
area of the triangle PQR is a | (t 1 t 2 ) |3 .
2
4. Find the locus of the point of intersection of the tangents to the parabola y2 = 4ax which include an
angle .
5. Find the common tangents of x2 + y2 = 2a2 and y2 = 8ax
[Answers : (1) a1/3x + b1/3y + a2/3b2/3 = 0 (2) y = ac]

C7 Equation of Normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax :

y1
(i) at (x1, y1) is y y 1 ( x x1 ) ;
2a
(ii) at (am2, 2am) is y = mx 2am am3
(iii) at (at2, 2at) is y + tx = 2at + at3
Important Points :
(i) Point of intersection of normals at t1 and t2 are a [(t12 + t22 + t1t2 + 2), at1t2(t1 + t2)].
(ii) If the normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax at the point t1 meets the parabola again at the point t2
2
then t2 = t 1 .
t1

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 5
(iii) If the normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax at the points t1 and t2 intersect again on the parabola at
the point t3 then t1t2 = 2; t3 = (t1 + t2) and the line joining t1 and t2 passes through a fixed point
(2a, 0).
Practice Problems :
1. Show that normal to the parabola y2 = 8x at the point (2, 4) meets it again at (18, 12). Find also the
length of the normal chord.
2. Prove that the chord y x2 + 4a2 = 0 is a normal chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax. Also, find the
point on the parabola when the given chord is normal to the parabola.
3. Prove that the normal chord to a parabola y2 = 4ax at the point whose ordinate is equal to abscissa
subtends a right angle at the focus.
4. The ordinates of points P and Q on the parabola y2 = 12x are in the ratio 1 : 2. Find the locus of the
point of intersection of the normals to the parabola at P and Q.
[Answers : (1) 162 (2) (2a, 22a]

C8 Co-normal points :
In general three normals can be drawn from a point to a parabola and the points where they meet the
parabola are called co-normal points.
Practice Problems :
1. Consider a point (h, k) from which three normals are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax. If the slopes of
these normals are m1, m2 and m3 then prove that (i) m1 + m2 + m3 = 0 (ii) m1m2 + m2m3 + m3m1 =
( 2a h ) k
(iii) m1m2m3 = (iv) The algebraic sum of ordinates of the feets of three normals drawn
a a
to a parabola from a given point is zero (v) If three normals be real then h > 2a (vi) The centroid of
the triangle formed by the feet of the three normals lies on the axis of the parabola (vii) If three
normals be real and distinct then 27ak2 < 4(h 2a)3.
2. Show that the locus of points such that two of the three normals drawn from them to the parabola
y2 = 4ax coincide is 27ay2 = 4(x 2a)3.
3. Find the locus of the point through which pass three normals to the parabola y2 = 4ax such that
two of them make angles and respectively with the axis such that tan tan = 2.
4. Consider a point (h, k) from which three normals are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax. Find the
equation of the circle which will pass through the three co-normal points of this parabola.

k
[Answers : (3) y2 4ax = 0 (4) x 2 y 2 ( 2a h )x y 0]
2

C9 Pair of Tangents :
The equation to the pair of tangents which can be drawn from any outside point (x1, y1) to the parabola
y2 = 4ax is given by SS1 = T2 where S y2 4ax, S1 = y12 4ax1, T y y1 2a(x + x1)
C10 Director Cicle :
Locus of the point of intersection of the perpendicular tangents to a curve is called the Director Circle. For
parabola y2 = 4ax its equation is x + a = 0 which is parabolas own directrix.
C11 Chord of Contact :
The chord joining the points of contact of two tangents drawn from an external point to a parabola is known
as the chord of contact of tangents drawn from external point. Equation to the chord of contact of tangents
drawn from a point P(x1, y1) to the parabola y2 = 4ax is yy1 = 2a (x + x1).
C12 Chord with a given middle point :

2a
Equation of the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax whose middle point is (x1, y1) is y y1 = ( x x1 ) or T = S1
y1
where T = yy1 2a(x + x1) and S1 = y12 4ax1

