ANSYS Piping Application Users Guide

ANSYS Piping Application User's Guide
ANSYS, Inc. Release 17.0

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Table of Contents
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 1
1.1. Installing APA ................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2. License Requirements ....................................................................................................................... 3
1.3. Limitations of APA ............................................................................................................................ 3
1.4. Workflow Overview ........................................................................................................................... 4
2. Interface .................................................................................................................................................. 7
2.1. DesignModeler ................................................................................................................................. 7
2.2. Pipe Filters Toolbar ............................................................................................................................ 8
2.3. Mechanical ....................................................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1. Piping Stress Indices ................................................................................................................. 9
2.3.2. Piping Simulation Toolbar ....................................................................................................... 10
3. Modeling ............................................................................................................................................... 13
3.1. Materials ........................................................................................................................................ 13
3.1.1. Creating APA Compatible Materials ......................................................................................... 13
3.1.2. Adding Materials to Your Project ............................................................................................. 14
3.2. Creating a Model ............................................................................................................................ 14
3.2.1. Using DesignModeler ............................................................................................................. 14
3.2.1.1. Adding Straight Pipes .................................................................................................... 15
3.2.1.2. Splitting Straight Pipes .................................................................................................. 16
3.2.1.3. Adding Elbows .............................................................................................................. 17
3.2.1.4. Supports ....................................................................................................................... 18
3.2.2. Importing a PDMS File ............................................................................................................ 19
3.3. Changing PDMS Attributes ............................................................................................................. 20
3.3.1. Specifying Pipe Geometry Type .............................................................................................. 21
3.4. Updating Your Model ...................................................................................................................... 22
4. Preprocessing in Mechanical ................................................................................................................ 23
4.1. Using Pipe and Point Filters ............................................................................................................. 23
4.2. Defining Local Coordinate Systems ................................................................................................. 24
4.3. Changing the Ambient Temperature of the Model Environment ....................................................... 24
4.4. Definition of Pipe Geometry ............................................................................................................ 24
4.5. Creating a Mesh .............................................................................................................................. 24
4.5.1. Using the Mesh Wizard ........................................................................................................... 25
4.6. Piping Settings ............................................................................................................................... 25
4.7. Piping Supports .............................................................................................................................. 26
5. Load Cases ............................................................................................................................................. 29
5.1. Deadweight .................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2. Pressure .......................................................................................................................................... 29
5.2.1. Load Pressure ......................................................................................................................... 30
5.2.2. Functional Pressure ................................................................................................................ 30
5.3. Thermal .......................................................................................................................................... 31
5.3.1. Load Thermal ......................................................................................................................... 31
5.3.2. Functional Thermal ................................................................................................................ 32
5.4. Force Load ...................................................................................................................................... 33
5.5. Anchor Movement .......................................................................................................................... 33
5.5.1. Adding Multiple Time Steps .................................................................................................... 34
5.6. Seismic ........................................................................................................................................... 34
5.6.1. Uniform Support Motion (USM) Response Spectrum Analysis .................................................. 35
5.6.2. Independent Support Motion (ISM) Response Spectrum Analysis ............................................ 37
6. Postprocessing ...................................................................................................................................... 41
6.1. Adding the Post Piping Environment ............................................................................................... 41
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Piping Application User's Guide
6.2. Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 42

6.2.1. Elementary Load Cases ........................................................................................................... 42
6.2.2. Combination Load Cases ........................................................................................................ 42
6.2.3. Load Case Filters .................................................................................................................... 44
6.3. The Piping Tab ................................................................................................................................ 45
6.3.1. Out-of-Roundness Factor ........................................................................................................ 45
6.3.2. Equations ............................................................................................................................... 45
6.3.3. Result Visualization ................................................................................................................ 47
6.4. The Supports Tab ............................................................................................................................ 48
6.4.1. Supports, Equipment, and Flanges .......................................................................................... 48
6.4.2. Operability ............................................................................................................................. 49
6.5. The Displacements and Accelerations Tab ........................................................................................ 50
6.5.1. Displacements and Accelerations ........................................................................................... 50
6.6. SIF Results ...................................................................................................................................... 51
6.7. Exporting Results to Excel ............................................................................................................... 52
A. Equation Requirements ........................................................................................................................... 55
A.1. ASME Equations ............................................................................................................................. 55
A.1.1. ASME Class 1 .......................................................................................................................... 55
A.1.1.1. Equation 9 .................................................................................................................... 55
A.1.1.2. Equation 10 .................................................................................................................. 56
A.1.1.3. Equation 12 .................................................................................................................. 56
A.1.1.4. Equation 13 .................................................................................................................. 57
A.1.2. ASME Class 2 .......................................................................................................................... 57
A.1.2.1. Equation 8 .................................................................................................................... 57
A.1.2.2. Equation 9 .................................................................................................................... 58
A.1.2.3. Equation 10 .................................................................................................................. 58
A.1.2.4. Equation 10CD .............................................................................................................. 59
A.1.2.5. Equation 10A ................................................................................................................ 59
A.1.2.6. Equation 11A ................................................................................................................ 60
A.1.2.7. Failure ........................................................................................................................... 60
A.1.2.8. Equation F1 ................................................................................................................... 60
A.1.2.9. Equation F2 ................................................................................................................... 61
A.2. EN Equations .................................................................................................................................. 61
A.2.1. Equation 2-1 .......................................................................................................................... 61
A.2.2. Equation 3-1 .......................................................................................................................... 62
A.2.3. Equation 4-1 .......................................................................................................................... 63
A.2.4. Equation 5-1 .......................................................................................................................... 64
A.2.5. Equation 6-1 .......................................................................................................................... 64
A.2.6. Superpipe .............................................................................................................................. 65
A.3. RCC-M Equations ............................................................................................................................ 65
A.3.1. RCC-M Class 1 ........................................................................................................................ 65
A.3.1.1. Equation 9 .................................................................................................................... 65
A.3.1.2. Equation 10 .................................................................................................................. 66
A.3.1.3. Equation 12 .................................................................................................................. 67
A.3.1.4. Equation 13 .................................................................................................................. 67
A.3.1.5. Primary Functional Capacity .......................................................................................... 67
A.3.1.6. Secondary Functional Capacity ...................................................................................... 68
A.3.2. RCC-M Class 2 ........................................................................................................................ 68
A.3.2.1. Equation 6 .................................................................................................................... 68
A.3.2.2. Equation 7 .................................................................................................................... 69
A.3.2.3. Equation 9 .................................................................................................................... 69
A.3.2.4. Equation 10 .................................................................................................................. 69
iv of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Piping Application User's Guide
A.3.2.5. Superpipe ..................................................................................................................... 70

