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  • Static Electricity Notes 12.55.23 PM

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    Janiah Aaliyah M. Drakes
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    physics notes

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    physics notes

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 visualizações10 páginas

    Static Electricity Notes 12.55.23 PM

    Enviado por

    Janiah Aaliyah M. Drakes
    physics notes

    Direitos autorais:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Baixe no formato PDF ou leia online no Scribd
    Sinalizar o conteúdo como inadequado
    de 10
    13 By the end of this topic you will be able © explain and demonstrate the charging of objects in terms of the transfer of negatively charged electrons from one surface to another © demonstrate and understand how like charges repel and unlike charges attract Practical note The alt in tropical countries is often very humid. The moisture which covers the surfaces of objects allows chatge to leak ‘away. Experiments on staticelectricityneed dry equipment to work. Dry all apparatus with a hair drier or in the sunshine, clecrons gained dy red = atoms become postive as Ny 4 result of losing electrons atoms become positive 45 resi of losing electrons cloctrons gained 4 postvely charged object has Jost electrons. A negatively charged ‘object has gained electrons [A Figure 13.1 Charging by fiction Il matter contains vast numbers of electrons. When a few of them get transferred from the surface of one object to the surface of another, they produce what is known as static electricity. 13.1 Charge _ Friction and charge The Ancient Greeks made spindles for spinning silk threads out of amber, a material known to them as ‘electron’. They found that when these spindles ‘vere rubbed, the silk was attracted and the clinging threads were easier to manage. Ifwe rub a plastic comb on fabric, the comb can pick up small pleces Of paper We imagine that friction produces something invisible called charge onthe surface of the comb which makes it altractive to the small bits of papet or particles of dust. ‘Attraction and repulsion © Rub a strip of polythene on your sleeve or with a woollen duster then hold it near some small pieces of paper on the bench top and notice what happens. ‘@ Repeat the test with small pieces of aluminium cooking foil, or small metallised polystyrene balls (expanded polystyrene balls coated with metal paint). ‘The charged strips of polythene aitract the bits of paper and these may cling o1 to the strips for some time, The metallised polystyrene balls jump rapidly up ‘and down between the bench top and the charged strips, being first attracte« to the strips and then thrown off or repelled. two kinds of charge @ After rubbing it, support a polythene strip A in a stirrup as shown in fig. 13.2. ‘© Charge another polythene strip B by rubbing it and then slowly bring it close to one end of strip A without touching. Test the other end of A and notice what happens. ‘@ Now charge two strips of cellulose acetate C and D, by rubbing them wit! ‘a duster and repeat the test with C in a stirrup and D brought near it. ‘© Finally, investigate what happens when the charged cellulose acetate strip D is brought near to the suspended charged polythene strip A, onc similarly when the charged strip B is brought near to suspended strip C. ‘when the two charged strips are made of the same material they repel eac cther but when the two different materials are charged and brought neat the attract each othet. We conclude that two different Kinds of charge are produce by friction on these two different materials na sles cto ‘ces rge per git with Se ii ean gibt et Blea aie i = polythene strip Seertiracion charged cellulose a ees ) charged polythene Sap 1A Figure 13.2 Two kinds of charge only repulsion confirms that an object is charged ‘@ Hang a metallised polystyrene ball on a nylon thread and make no attempt to charge it. © First bring @ negatively charged polythene strip near to the ball but do not let it touch (fig. 13,30). ‘© Now bring a positively charged acetate strip near to the ball, again without touching it (fig. 13.36). Fi tn both (a) and (b) the uncharged ball is attracted to the strip whether the attracting charge is positive or negative. ‘© Allow the metallised ball to touch the negatively charged polythene strip and repeat the tests (a) and (b). a wong » nese a thesame J ae ae ae uncharged ball / | negatively charged \ } poy ‘charged t mente ' seit! anal | ie a A, / ht Serr Ne g 6 ® vat charged ater varwan 7 ame seat carged "Sage | negatively charged polythene sp, Eellulose acetate traction nor proot repilsion - confirms ‘charge on the ball, lite charges on ball and stip ‘A Figure 13.3 Repulsion confirms that on abject is charged +s Experimental results Rubbed polythene gains a negatives and rubbed cellulose acetate (perspe flass) gains a positive charge. since both the polythene strips, negative charge and both acetate have a positive charge, the tests gi following results: Two negatively charged strips re each other. ‘Two positively charged strips repelle other ‘one negatively charged strip an positively charged strip attracted other. Pp: Experimental results In fig, 13.34, attraction occurs opposite charges attract. But in {b) attraction also occurs even the ball has no net charge. So when a occurs we cannot confirm that a is charged. Im fig. 13.3¢, the ball is repelle: polythene strip because it has t hegative charge as the strip. Whet touched the strip it picked up 50 negative charge. Only if repulsio do we have reliable evidence repelled object has the same chat cone repeling i p: Charg ce) Fes) By the end of this topic you will be able to: © explain charging by induction and how a charged object can attract an uncharged object clectron foe snsuating stand a) Start with an uncharged insulated conductor A and bring a charged strip Sear to it leetron flow ey a ee ees ) Touch conductor A with a finger, leave it for a moment, then remove the finger ee ata es ©) Finally remove the charged strip S 4A. Figure 13.4 Chorging by induction Things to do Charge a plastic comb or ruler by rubbing it on fabric. Turn on a tap to give a smooth slow stream of water. Explain what happens when you bring ‘the comb or ruler near to the water stream. Hint: induction, 13,2 Induction Charging by induction Initially the insulated conductor A has no net charge. © Bring a charged strip S up to, but not touching, the conductor A (fig. 13.40). Repulsion between the negative charge on strip $ and the negative elec in the conductor A causes the conductor's electrons to flow away from S deficiency of electrons produces a positive charge on the near side of A excess of electrons produces an equal, negative charge on the far side of © Earth conductor A by touching with a finger (fig. 13.4b). This alloy the excess electrons on the far side of the conductor to flow furthe ‘away to Earth, ‘© Remove'the finger so that the escaped electrons cannot return lea conductor A with a permanent deficiency of electrons, or a positiv charge. © Remove the charging strip § so that the p the surface of conductor A (fig. 13.4c). fe charge spreads 0: Why a charged object can attract an uncharged on: {A charged plastic strip or comb will attract small, uncharged objects tc the plastic strip is negatively charged it will repel negative electrons i uncharged object. Although the object still has zero net charge, the side { the charged strip will be depleted of electrons and so have an induced po charge. The negatively chargec+strip attracts the object because it see ‘opposite positive charge on Its near side. ‘The Van de Graaff generator +t + smetal dome receives F sdstores postive comb € sprays 2 charge tlectrons from the Some onto the belt . + + |+| iM It] |-—insulating column Hl tng co iM Ml ringer bk H * i h| Ml ra ‘motor ri PS SAIEY Vat ase

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