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 6
Practice Problems :
1. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by the tangents from the point (x1, y1) and the chord of
contact is (y12 4ax1)3/2 / 2a.
2. Tangents are drawn from the point (x1, y1) to the parabola y2 = 4ax, show that the length of their
1
chord of contact is ( y 12 4ax1 )( y 12 4a 2 ) .
|a|
3. Find the locus of the mid points of the chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax which subtend a right angle at
the vertex of the parabola.
4. Show that the locus of the middle points of normal chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax is
y4 2a(x 2a)y2 + 8a4 = 0.
5. Through the vertex O of a parabola y2 = 4x chords OP and OQ are drawn at right angles to one
another. Show that for all positions of P, PQ cuts the axis of the parabola at a fixed point. Also find
the locus of the middle point of PQ.
[Answers : (3) y2 2ax + 8a2 = 0]

C13 Diameter :
The locus of the middle points of a system of parallel chords is called a diameter and in case of a parabola
this diameter is shown to be a straight line which is parallel to the axis of the parabola.
Practice Problems :
1. Find the equation of the diameter bisecting chords of slope m of the parabola y2 = 4ax ?
2. If the diameter through any point P of a parabola meets any chord in A and the tangent at the end of
the chord meets the diameter in B and C, then prove that PA2 = PB PC.

2a
[Answers : (1) y ]
m

C14 Pole and Polar

From any point P (inside or outside the parabola), a straight line is drawn which intersects the parabola at
Q and R. Now the tangents are drawn to the parabola at Q and R. The locus of the point of intersection of
these tangents is called the polar of the given point P with respect to parabola and the point P is called the
pole of the polar.
Practice Problems :
1. From any point P(x1, y1) (inside or outside the parabola), a straight line is drawn which intersects the
parabola y2 = 4ax at Q and R. Now the tangents are drawn to the parabola at Q and R. Find the locus
of the point of intersection of these tangents ?
2. Find the pole of the given line px + qy + r = 0 with respect to the parabola y2 = 4ax ?
3. Find the locus of the poles of normal chord of y2 = 4ax.
4. Find the locus of the poles of the chords of the parabola y2 = 4ax which subtend a constant angle at
the vertex.

r 2aq
[Answers : (1) yy1 = 2a(x + x1) (2) , (3) (x + 2a)y2 + 4a3 = 0 (4) (4a + x)2tan2 = 4(y2 4ax)]
p p

C15 Reflection theory of a Parabolic Mirror :

Any set of rays, parallel to the axis of the parabola, are incident on a parabolic reflector then after the
reflection, these rays pass through the focus of the parabola.

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 7
Practice Problems :
1. A ray of light moving parallel to x-axis given by y = b is incident on a parabolic mirror represented
by the equation y2 = 4ax. Find the equation of the reflected ray.
2. The focus of a parabolic mirror as shown in figure is at a distance of 5 cm from its vertex. If the
mirror is 45 cm deep. Then find the distance AB ?

[Answers : (1) (y b) (4a2 b2) = (4ax b2) (2) 60 cm]

C16 Important Highlights :

(i) If the tangent and normal at any point P of the parabola intersect the axis at T and G then
ST = SG = SP where S is the focus. In other words the tangent and the normal at a point P on the
parabola are the bisector of the angle between the focal radius SP and the perpendicular from P
on the directrix. From this we conclude that all rays emanating from S will become parallel to the
axis of the parabola after reflection
(ii) The portion of a tangent to a parabola cut off between the directrix and the curve subtends a right
angle at the focus.
(iii) The tangent at the extremities of a focal chord intersect at right angles on the directrix, and hence
a circle on any focal chord as diameter touches the directrix. Also a circle on any focal radii of a
point P (at2, 2at) as diameter touches the tangent at the vertex and intercepts a chord of length

a 1 t 2 on a normal at the point P..

(iv) Any tangent to a parabola and the perpendicular on it from the focus meet on the tangent at the
vertex.
(v) Semi latus rectum of the parabola y2 = 4ax, is the harmonic mean between segments of any focal
chord of the parabola.
(vi) The area of the triangle formed by three points on a parabola is twice the area of the triangle
formed by the tangents at these points.
(vii) Length of subtangent at any point P(x, y) on the parabola y2 = 4ax equals twice the abscissa
of the point P. Note that the subtangent is bisected at the vertex.
(viii) Length of subnormal is constant for all points on the parabola and is equal to the semi latus
rectum.