A.3.3. RCC-M Class 3 ........................................................................................................................ 71
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Chapter 1: Introduction
The ANSYS Piping Application (APA) is provided as an add-in to ANSYS Workbench that allows you to
perform pipe stress analysis according to US and European design codes. APA provides extended
functionality to the DesignModeler and Mechanical applications. This document provides information
on the additional capabilities of APA in both programs. For complete documentation of either program,
please consult the DesignModeler User's Guide and the Mechanical User's Guide. For detailed document-
ation of ANSYS Workbench, see the Workbench User's Guide.
1.1. Installing APA

Before installing APA you must have an installed copy of ANSYS Workbench 17.0. For information on
how to install ANSYS Workbench see the ANSYS, Inc. Windows Installation Guide.
To install APA, download a copy of the APA installer (PipingAddinSetup.msi) from the ANSYS
Customer Portal. Locate the file on your hard drive, and double-click to run the install wizard.
Click the Next button to proceed with the installation. At any point during the installation, you can
click Cancel to stop the installation procedure.
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 1
Introduction
By default, APA installs to the default install directory of ANSYS Workbench. If you have installed ANSYS
Workbench in another directory, use the Browse button to locate that directory on your hard drive.
The Disk Cost button displays a summary of all the drives on your system, as well as the required
amount of space to install APA. You can also set the user permissions of APA by selecting to install for
all users (Everyone) or just the current user (Just me). By default, APA installs for all users. When you
have set these options, click Next to proceed with the installation.
Click Next again to confirm the installation of APA, or click Back to change settings.
2 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Limitations of APA
The progress bar displays the progress of the APA installation.
Click Close to exit the APA installer, APA is now installed and available for use.
1.2. License Requirements

In order to run APA you must have access to an ANSYS Structural 2 license. If you have multiple licenses
available, the Structural 2 license must be at the top of the list in the ANSYS Licensing Manager. For
information on licensing, see the ANSYS Licensing Guide.
1.3. Limitations of APA

APA provides limited scope functionality to both DesignModeler and Mechanical. Due to the complexity
of both programs, there are certain interface elements and workflows that remain active but may result
in incorrect results or nonfunctional simulations when used with APA. This section provides document-
ation of these limitations. Where possible, these limitations are also noted throughout the guide. It is
recommended that you read this entire guide to familiarize yourself with any potential limitations in
the APA add-in.
Platform Support APA is not supported in Windows 8.1
Introduction
Unsupported Analysis Types Under the Structural 2 license, the Workbench environment permits
you to use several analysis types which are not supported by APA. Pre-stressed modal and eigenvalue
buckling analyses produce the error message, Element type PIPE does not currently support linear
perturbation analysis due to the PIPE16 and PIPE18 formulations used by APA.
Harmonic response analysis can be used, but the APA-specific preprocessing features such as the piping
pressure, piping temperature, piping support, or piping spectrum objects are not available for this type
of analysis. APA postprocessing is also not available for this analysis type. For harmonic response, APA
is limited to model generation based on physical properties, sections, and materials available from the
PDMS Attributes editor. You should define loads and boundary conditions, and postprocess the results
using the standard features of Mechanical.
Changing Simulation and Model Attributes Once the piping model has been created in Design-
Modeler using APA Geometry toolbar options or by importing a PDMS file, model properties (key points,
welding levels, supports, pipes, materials, real constants, and so on) are stored in the PDMS Attributes
container in APA. Because of this, any subsequent change to model properties (most importantly, piping
cross section and material definitions) should be done from the PDMS Attributes editor, not using the
standard capabilities of DesignModeler or Mechanical. Code-checks integrated into the APA postpro-
cessing environment refer to properties stored in the PDMS Attributes container and not the properties
in the standard tree of the application. When PDMS Attributes override simulator settings it is noted in
this guide.
Unit System in APA All data specific to APA such as piping attributes and APA objects are displayed
in the Display Units as shown in the PDMS Attributes editor, and are written in the unit system consistent
with the Display Units in the input file irrespective of the solver unit system that can be selected using
an Analysis Settings object.
DesignXplorer APA is not compatible with any features of DesignXplorer.
Data View The Data View information of APA objects is not available in the Report Preview.
Edit Menu Operations Actions from the edit menu such as Duplicate, Copy, Cut, and Paste do not
work with APA objects. Similarly, drag and drop operations do not work with APA objects.
Exporting Results APA does not support the standard results export feature of Mechanical. APA
specific results are automatically exported to Excel spreadsheets in the postprocessing environment.
For more information on how APA exports results, see Exporting Results to Excel (p. 52).
1.4. Workflow Overview

APA adds pipe stress analysis functions to Mechanical, but requires interaction with several programs
within ANSYS Workbench to complete a simulation. The following figure gives an overview of the
workflow in an APA analysis:
Workflow Overview
Chapter 2: Interface
The APA interface adds several toolbars to the standard ANSYS Mechanical and ANSYS DesignModeler
interface. The following topics are available:
2.1. DesignModeler
2.2. Pipe Filters Toolbar
2.3. Mechanical
2.1. DesignModeler
The Piping Toolbar is used to create an APA compatible piping model in DesignModeler. Pipes are
created as line bodies, and manipulated using the buttons on the toolbar.
Table 2.1: Piping Toolbar in DesignModeler
Button Command Description

Import PDMS Adds the PDMSImport object to the tree view. For more information
on importing a PDMS model, see Importing a PDMS File (p. 19).
Move point Adds a move point object to the tree view.
Split pipe Adds a split pipe object to the tree view.
Move valve center of Adds a move valve object to the tree view.
mass
Delete pipe Adds a delete pipe object to the tree view.
Add straight pipe Adds a create straight pipe object to the tree view.
Add elbow Adds a create elbow object to the tree view.
View log Displays a log window specific to APA.
View APA version Displays the version of the APA add-in.
Parameters for each APA object can be set by highlighting the object and changing values in the Details
pane. The PDMS Attributes editor is available to set properties on individual pipes within the model.
For more information on creating pipe models in DesignModeler, see Using DesignModeler (p. 14).
The Pipe Filters Toolbar is also available in DesignModeler. For more information, see Pipe Filters Tool-
bar (p. 8).
Interface
2.2. Pipe Filters Toolbar
The Pipe Filters Toolbar can be used to select a set of bodies or points using criteria specified by the
Pipe and Point Filters in both DesignModeler and Mechanical.
Table 2.2: Pipe Filters Toolbar Buttons

Pipe filter Create a filter for a body or group of bodies using the
criteria listed in the menu.
Point filter Create a filter for a point or group of points using the
criteria listed in the menu.
Filter menu Select the specific values from the pull down box to
define your filter. The label next to the pull down menu
will display the selected filter, and the menu will contain
only selections relevant to the current model.
Apply single filter Applies the selected filter and filters the selection with
regards to the previous selection. This button remains
inactive until a filter has been defined.
Add filter Adds the filter to the already active filters. Only objects
meeting the criteria of all active filters will remain
selected.
Subtract filter Removes the filter from the already active filters. Only
objects not meeting the current criteria but previously
selected remain selected.
Invert filters Selects all bodies/vertices not currently selected by active
filters, unselects all other bodies/vertices.
Mechanical
Point-to-pipe or If a point or group of points is selected, select all

pipe-to-point pipes which are attached/connected with the
select selected points.
If a pipe or group of pipes is selected, selects all

points which are attached/connected to the
selected pipes.
Edit piping Displays the PDMS Attributes editor for the currently
properties selected bodies/vectices. For more information on
changing piping attributes, see Changing PDMS
Attributes (p. 20).
Reset piping Reset all piping property modifications done through
properties the PDMS Attributes editor.
2.3. Mechanical
APA adds several toolbars to the ANSYS Mechanical application.
2.3.1. Piping Stress Indices
2.3.2. Piping Simulation Toolbar
The Pipe Filters Toolbar is also available in Mechanical. For more information, see Pipe Filters Tool-
bar (p. 8).
2.3.1. Piping Stress Indices
The Piping Stress Indices toolbar allows you to define the stress index code for your simulation. There
are three options to chose from:
You must set the stress index code to the standard you intend to use for postprocessing.
The Piping Stress Indices toolbar also allows you to view the stress intensity factors for individual parts
of the model.
Table 2.3: Piping Stress Indices Toolbar Buttons

Select SIF coefficient Set the category of SIF coefficient you wish to view. APA
category stores SIF coefficients in separate databases depending
on category.
Interface

Stress indices editor Opens a window which allows you to view the SIFs based
on the currently selected vertices or bodies. Selected
edges are ignored.
Select SIF coefficient Select one or all SIF coefficients to create a result object
for.
Create SIF result Creates a result object in the post piping environment
which allows you to view stress indices overlaid on your
model.
Note
In order to create a SIF result the post piping environment must be present. See Adding the
Post Piping Environment (p. 41) for more information.
2.3.2. Piping Simulation Toolbar

The Piping Simulation Toolbar allows you to create simulation objects compatible with the APA post-
processing environment.
Table 2.4: Pipe Simulation Toolbar Buttons

Set ambient The value in this box will define the ambient
temperature temperature of the simulation environment, and
affects the material properties for the model.
Launch mesh wizard Displays the mesh sizing wizard for changes to the
meshing of your model.
Add piping settings Adds the Piping Settings object to the analysis
system. This object is necessary to define certain
APA-specific functionality in the simulation.
Add piping support Adds the Piping Support object to the analysis
system. This object allows you to view, add, and
change support settings in the model.
Add piping Adds a displacement simulation object compatible
displacement with APA post-processing. This button remains
inactive until a Piping Support object has been
added to the analysis system.
Add piping pressure Adds a pressure simulation object to the analysis
system.
Add piping Adds a thermal simulation object to the analysis
temperature system.
Add piping spectrum Adds a piping response spectrum object to the
analysis system. This button remains inactive unless
the analysis system is of the type Response Spectrum.
Mechanical
View mass Controls visualization of local masses in the model.

When activated, spheres are displayed on locations
where local masses have been defined.
Caution
The Object Generator feature of Mechanical is not supported for any APA load objects
(piping displacement, piping pressure, piping temperature, piping spectrum). Using the Object
Generator may create objects incompatible with APA.
Chapter 3: Modeling
This chapter covers the modeling functions of APA, which allow you to create compatible piping
models in DesignModeler, or import PDMS models created in other modeling programs.
Importing materials is performed on the Engineering Data screen within ANSYS Workbench, while
model import or creation is performed in DesignModeler. For more information on Engineering Data
and DesignModeler, see the Engineering Data User's Guide and the DesignModeler User's Guide, respectively.
The following topics are available:

3.1. Materials
3.2. Creating a Model
3.3. Changing PDMS Attributes
3.4. Updating Your Model
3.1. Materials
You should add the appropriate materials into your project before creating or importing your model.
APA compatible materials can be created using the included material template.
3.1.1. Creating APA Compatible Materials
3.1.2. Adding Materials to Your Project
3.1.1. Creating APA Compatible Materials

APA postprocessing requires the definition of certain material properties. In addition to the standard
material properties useful to deal with linear analysis, this set of properties is mandatory for code checks
integrated into APA.
By default, no material files are installed with APA. You should define your material using the XML ma-
terial template file which is installed in the APA directory (by default ANSYS_IN-
STALL_DIR\aisol\WBAddins\PipingAddin\Materials\material_template.xml). This
template describes all required properties for a material compatible with APA. This file uses the MATML
format, which is compatible with Engineering Data.
Material definition for APA is similar to standard linear analysis, but requires 4 additional properties:
MM: Scalar property (no unit)
SM: Temperature dependent stress threshold
SH: Temperature dependent stress threshold
YS: Temperature dependent stress threshold
To create a new APA compatible material:
1. Import the material template into Engineering Data. See Adding Materials to Your Project (p. 14) for instruc-
tions on adding the material.
Modeling
2. Fill in the expected properties of your material. For more information, see Perform Material Tasks in Engin-
eering Data in the Engineering Data User's Guide.
3. Rename the material from the template name.
4. Export the material for future use. For more information, see Perform Material Tasks in Engineering Data in
the Engineering Data User's Guide.
If you wish to reuse the material you create in future projects, follow the instructions in Adding Mater-
ials to Your Project (p. 14) to import the file you saved.
3.1.2. Adding Materials to Your Project