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 8
SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE

1. The curve described parametrically by 7. It (at2, 2at) are the co-ordinates of one end of a
x = t2 + t + 1, y = t2 t + 1 represents : focal chord of the parabola y 2 = 4ax, then the
(a) a pair of straight lines co-ordinates of the other end are
(b) an ellipse (a) (at2, 2at) (b) (at2, 2at)
(c) a parabola a 2a a 2a
(d) a hyperbola (c) 2, (d) 2 ,
t t t t
2. Consider a circle with its centre lying on the focus
of the parabola y2 = 2p x such that it touches the 8. If P S Q is the focal chord of the parabola
directrix of the parabola. Then, a point of y2 = 8 x such that S P = 6. Then length S Q is
intersection of the circle and the parabola is (a) 6 (b) 4
(c) 3 (d) none of these
p p
(a) , p (b) ,p 9. 2
The point on the curve y = ax, the tangent at which
2 2 makes an angle of 450 with x-axis will be given by

p p a a a a
(c) , p (d) , p (a) , (b) ,
2 2 2 4 2 4
3. Three normals to the parabola y2 = x drawn through
a point (c, 0), then a a a a
(c) , (d) ,
4 2 4 2
1 1
(a) c (b) 10. The number of point (s) (x, y) (where x and y both
4 2 are perfect squares of integers) on the parabola
y2 = px, p being a prime number is
1
(c) c (d) none of these (a) one (b) zero
2
(c) two (d) infinite
4. If the normals from any point to the parabola
11. The equation of parabola whose focus is (0, 0) and
x2 = 4y cuts the line y = 2 in points whose abscissae
tangent at the vertex is x y + 1 = 0 will be
are in A.P., then the slopes of the tangents at 3
co-normal points are in (a) x2 + y2 + 2xy 4x + 4y 4 = 0
(a) A.P. (b) G.P. (b) x2 + y2 2xy 4x + 4y 4 = 0
(c) H.P. (d) none of these (c) x2 + y2 2xy 4x 4y + 4 = 0
5. The length of the chord of the parabola x2 = 4ay (d) none of these
passing through the vertex and having slope tan 12. The equation of the parabola with latus rectum
is joining the points (3, 6) and (3, 2) will be
(a) 4a cosec cot (b) 4a tan sec (a) (y 2)2 = 8(x 1)
(c) 4a cos cot (d) 4a sin tan (b) (y 2)2 = 8(x 5)
6. The two parabolas y2 = 4x and x2 = 4y intersect at a (c) both (a) and (b)
point P, whose abscissa is not zero, such that (d) none of these
(a) they both touches each other at P 13. The directrix of the parabola x = t 2 + 1 and
(b) they cut at right angles at P y = 2t + 1 will be
(c) the tangents to each other at P make (a) x=0 (b) y=0
complementary angles with the x-axis (c) x=1 (d) y=1
(d) none of the above 14. The area of the triangle formed by the lines joining
the vertex of the parabola x2 = 12y to the ends of its
latus rectum is
(a) 12 sq. unit (b) 16 sq. unit
(c) 18 sq. unit (d) 24 sq. unit

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 9
15. The point on the parabola y2 = 8x at which the 1/ 3 1/ 3
normal is parallel to the line x 2y + 5 = 0 a b 3
22. If then the angle of
b a 2
1 1
(a) , 2 (b) , 2 intersection of the parabola y2 = 4ax and x2 = 4by
2 2 at a point other then the origin is