If you are importing your model (p. 19) from an already created PDMS model, open the file in a text
editor, and find the section labeled Material. This section will list the materials used in the model. If
you are using DesignModeler to create your model (p. 14), import all materials you intend to use before
creating your model.
In the project schematic window, piping materials can be imported by double clicking the Engineering
Data cell within the analysis system.
In the Engineering Data screen, click Engineering Data Sources to bring up the list of available libraries.
At the bottom of the Engineering Data Sources window, find the item Click here to add a new library. Click
the ... button in the Location column to bring up an Open dialog box.
Selecting a material library file adds that material library to the Engineering Data Sources pane. Highlight
the library and the material information will become available in the outline pane. Click Add to include the
material you wish to use in your project. A book icon appears next to the material to indicate that it has
been included in the project.
3.2. Creating a Model

Creating a model for APA can be accomplished by using the modeling capabilities of DesignModeler,
or by importing a PDMS file.
3.2.1. Using DesignModeler
3.2.2. Importing a PDMS File
3.2.1. Using DesignModeler

APA piping models consist of straight pipes (runs) and elbows. APA adds modeling functions to
DesignModeler so you can create a compatible piping model (refer to the piping toolbar (p. 7)). Before
starting to model, use the following procedure to ensure the proper settings are enabled for APA:
In Workbench, right click the Geometry cell in the analysis system, and click Properties.
Creating a Model
In the Properties window, select the options Line Bodies and Attributes. When Attributes is checked the
Attribute Key field will become available. Make sure that any default text in this field is removed: the field
should be blank. The options Named Selections and Material Properties should be unchecked.
Double click Geometry in the analysis system in ANSYS Workbench to launch DesignModeler.
3.2.1.1. Adding Straight Pipes

Click the Add Straight Pipe to create an AddPipe object in the tree view. Highlight the object to display
the Details pane:
Fields in yellow are required to generate a straight pipe:
Class
The piping class of the straight pipe.
OD
Pipe outer diameter.
Modeling
TK
Pipe wall thickness.
Material
Material of the straight pipe. Type a material you added on the Engineering Data screen in this box.
First Point
The beginning point of the straight pipe.
Definition Type
If set to Point selection, allows you to select a previously created point to begin your straight pipe.
If set to Point definition, allows you to define a point in a coordinates system to begin your
straight pipe.
Second Point
The end point of the straight pipe.
Definition Type
If set to Vector definition, allows you to define vector coordinates for the trajectory of the straight
pipe.
If set to Point selection, allows you to define the endpoint by selecting a previously created
point.
Click Generate to create the body defined by the AddPipe object.
Once a body has been modeled, you should specify the geometry type (p. 21) by editing the Piping
Properties (p. 20).
3.2.1.2. Splitting Straight Pipes

Pipes which have been added to the model already can be split into two individual bodies. Click the
Split Pipe button to add a Split object to the tree view. Highlight the object to display the Details
pane:
Fields in yellow are required information to split an existing pipe:
Pipe
The pipe to be split. Select a pipe from the graphics window and click Apply in this field.
Point
The starting point from which a displacement is applied to generate the split point. Select either end point
of the pipe and click Apply in this field.
Displacement
The length of pipe to split.
Creating a Model
Click Generate to split the body defined in the Split object.
Properties (p. 20).
3.2.1.3. Adding Elbows

Elbows are used to connect two existing straight pipes. In order to create an elbow you must first create
two straight pipes which share a common point. The Add Elbow button is inactive until at least one
straight pipe has been generated.
Click the Add Elbow button to add an AddCurvedPipe object in the tree view. Highlight the object
to display the Details pane:
Fields in yellow are required to generate an elbow. The OD, TK, and Material fields automatically
populate with the same dimensions as the last pipe generated.
Point
A point shared by two straight pipes to be connected by the elbow.
Class
The piping class of the elbow.
Radius
Radius of the elbow.
OD
Pipe outer diameter
TK
Pipe wall thickness
Material
Material of the straight pipe. Type a material you added on the Engineering Data screen in this box.
Click Generate to create the body defined by the AddCurvedPipe object.
Properties (p. 20).
Modeling
3.2.1.4. Supports
Supports are boundary conditions which restrict or modify the degrees of freedom of certain vertices
in the model. Supports are added using the PDMS Attributes (p. 20) editor.
To add or edit a support, select the vertex on your model where the support will be located (APA
compatible supports can only be defined at vertices). If you wish to edit multiple supports, select multiple
vertices. Click the Edit Piping Properties button on the Pipe Filters Toolbar (p. 8).
Use the support section of the PDMS Attributes editor to define a support for each selected vertex.
Table 3.1: Types of Pipe Support (p. 18) shows the types of support available to APA. When you have
finished defining supports, click Save and Exit to save your changes.
APA can automatically activate and deactivate supports depending on the type of simulation being
performed. For more information about this feature, see Piping Supports (p. 26).
Caution
If you intend to suppress a body in DesignModeler, you must first delete the supports asso-
ciated with that body before launching the Mechanical application.
Table 3.1: Types of Pipe Support
Pipe Support Pipe Support Code Description

Family
PSa Pipe slide
b
Common LG Longitudinal guide
c
TS Three-way stop
Creating a Model
RUd One-way restraint in (u)

ef
RV One-way restraint in (v)
gh
RW One-way restraint in (w)
e
DV Double pipe slide restraint in (v)
g
DW Double pipe slide restraint in (w)
i
FP Fixed point
i
CS Combined support of large pipe
LR Constraint in Uy, Uz, and Rotx directions.
CB Constraint in Ux, Uy, and Uz directions.
NO No constraint
HH Fixed hanger rod for horizontal pipe
SH Spring hanger for horizontal pipe
CH Constant hanger for horizontal pipe
AH Angulating spring support for horizontal pipe
Weight supportj
HV Fixed hanger rod for vertical pipe
SV Spring hanger for vertical pipe
CV Constant hanger for vertical pipe
AV Angulating spring support for vertical pipe
DBU Snubber acting along (u)
DBV Snubber acting along (v)
Snubber DBW Snubber acting along (w)
a
DB2 Snubber acting on pipe longitudinally
a
DB3 Snubber acting on pipe in all three directions
a
Not recommended for use.
b
Type LG is a displacement restraint in the local y- and z-directions.
c
Type TS is a pinned support where displacement is restrained in all three directions.
d
Type RU is a one-dimensional displacement restraint in the local x-direction
e
Types RV and DV are identical
f
Type RV is a one-dimensional displacement restraint in the local y-direction
g
Types RW and DW are identical
h
Type RW is a one-dimensional displacement restraint in the local z-direction
i
Types FP and CS are fixed supports where displacement and rotational restraints occur in all three dimensions for each.
j
Weight supports support either horizontal or vertical piping runs. These are rigid, one-dimensional displacement supports capable
of resisting load in both positive and negative directions.
3.2.2. Importing a PDMS File

If you created your model as a PDMS file in an outside modeling program, follow these instructions to
import the model into DesignModeler.
In Workbench, right click the Geometry cell in the analysis system, and click Properties.
In the Properties window, select the options Line Bodies and Attributes. When Attributes is checked the
Attribute Key field will become available. Make sure that any default text in this field is removed: the field
should be blank. The options Named Selections and Material Properties should be unchecked.
Modeling
Double click Geometry in the analysis system in ANSYS Workbench to launch DesignModeler.
Click Import PDMS in the piping toolbar (p. 7) and select the PDMSImport object created in the tree view.
In the Details pane, click ... next to FileName. Locate your PDMS file using the Open dialog box.
Click Generate to import the PDMS file. A model will appear in the Graphics pane. Close the DesignModeler
window to return to the Workbench window. The geometry is automatically imported into the project.
3.3. Changing PDMS Attributes

To access the PDMS Attributes editor, select the bodies or vertices you wish to edit and click the Piping
Properties button on the Pipe Filters Toolbar (p. 8). As discussed previously, APA uses values and
properties set in this window instead of the standard tree values of DesignModeler and Mechanical.
Make your changes to APA specific attributes in this window. The PDMS Attributes window displays
different information depending on the selection type (bodies or vertices).
Dimmed fields cannot be edited, and fields which have been edited but not saved appear with a yellow
background. Click Save and Exit to commit any changes, or click Exit Without Saving to cancel any
changes. Once a change has been made to an attribute, the edited field will appear with a green
background when the attributes window is viewed again.
Once you have made your changes in the PDMS Attributes window, click Generate to apply the changes
to the model.
Changing PDMS Attributes
Exit DesignModeler to save changes to the model.
If you are updating a model which has already been loaded into Mechanical, you must update the
geometry when you return to Mechanical.
3.3.1. Specifying Pipe Geometry Type

Once you have modeled the individual bodies, you should specify the geometry type of each body using
the PDMS Attributes window. Select a body or bodies to edit, and click the Piping Properties button
on the Pipe Filters Toolbar (p. 8). Use the Pipe Type pull down menu for each body to specify the
geometry type in your model. Table 3.2: Types of Pipe Geometry (p. 21) shows the different types of
pipe geometry available in APA.
Click Save and Exit to commit any changes, or click Exit Without Saving to cancel any changes.
Table 3.2: Types of Pipe Geometry
Pipe Type Description Diagram

RUN Straight pipe with no longitudinal
weld
RUL Straight pipe with flush longitudinal
weld
RUA Straight pipe with as-welded
longitudinal weld
ELB Elbow with no longitudinal weld
ELL Elbow with leveled (flush)
longitudinal weld
ELA Elbow with as-welded longitudinal
weld
EEL Successive elbows, with no
longitudinal welding
Modeling
TEE Tee with no longitudinal weld

TEL Tee with leveled (flush) longitudinal
weld
TEA Tee with as-welded longitudinal weld
TEN Tee with a nozzle and no longitudinal

weld
RED Reducer with no longitudinal weld

REL Reducer with leveled (flush)
longitudinal weld
REA Reducer with as-welded longitudinal
weld
FLA Flange
VAL Valve
3.4. Updating Your Model

If you need to make changes to a model which has already been loaded into Mechanical, open the
model in DesignModeler and make the required changes to geometry or attributes. Click Generate to
update the tree. When you have made your changes, exit DesignModeler and update the geometry in
Mechanical.
Caution
Once the piping model has been created in DesignModeler using APA Geometry toolbar
options or by importing a PDMS file, changes cannot be made to certain attributes and di-
mensions. If you wish to modify them, you must do so in the PDMS file and re-import the
file. If you created the model using the APA Geometry toolbar in DesignModeler, you must
rebuild the entire model to change these attributes:
The cross-sectional dimensions of individual pipe elements cannot be modified using the Details
pane in DesignModeler.
Chapter 4: Preprocessing in Mechanical
Preprocessing a piping analysis consists of creating a mesh and defining boundary conditions.
The following preprocessing topics are available:

4.1. Using Pipe and Point Filters
4.2. Defining Local Coordinate Systems
4.3. Changing the Ambient Temperature of the Model Environment
4.4. Definition of Pipe Geometry
4.5. Creating a Mesh
4.6. Piping Settings
4.7. Piping Supports
4.1. Using Pipe and Point Filters

Filters for easily selecting groups of pipes by their similar attributes are available on the Pipe Filters
Toolbar (p. 8). Highlight the Geometry branch in the tree view to display the toolbar.
The Pipe filter allows you to select groups of bodies by the following attributes:
Index (line element ID number)

Branch name (pipe line ID)
Class
Pipe Type
Material
Cross Section Number
Outer Diameter
Thickness
Radius of Curvature (elbow elements only)
The Point filter allows you to select groups of points by the following attributes:
Index (point ID number)

Support
Structural Mass
Transition
Support Type
Welding Label (type of weld)
x-coordinate
y-coordinate
z-coordinate
To use a filter, click either Pipe Filter or Point Filter in the Pipe Filters Toolbar (p. 8). A pull down
menu will activate. Select the option you wish to filter for, and click Apply Filter. If you wish to apply
multiple filters, repeat this procedure, clicking Add Filters instead of Apply Filter. Using Add Filters
will select bodies or points matching all filters.
Preprocessing in Mechanical
Filters are useful for creating named selections. Named selections can be used to create groups of like
pipes for further analysis during postprocessing. For more information on creating and using named
selections, see Named Selections in the Mechanical User's Guide.
Caution
Pipe and point filters do not work when results objects are selected in the tree.
4.2. Defining Local Coordinate Systems

All geometry in Mechanical is displayed in the global coordinate system by default. Local coordinate
systems can be useful in both preprocessing and postprocessing. For more information on defining
local coordinate systems, see Setting Up Coordinate Systems in the Mechanical User's Guide.
4.3. Changing the Ambient Temperature of the Model Environment