1 1
(c) 2, (d) 2, (a) (b)
2 2 3 6

16. The straight line y = 2x + does not meet the

(c) =0 (d)
parabola y2 = 2x if 2
1 23. A line PQ meets the parabola y2 = 4ax in R such
(a) (b) =5 that PQ is bisected at R. If the coordinates of P are
4
(x1, y1). Then the locus of Q will be
(c) = 4 (d) = 1
(a) ellipse (b) hypebrola
17. The locus of the foot of perpendicular drawn to the
(c) circle (d) parabola
tangent of parabola y2 = 4ax from focus is
24. The curve described parametrically by x = t2 + t + 1
(a) x=0
and y = t2 t + 1 represents
(b) y=0
(a) parabola (b) hyperbola
(c) y2 = 2a(x + a)
(c) ellipse (d) circle
(d) x2 + y2 (x + a) = 0
25. The parabola y2 = 8x and the circle x2 + y2 = 2 have
18. The angle between the tangents drawn from the number of common tangents
origin to the parabola y2 = 4a(x a) is
(a) 0 (b) 1
(a) 900 (b) 300
(c) 2 (d)
1 26. 2
The focal chord to y = 16x is tangent to
(c) tan 1 (d) 450
2 (x 6)2 + y2 = 2 then the possible values of the slopes
of this chord are
19. The angle between the tangents drawn at the end
points of the latus rectum of parabola y2 = 4ax is (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) (d) tan1 (3/2)
2
(a) (b) 27. The equation of the parabola with (3, 0) as a focus
3 3
and x + 5 = 0 as a directrix will be
(a) y2 = 4(x 4) (b) y2 = 4(x + 4)
(c) (d)
4 2 (c) x2 = 4(y + 4) (d) x2 = 4(y 4)
20. The centre of the circle passing through the point 28. The line x 1 = 0 is the directrix of the parabola
(0, 1) and touching the curve y = x2 at (2, 4) is y2 kx + 8 = 0, then one of the values of k is
(a) k=8
16 27 16 5
(a) , (b) , (b) k = 8
5 10 7 10
(c) kR
16 53 (d) no real value of k
(c) , (d) none of these
5 10 29. If x + y = k is a normal to the parabola y2 = 12x then
k is
21. If the segment intercepted by the parabola y2 = 4ax
with the line lx + my + n = 0 subtends a right angle (a) k=9 (b) k=1
at the vertex then (c) kR (d) no real k
(a) 4al + n = 0 30. The point on the parabola y = 8x at which the2

(b) nal + 4am + n = 0 normal is inclined at 60 0 to the x-axis has the

coordinates
(c) 4am + n = 0
(a) (6, 43) (b) (6, 43)
(d) al + n = 0
(c) (43, 6) (d) (43, 6)

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 10
31. The tangents from (0, a) to the parabola 34. The locus of the mid point of the line segment
y2 + 4a2 = 4ax are inclined at joining the focus to a moving point on the parabola
y2 = 4ax is another parabola with directrix

(a) 0 (b) a
3 x
(a) x = a (b)
2

(c) (d) a
6 2 x
(c) x=0 (d)
32. The angle subtended at the focus by the normal 2
chord at the point (, ), 0 on the parabola 35. If P 1Q 1 and P 2Q 2 are two focal chords of the
y2 = 4ax is parabola y2 = 4ax, then the chords P1P2 and Q1Q2
intersect on the

(a) 0 (b) (a) directrix
6
(b) axis
(c) tangent at the vertex
(c) (d)
3 2 (d) none of these
33. Axis of a parabola is y = x and vertex and focus are
at a distance 2 and 22 respectively from the
origin. Then equation of the parabola is
(a) (x y)2 = 8(x + y 2)
(b) (x + y)2 = 2(x + y 2)
(c) (x y)2 = 4(x + y 2)
(d) (x + y)2 = 2(x y + 2)

ANSWERS (SINGLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE)

1. c 9. c 17. a 25. c 33. a
2. a 10. b 18. a 26. b 34. c
3. c 11. a 19. d 27. b 35. a
4. b 12. c 20. c 28. b
5. b 13. a 21. a 29. a
6. b 14. c 22. a 30. b
7. d 15. b 23. d 31. d
8. c 16. b 24. a 32. d