Highlight the Geometry branch in the tree view to display the Piping Simulation Toolbar (p. 10). Enter
the temperature in Ambient Temperature. The units displayed will match the units selected during
PDMS import.
4.4. Definition of Pipe Geometry

By expanding the Geometry branch in the tree view you can view the details of each body in the
model. Clicking on individual bodies selects them in the Graphics pane, and shows information about
that body in the Details pane.
Caution
If you imported your model through a PDMS file, changes made to pipe geometry in either
DesignModeler or Mechanical will not be reflected in simulations. If you wish to change pipe
geometry, make changes in the PDMS and then import it again.
4.5. Creating a Mesh

APA uses PIPE18 elements for elbows and PIPE16 elements for straight piping, including straight portions
of tees, valves, and other elements. One of the limitations of PIPE18 is that elbows must subtend an
angle of 90 degrees or less. Users should adopt a standard that all elbows be meshed into at least four
elements to prevent issues. This meshing standard will also provide finer accuracy for elbow regions
which can experience high amounts of stress.
Guidelines for the meshing of straight sections of pipe have not been established. Using either the default
settings or the Automatic Rule will usually provide a good solution. The mesh wizard can help you de-
termine how to mesh the pipe model for the most accurate simulation.
Caution
The Mesh Numbering object in Mechanical is not supported by APA.
Piping Settings
4.5.1. Using the Mesh Wizard

Highlight the Mesh branch of the tree view to display the Piping Simulation Toolbar (p. 10). Click Mesh
sizing. The wizard window will appear next to the graphics window. Select the pipes to apply a new
mesh sizing from Pipe Type. Options in this menu consist of four general types:
Automatic rule Mesh will be applied to all elbows based on input in Elbows Sizing and all runs based
on length. Cut-Off Frequency allows you to define the maximum number of elements a run will be broken
into.
Pipe type Mesh will be applied to the selected pipe type. For more information about types see Definition
of Pipe Geometry (p. 24). Pipe Type will only display types which are present in the current model.
All runs/tees/elbows/pipes Mesh will be applied to all bodies of the selected type.
All pipes without mesh control Mesh will be applied to components of the model that have not yet been
assigned a mesh control.
Select Pipe Type. Set Number of Elements to the number of elements to apply to the custom mesh.
If you are using Automatic Rule, enter Cut-Off Frequency to define the maximum number of elements
a run will be broken into. Enter Elbows Sizing to define the number of elements to break elbows into.
Click Add Mesh Control to apply the mesh sizing. Click Clear Mesh Controls to remove all mesh controls.
When you are finished adding mesh controls, click Generate Mesh.
4.6. Piping Settings

Once an analysis system has been defined in the Project Schematic, add Piping Settings in Mechanical.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view to display the Piping Simulation toolbar. Click Piping
Settings.
Highlight the Piping Settings branch in the tree view to display the Details pane. Define your case
type in Load Case Type. Including these settings in your simulation is necessary for report generation.
The available Load Case Types are:
Deadweight
Dilatation
Pression
Stratification
Static Load
Dynamic Load
Dynamic Earthquake
Other Dynamic
Preprocessing in Mechanical
4.7. Piping Supports

Once an analysis system has been defined in the Project Schematic, add Piping Support in Mechanical.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view to display the Piping Simulation toolbar. Click Piping
Support.
Highlight the Piping Support branch in the tree view. A table will display in the Data View pane. If you
imported a PDMS file, this table will be populated with support values from that file.
Support Type will have a default value of Contextual: the simulation will automatically activate and
deactivate supports based on Load Case Type defined in Piping Settings (p. 25). Table 4.1: Inactive
Supports by Load Case Type (p. 26) shows which support types are deactivated by load case when
contextual mode is active. The following figure shows the Data View when Support Type is set to
Contextual:
Table 4.1: Inactive Supports by Load Case Type
Load Case Type Family of Supports Inactivated in Contextual Used For

Mode
Deadweight Snubber Weight load
Dilatation Snubber + Weight Support Thermal dilatation load
Stratification Snubber + Weight Support Thermal stratification load
Static Load Snubber + Weight Support Static load
Dynamic Load Snubber + Weight Support Dynamic load
Dynamic Earthquake Weight Support Seismic load
Other Dynamic Weight Support Dynamic load
Select Manual to manually activate and deactivate supports. Activate supports by checking the box
next to the definition in the Data View pane. Deactivate supports by unchecking the box. The following
figure shows the Data View when Support Type is set to Manual:
Piping Supports
Details can be changed or updated in the Data View pane, but APA will not make any changes to the
PDMS file. Any changes made to supports are saved to the local project file.
Supports can also be added manually. If your PDMS did not include support data, or if you built your
model with DesignModeler, you must add supports this way.
Caution
The End Release object is not supported by APA.
If you intend to suppress a body, you must first remove the supports associated with that
body. For more information, see Supports (p. 18).
Chapter 5: Load Cases
5.1. Deadweight
5.2. Pressure
5.3.Thermal
5.4. Force Load
5.5. Anchor Movement
5.6. Seismic
5.1. Deadweight
Deadweight simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When
you have imported your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping
Supports (p. 26).
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Inertial in the Environment toolbar, and select a
deadweight load from the menu, for example Standard Earth Gravity.
Highlight the load in the tree view to display the Details pane. Configure the load in the Details pane.
Caution
PDMS files contain a definition of direction for gravity. It is not recommended that you change
the direction of gravity in Mechanical if you imported a PDMS model.
5.2. Pressure
Pressure simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When you
have imported your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping Sup-
ports (p. 26).
Pressure can be simulated as Load Pressure (p. 30) or Functional Pressure (p. 30).
In load mode, Mechanical generates the PD0/2t pressure portion of the ASME equation. In addition,
Mechanical will simulate the internal forces and moments in the pipe; these forces and moments are
commonly negligible, so the APA stress and reaction equations do not include them, which is consistent
with the moment definitions in the ASME equations.
Load Cases
In functional mode, Mechanical will not simulate internal forces and moments in the pipe. Functional
mode is used to calculate the pressure portion of the elbow flexibility factor in the stiffness analysis of
Class 1 piping.
5.2.1. Load Pressure

Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Pressure in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10). Highlight the pressure in the tree view to display the Details pane. A table of pressures will
display in the Data View pane.
From then Type menu select Load. Select how you will define pressure in the model with Named Se-
lections or Geometry Selection in the Defined By menu. Multiple pressures can be assigned to different
bodies in the model.
Click Add Row in the Data View pane to populate the table.
or
If you are using named selections, enter the selection in the Named Selections column. If you are using
geometry selection, highlight the geometry in the Graphics pane. The Geometry column in the Data
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the pressure value in the Delta Pressure
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be pressurized.
5.2.2. Functional Pressure

The main feature of functional piping pressure is to specify elbow flexibility factors with respect to an
internal piping pressure value without imposing an internal piping pressure load. Functional piping
pressure can be added to any analysis system as necessary to improve simulation accuracy.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Pressure in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10). Highlight the pressure in the tree view to display the Details pane. A table of pressures will
display in the Data View pane.
From the Type menu select Functional. Select how you will define pressure in the model with Named
Selections or Geometry Selection in the Defined By menu. Multiple functional pressures can be assigned
to different bodies in the model.
Thermal
or
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the pressure value in the Delta Pressure
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be pressurized.
5.3. Thermal
Thermal simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When you
ports (p. 26).
Temperature can be simulated as Load Thermal (p. 31) or Functional Thermal (p. 32).
In load mode, Mechanical will simulate the internal forces and moments in the pipe due to temperature
change from the reference temperature to the input temperature. In addition, Mechanical will modify
the material properties (modulus of elasticity and thermal expansion coefficient) to match those at the
input piping pressure.
In functional mode, Mechanical will not simulate the internal forces and moments in the pipe; it will
only modify the material properties to match those at the input piping temperature. Functional mode
is used to supplement an analysis system by providing new material characteristics at high or low
temperatures.
5.3.1. Load Thermal

Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Temperature in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight the thermal load in the tree view to display the Details pane. A table of tem-
peratures will display in the Data View pane.
Select how you will define temperature in the model with Named Selection or Geometry Selection
in the Defined By menu. Multiple temperatures can be assigned to different bodies in the model.
Load Cases
or
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the temperature value in the Temperature
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be subjected to thermal load.
5.3.2. Functional Thermal

The main feature of functional thermal simulation is to alter material properties of piping due to thermal
conditions. Functional thermal can be added to any analysis system as necessary to improve simulation
accuracy.
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Temperature in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight the thermal load in the tree view to display the Details pane. A table of tem-
peratures will display in the Data View pane.
Select how you will define temperature in the model with Named Selections or Geometry Selection
in the Defined By menu. Multiple temperatures can be assigned to different bodies in the model.
or
Anchor Movement
View pane will display the number of components. Enter the temperature value in the Temperature
column. Add more rows for different parts of the model to be subjected to functional thermal load.
5.4. Force Load

Force load simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench. When you
ports (p. 26).
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Loads in the Environment toolbar and select Force.
Highlight the force in the tree view to display the Details pane. Define the force by editing the fields
in the Details pane. Add additional forces as required by your simulation parameters.
5.5. Anchor Movement

Anchor movement simulations are performed using a Static Structural analysis system in Workbench.
When you have imported your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and
Piping Supports (p. 26).
Highlight the analysis system in the tree view. Click Piping Displacement in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight the Piping Displacement object in the tree view to display the Details pane.
Define the displacement by editing the fields in the Details pane.
Define the Point field by scoping a Support Point to simulate the anchor point failure. Select the Co-
ordinate System from the drop down menu to fully define the displacement.
Enter the displacement values in the Data View of the Piping Displacement to define the magnitude
of anchor movement.
Additional displacements can be added to the simulation by repeating these instructions.
Load Cases
5.5.1. Adding Multiple Time Steps

If you would like to simulate a displacement with multiple time steps, first define the number of discrete
steps to simulate.
Highlight the Analysis Settings branch in the tree view. Enter the Number of Steps in the Details
pane.
Highlight the Piping Displacement in the tree view to displace the Details pane. The Details pane contains
the same properties for the Piping Displacement object as discussed above.
The Data View pane displays multiple rows. The number of rows depends on the number of time steps
defined in the Analysis Settings. Enter the displacement values in the Data View to define the magnitude
of anchor movement for each time step.
Highlight Piping Settings in the tree view. The Data View pane will display a table of time steps. Enter
a name for each time step in the Name column. This is necessary for report generation.
5.6. Seismic
Seismic simulations are performed using a Modal Analysis system in Workbench. When you have imported
your model into Mechanical, add and configure Piping Settings (p. 25) and Piping Supports (p. 26).
Seismic
Highlight Piping Settings in the tree view to display the Details pane. Select Dynamic Earthquake as
Load Case Type.
Highlight Analysis Settings in the tree view to display the Details pane. Define the settings for the
modal analysis. Commonly, limit nodes are set to a range of 035 Hz or 050 Hz. Enter a value in Max
Modes to Find that will bracket all the modes in a given range, for example, 100. Change Limit Search
to Range to Yes. Use Range Minimum and Range Maximum to define the range of limit nodes.
If you would like to use the velocities and accelerations results in a response spectrum analysis, set the
Store Modal Results property of Output Controls submenu to For Future Analysis.
5.6.1. Uniform Support Motion (USM) Response Spectrum Analysis

For a Uniform Support Motion (USM) response spectrum analysis, return to Workbench and create a
new Response Spectrum analysis system. Link the Engineering Data, Geometry, and Model cells from
your Modal analysis system to the corresponding cells in the new Response Spectrum analysis system.
Link the Solution cell from the Modal analysis system to the Setup cell in the new Response Spectrum
analysis system.
Load Cases
Launch Mechanical and highlight Analysis Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display
the Details pane. In Spectrum Type select Single Point. This setting defines the simulation as USM. If
you are following NRC requirements for single point response spectrum (SPRS) analysis, select ROSE in
Modes Combination Type.
Add Piping Settings (p. 25). Highlight Piping Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display
the Details pane. Select Dynamic Earthquake in Load Case Type. Set Cut-off Frequency to the same
value as the Range Maximum in your Modal analysis system. Constant Damping is usually determined
by project design criteria and is dependent on pipe size. Select Coordinate System to use in the simu-
lation.
Seismic
Highlight Response Spectrum in the tree view. Click Piping Spectrum in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10) to add response spectrum objects to the tree view. Click this button for as many response
spectrum objects as needed in your analysis. Define each response spectrum by highlighting it in the
tree view to display the Details pane.
Note
Rigid Response Effect (Gupta) is commonly used in SPRS analysis. Missing Mass Effect is
also commonly used. Your project criteria may provide information about entries in those
options.
5.6.2. Independent Support Motion (ISM) Response Spectrum Analysis