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 11
EXCERCISE BASED ON NEW PATTERN
COMPREHENSION TYPE 6. The focus of the parabola will be
Comprehension-1
25 100 25 100
The focus of any parabola is (1, 1) and the equation (a) , (b) ,
of tangent at the vertex of parabola is given by 43 129 43 129
x + y = 1 then
43 129 43 129
1. The equation of the parabola will be (c) , (d) ,
25 100 25 100
(a) x2 + y2 2xy 4x 4y + 4 = 0
(b) x2 + y2 + 2xy 4x 4y + 4 = 0 7. The equation of the directrix of the parbaola will
be
(c) x2 + y2 + 2xy 4x 4y 4 = 0
(d) x2 + y2 2xy 4x 4y 4 = 0 53
(a) 4x 3y 0
2. The length of the latus rectum of this parabola will 4
be
53
(a) 2 (b) 22 (b) 4x 3y 0
4
(c) 32 (d) 42
3. The area of the triangle formed by latus rectum 53
(c) 4x 3y 0
and the tangents at the vertices of latus rectum 4
drawn from the point of intersection of directrix
and axis of parabola will be 53
(d) 4x 3y 0
4
(a) 0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) 3 8. The vertex of the parabola will be
Comprehension-2 48 36 48 36
(a) , (b) ,
Any parabola whose axis is parallel to y-axis and 25 25 25 25
the parabola is passing through the points
(0, 4), (1, 9) and (2, 6) then 48 36 48 36
(c) , (d) ,
4. The length of latus rectum of this parabola will be 25 25 25 25
1 3 Comprehension-4
(a) (b)
2 2 Let the normals are drawn from any point (c, 0) to
the parabola y2 = x
5 7
(c) (d) 9. The maximum number of normals can be drawn
2 2
from the point (c, 0) to the parabola y2 = x is
5. Angle between the tangents of parabola drawn from
(a) 2 (b) 3
11 (c) 4 (d) 5
the any point on the line y = to the vertices of
4 10. The condition on c for which more than one nor-
focal chord is mal can be drawn
1
(a) 0 (b) (a) c=0 (b) c>
3 2
1
(c) (d) (c) c< (d) All values of c
6 2 2
Comprehension-3 11. The value of c for which two normals are perpen-
The equation of the some conics are given dicular to each other
7x2 + 2xy + 7y2 + 10x 10y + 7 = 0
1 5
7x2 2y2 + 12xy 2x + 9y 22 = 0 (a) c (b) c
4 4
9x2 24xy + 16y2 20x 15y 60 = 0
7 3
In the given conics one conic represents the (c) c (d) c
equation of parabola then 4 4

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 12
Comprehension-5 (D) The given line neither (s) {7/4}
Any point which divides a chord of slope 2 of the intersect nor touch the
parabola y2 = 4ax internally in the ratio 1 : 2 then parabola if possible
value of is
12. The locus of the point which divides a chord of
slope 2 of the parabola y2 = 4x internally in the ratio Matching-3
1 : 2. In column A the equation of parabola and its point
(a) ellipse (b) hyperbola of contact with normal is given. In Column B the
equation of normals are given. Match the column
(c) parabola (d) none A with suitable equations of normals in column B.
13. The focus of this conic will be Column - A Column - B
2
a 8a 3 9 (A) Parabola y = 4ax (p) Normal is
(a) , (b) ,
3 9 a 8a a
and point of contact y = mx 2a
m2
a 8a a 8a 2
(am , 2am)
(c) , (d) ,
3 9 3 9 (B) Parabola y2 = 4ax (q) Normal is
14. The vertex of the conic is a
point of contact y = mx + 2a +
m2
2a 8a 2a 8a
(a) , (b) , (am2, 2am)
9 9 9 9
(C) Parabola x2 = 4ay (r) Normal is
2a 8a 2a 8a 2a a
(c) , (d) , point of contact , 2 y = mx + 2am + am3
9 9 9 9 m m
MATRIX-MATCH TYPE (D) Parabola x2 = 4ay (s) Normal is
Matching-1
2a a
Match with the suitable parameters of the given point of contact 2 , 2 y = mx 2am am3
parabola 4x2 4x 2y + 3 = 0. m m
Column - A Column - B MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE
(A) Latus rectum (p) y=1 1. Consider a circle with its centre lying on the focus
of the parabola y2 = 2px such that it touches the
9 directrix of the parabola. Then a point of
(B) Directrix (q) y
8 intersection of the circle and the parabola is

7 P P
(C) Axis (r) y (a) ,P (b) , P
8 2 2

1
(D) Tangent at vertex (s) x P P
2 (c) ,P (d) , P
2 2
Matching-2
2. If P is a point which moves in x-y plane such that
The straight line is y = 2x + and the parabola is the point P is nearer to the centre of a square than
given y2 = 2x. Match column A with suitable values any of the sides. The four vertices of the square are
of column B. (a, a). The region in which P will move is bounded
Column - A Column - B by parts of parabola of which one has the
(A) The given line intersect (p) {1/4} equation.
the parabola if possible (a) y2 = a2 + 2ax (b) x2 = a2 + 2ay
value of is (c) y2 + 2ax = a2 (d) x2 + 2ay = a2
(B) The given line does not (q) {1/4} 3. The figure shows the parabola y = ax2 + bx + c then
intersect the parabola if
possible value of is
(C) The given line touches (r) {3/4}
the parabola if
possible value of is

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 13
(a) a<0 (b) c>0 (B) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
(c) b<0 (d) 2
b 4ac > 0 Statement-2 is NOT a correct
2
explanation for Statement-1
4. If a chord of parabola y = 4x touches the parabola
y2 = 8x, then (C) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is False
(a) The tangent at the extremities of the (D) Statement-1 is False, Statement-2 is True
chord meet on the parabola y2 = x
(b) The normals at the extremities of the 1. P, Q, R form a set of three co-normal points on
chord meet on the curve y2 = 2(x 2a)3 the parabola y2 = 4ax. The point of concurance of
(c) The tangent at the extremities of the the normals at P, Q, R is (h, k).
chord meet on the parabola is y = 2x2 STATEMENT-1 : The circle through P, Q, R
(d) The normals at the extremities of the passes through the vertex of the parabola.
chord meet on the curve 8y2 = (x 2a)3 STATEMENT-2 : The centre of the above circle
5. Normals at the points P, Q, R on the parabola h 2a k
y2 = 4ax meet in the point (h, k), then is , .
2 4
(a) the centroid of the triangle PQR is
2. Two tangents to the parabola x2 = 6y meet at the
2(h 2a)
,0 3
3 point 1, .
2
(b) the centroid of the triangle PQR is
STATEMENT-1 : The tangents are
h 2a perpendicular to each other.
, 0
3 STATEMENT-2 : Mutually perpendicular
(c) the orthocentre of the triangle PQR is tangents to the parabola meet on the line
2y + 3 = 0
k
h 6a, 3. STATEMENT-1 : Two parabola y 2 = 4ax and
2 y2 = 4c(x b) cannot have a common normal, other
(d) the orthocentre of the triangle PQR is than the axis.

k b
h 6a, STATEMENT-2 : 2.
2 ac
4. STATEMENT-1 : A point can be found such that
Assertion-Reason Type
the two tangents from it to be parabola y2 = 4ax
Each question contains STATEMENT-1 (Assertion) are normals to the parabola x2 = 4by.
and STATEMENT-2 (Reason). Each question has
STATEMENT-2 : a2 > 8b2
4 choices (A), (B), (C) and (D) out of which ONLY
ONE is correct. 5. On the parabola y2 = 4ax, three points E, F, G are
taken.
(A) Statement-1 is True, Statement-2 is True;
Statement-2 is a correct explanation STATEMENT-1 : The tangents at E and G
for Statement-1 intersect on the ordinate of F.
STATEMENT-2 : The ordinates of E, F and G are
in G.P.

(Answers) EXCERCISE BASED ON NEW PATTERN

COMPREHENSION TYPE
1. a 2. b 3. c 4. a 5. d 6. d
7. a 8. c 9. b 10. b 11. d 12. c
13. a 14. d
MATRIX-MATCH TYPE
1. [A-q; B-r;C-s; D-p] 2. [A-q; B-r, s; C-p; D-q, r, s] 3. [A-s; B-r; C-q; D-p]
MULTIPLE CORRECT CHOICE TYPE
1. a, b 2. a, b, c, d 3. a, b, c, d 4. a, b 5. a, c
ASSERTION-REASON TYPE
1. A 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. A

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 14
INITIAL STEP EXERCISE
(SUBJECTIVE)
1. Find the equation of the common tangents of 14. Find the vertex, directrix & focus of the parabola
(a) the parabolas y2 = 4ax & x2 = 4by (x + y 1)2 = 8 (2x + y 3).
(b) the circle x2 + y2 = 4ax & y2 = 4ax 15. Find the length of the normals drawn from the point
2. PN is an ordinate of the parabola; a straight line is on the axis of the parabola y2 = 8ax whose distance
drawn parallel to the axis to bisect NP and meets from the focus is 8a.
the curve in Q; prove that NQ meets the tangent at 16. Consider a circle with centre lying at the focus of
the parabola y 2 = 2px such that it touches the
2
the vertex in a point T such that AT NP . directrix of the parabola. Find the points of
3 intersection of the circle and the parabola.
3. If perpendiculars be drawn on any tangent to a 17. A parabola is drawn to pass through A and B, the
parabola from two fixed points on the axis, which ends of a diameter of a given circle of radius a, and
are equidistant from the focus prove that the have as directrix a tangent to a concentric circle of
difference of their squares is constant. radius b; the axes being AB and a perpendicular
4. Prove that the distance between a tangent to the diameter, prove that the locus of the focus of the
parabola and the parallel normal is a cosec sec2,
where is the angle that either makes with the axis. x2 y2
parabola is 2 2 1.
(parabola : y2 = 4ax). b b a2
5. From an external point P tangents are drawn to 18. If a2 > 8b2, prove that a point can be found such
the parabola ; find the equation to the locus of P that the tangents from it to the parabola
when these tangents make angle 1 and 2 with the y2 = 4ax are normals to the parabola x2 = 4by.
axis such that 19. Find the locus of
(a) tan1 + tan2 = b (a) the point of intersection of tangents to the
(b) tan1 tan2 = c parabola y2 = 4ax drawn at the end
(c) cot1 + cot2 = d points of focal chords.
(d) 1 + 2 = const. = 2a (b) the locus of the middle points of chords
(e) tan21 + tan22 = of the parabola which subtend a right
(f) cos1 cos2 = angle at the vertex, and prove that these
6. Find the locus of the middle points of chords of the chords have their mid-points on the
parabola which parabola.
(a) pass through the focus. 20. Find the locus of a point which is such that (a) two
(b) pass through the fixed point (h, k) of the normals drawn from it to the parabola are at
(c) are normal to the curve. right angles. (b) the three normals through it cut
(d) subtend a constant angle at the the axis in points whose distances from the vertex
vertex. are in arithmetical progression.
7. Show that the locus of the point that divides a chord 21. Tangents are drawn at any point (x1, y1) on the
of slope 2 of the parabola y2 = 4ax internally in the parabola y2 = 4ax. Now tangents are drawn from
ratio 1 : 2 is a parabola. any point on this tangent to the circle x2 + y2 = a2
8. Perpendicular chords OP and OQ are drawn such that all the chords of contact pass through a
through the vertex O of the parabola y2 = 4ax. Prove
that for all positions of P, PQ intersects the axis at a x y
fixed point (x2, y2). Prove that 4 1 1 0 .
fixed point. Find also the locus of the middle points x2 y 2
of PQ.
9. Prove that the line lx + my + n = 0 touches the 22. If from the vertex of a parabola a pair of chords be
parabola y2 = 4ax if ln = am2. drawn at right angles to one another and with these
10. Prove that the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax, whose chords as adjacent sides a rectangle be made, prove
equation is y x2 + 4a2 = 0 is a normal to the that the locus of the point diagonally opposite to
curve & that its length is 63 a. vertex of the rectangle is the parabola
11. Prove that the normal chord at the point whose y2 = 4a(x 8a)
abscissa is equal to its ordinate subtends a right 23. Find the equation of a circle which touches the
angle at the focus. y-axis and the parabolas y2= x and 2y = 2x2 5x + 1
12. Prove that for all values of , the line y = (x 11) only at the point where they touch each other and
cos cos 3 is a normal to the parabola y2 = 16x. at no other point.
13. Tangents to the parabola y2 = 8x make an angle of 24. Prove that the locus of the mid points of all the
450 with the straight line y = 3x + 5. Find the tangents drawn from points on the directrix to the
equation of tangents. parabola y2 = 4ax is y2(2x + a) = a(3x + a)2.

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 15
25. Show that the locus of the points of intersection of 26. Show that the locus of a point such that two of the
tangents to y2 = 4ax, which intercept a constant three normals drawn from it to the parabola
length d on the directrix is (y2 4ax) (x + a)2 = d2x2. y2 = 4ax coincide is 27ay2 = 4(x 2a)3.

FINAL STEP EXERCISE

(SUBJECTIVE)

1. Prove that the locus of the middle point of the 10. PNP is a double ordinate of the parabola ; prove
portion of a normal intercept between the curve & that the locus of the point of intersection of the
the axis is another parabola whose vertex is the fo- normal at P and the straight line through P
cus and whose latus rectum is one quarter of that parallel to the axis is the equal parabola y2 = 4a
of the original parabola. (x 4a) .
2. Prove that the area of the triangle formed by three 11. The normal at any point P meets the axis in G and
points on a parabola is twice the area of the the tangent at the vertex in G. If A be the vertex
triangle formed by the tangents at these points. and the rectangle AGQG be completed, prove that
3. For a parabola y2 = 4ax if tangents at the points the equation to the locus of Q is x3 = 2ax2 + ay2.
(x, y) & (x, y) meet at the point (x1, y1) and 12. Two equal parabolas with axes in opposite
normals at the same points in (x2, y2). Prove that directions touch at a point O. From a point P on
y y y y one of them are drawn tangents PQ and PQ to the
(i) x1 and y1 other. Prove that QQ will touch the first parabola
4a 2 in P where PP is parallel to the common tangent
at O.
y 2 y y y 2 13. Two tangents to a parabola meet at an angle of 450.
(ii) x 2 2a
4a Prove that the locus of their point of intersection is
the curve y2 4ax = (x + a)2.
( y y ) 14. Show that the locus of the point of intersection of
y 2 y y
8a 2 two tangents which with the tangent at the vertex
4. If a chord which is normal to the parabola at one form a triangle of const. area C 2 is
end subtends a right angle at the vertex, prove that x2(y2 4ax) = 4C4.
it is inclined at an angle tan 12 to the axis. 15. Through each point of the straight line x = my + h
(parabola : y2 = 4ax) is drawn the chord of the parabola y2 = 4ax which
5. From the point where any normal to the parabola is bisected at the point. Prove that it always touches
y 2 = 4ax meets the axis is drawn a line the parabola (y + 2am)2 = 8a(x h).
perpendicular to this normal. Prove that this line 16. Find the locus of a point such that slopes m1m2m3
always touches an equal parabola. of the normals from it to the parabola y2 = 4ax are
6. Tangents are drawn to the parabola y2 = 4ax at related by tan1m12 + tan1m22 + tan1m32 = .
points whose abscissae are in the ratio : 1 ; prove 17. If the three normals drawn at three different points
that they intersect on the curve y2 = (1/4 + 1/4)2 ax. on the parabola y2 = 4ax pass through the point
7. Prove that the parabolas y2 = 4ax & x2 = 4ay cut (h, k), then prove that h > 2.
18. Common tangents are drawn to the circle
3(ab )1 / 3
1

one another at an angle tan 2 / 3 . a2
2/ 3 2
x y 2
2a b and the parabola y2 = 4ax. Let these
2
8. If a normal to a parabola makes an angle with
common tangents intersect at the point A. Find the
the axis, show that it will cut the curve again at an
area of the quadrilateral formed by the common
1 tangents and the chords of contact of the point A
angle tan 1 tan . w.r.t. the circle & the parabola.
2
19. If a circle passes through the feet of the normals
9. Prove that the two parabolas y2 = 4ax and y2 = 4c drawn from a point, prove that the circle also passes
(x b) cannot have a common normal other than through the origin.
b 20. If P, Q, R be the foot of the normals to the parabola
the axis, unless 2. y2 = 4ax that pass through the point T, then prove
ac that SP . SQ . SR = a ST2.
21. Find the shortest distance between y2 = 4ax and the
circle x2 + y2 24y + 128 = 0.

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111
 MP 16
ANSWERS SUBJECTIVE (INITIAL STEP EXERCISE)

1. (a) b1/3y + a1/3x + a2/3 b2/3 = 0

(b) x=0
5. (a) y = ad (b) cx = a (c) y=d
(d) y = (x a) + tan 2a (e) y2 x2 = 2ax
(f) x2 = 2 [(x a)2 + y2]
6. (a) y2 = 2a(x a) (b) y2 ky = 2a(x h)
(c) y2(y2 2axd + 4a2x) + 8a4 = 0
(d) 8a2 + y2 4x2 + tan2a = 16a2 (4ax y2)
8. 2ax = y2 + 8a2
13. y + 2x + 1 = 0; 2y = x + 8
15. 9; 10a
20. (a) y2 = a(x 3a) (b) 27ay2 = 2(x 2a)3

Einstein Classes, Unit No. 102, 103, Vardhman Ring Road Plaza, Vikas Puri Extn., Outer Ring Road
New Delhi 110 018, Ph. : 9312629035, 8527112111