For an Independent Support Motion (ISM) response spectrum analysis, return to Workbench and create
a new Response Spectrum analysis system. Link the Engineering Data, Geometry, and Model cells
from your Modal analysis system to the corresponding cells in the new Response Spectrum analysis
system. Link the Solution cell from the Modal analysis system to the Setup cell in the new Response
Spectrum analysis system.
Load Cases
Launch Mechanical and highlight Analysis Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display
the Details pane. In Spectrum Type, select Multiple Points. This setting defines the simulation as ISM.
In Modes Combination Type select SRSS.
Note
NRC guidelines for multiple point response spectrum (MPRS) analysis state that you should
use the absolute sum of support groups and SRSS of modes and directions. The absolute
sum option is not currently available in APA.
Highlight Response Spectrum in the tree view and click Piping Settings in the Piping Simulation
Toolbar (p. 10). Highlight Piping Settings in Response Spectrum in the tree view to display the Details
pane. Select Dynamic Earthquake in Load Case Type. Set Cut-off Frequency to the same value as
the Range Maximum in your Modal analysis system. Constant Damping is usually determined by
project design criteria and is dependent on pipe size.
Seismic
Since this simulation will deal with motion in multiple groups of supports, first determine total number
of discrete groups in the simulation.
Highlight Response Spectrum in the tree view. Click Piping Spectrum in the Piping Simulation Tool-
bar (p. 10) to add response spectrum objects to the tree view. Click this button for as many response
spectrum objects as needed in your analysis. Define each response spectrum by highlighting it in the
tree view to display the Details pane.
Note
Rigid Response Effect (Gupta) is commonly not used in MPRS analysis. Missing Mass Effect
is commonly used. Your project criteria may provide information about entries in these op-
tions.
Chapter 6: Postprocessing
The APA postprocessing environment consists of three tabs which are additional to the standard tabs
in Mechanical: Piping, Supports, and Disp. / Accel.
Before performing any post-processing task, refer to the section Adding the Post Piping Environ-
ment (p. 41) to set up APA for report generation.

6.1. Adding the Post Piping Environment
6.2. Overview
6.3.The Piping Tab
6.4.The Supports Tab
6.5.The Displacements and Accelerations Tab
6.6. SIF Results
6.7. Exporting Results to Excel
6.1. Adding the Post Piping Environment

Creating the Post Piping environment is mandatory for executing certain APA post-processing features.
These features will not work correctly if this procedure is not performed:
When you have defined and performed all simulations necessary for your reports, close Mechanical, return
to Workbench, and create a new Static Structural analysis system. Link the Engineering Data, Geometry,
and Model cells from any one of your analysis systems to the corresponding cells in the new Static Structural
analysis system.
Launch Mechanical and right click the new Static Structural in the tree view. Select Rename. Enter Post
Piping in the text box to rename the analysis system.
Right click the Post Piping system in the tree view and select Insert > Commands to add a Commands
object.
Highlight Commands in the tree view to display the Commands pane. Enter d,all,all in the Commands
pane. Close the Commands pane by highlighting the Post Piping analysis system in the tree view. Click
Solve to complete the post-piping environment.
Caution
The Post Piping environment is a sandbox environment which APA uses to load postprocessing
results from other load cases. Objects or subfolders created in this environment should not
be managed using standard Mechanical functions. Functions such as Duplicate, Duplicate
Without Results, Copy, Cut, Paste, Rename, Clear Generated Data, dragging and dropping,
adding comments or figures/images, and suppress or unsuppress should not be used on
objects in the Post Piping environment.
Postprocessing
Postprocessing is specific to APA and results objects must be generated from the APA
worksheet only. If you invalidate an analysis in Mechanical, all APA results dependent on
that analysis are removed from the tree. Once an analysis is made valid again, you should
regenerate the results using the postprocessing tabs.
6.2. Overview
APA postprocessing sheets each have three common functions, covered in this section:
6.2.1. Elementary Load Cases
6.2.2. Combination Load Cases
6.2.3. Load Case Filters
6.2.1. Elementary Load Cases

The Elementary Load Cases section contains a table listing all the simulations performed on the current
piping model. Analysis systems with multiple time steps show up as discrete steps rather than an entire
analysis system. For more information about discrete time step systems, see Adding Multiple Time
Steps (p. 34). This section is primarily used for generating Combination Load Cases (p. 42) and Equa-
tions (p. 45), and is also used to select which individual cases will appear in Result Visualization (p. 47).
The first two columns of this table, Load Case Name and Analysis Type, are generated automatically
and cannot be changed. Check boxes next to the Load Case Name indicate if the case is selected. Load
cases which are successfully simulated appear with a green background, load cases with a yellow
background require an update and will remain disabled until the issue is resolved.
The Cat. and Load Case Type columns are optional, setting them allows you to use Load Case Fil-
ters (p. 44).
You can add comments to any load cases by clicking in the Comment column.
6.2.2. Combination Load Cases

The Combinations section contains a table which allows you to define cases which combine the different
Elementary Load Cases (p. 42). To create a combination load case, click the empty cell in the Load Case
Name column. Enter a title for your combination load case.
Overview
When a load case row is yellow, the requirements for that combination have not been met.
Select the Sum Type required from the pull down menu. Cat. and Load Case Type columns are optional
for use with Load Case Filters (p. 44). Additional fields appear in a smaller, embedded table under the
combination load case. Populate this table by clicking the * cell and selecting your load case from the
pull down menu. Additional rows appear when you select a case. Add additional load cases to the
combination case as necessary. Adding a numerical value in the Coefficient cell defines the participation
of the particular load case.
When a combination case has been properly populated, the load case row turns green.
The following table shows the computation made by each combination:
Combination Computation Comments

Name
Algebraic Sum
SRSS
Absolute Sum
Absolute Value
of Algebraic
Sum
Max. of
Absolute Values
Max. of Positive
Values
Min. of Negative
Values
Max. of
Absolute Range
(Comp)
Max of Absolute
Range (Resul)
All Algebraic
Combinations
Postprocessing
Combination Computation Comments

Name
Maximum of
Values
Minimum of
Values
To duplicate a combination case, select the case and click Duplicate Selected Combinations.
To remove a combination case, select the case and click Remove Selected Combinations.
To remove all combination cases, click Remove All Combinations.
6.2.3. Load Case Filters

Using load case filters you can select or unselect cases from both the Elementary Load Cases (p. 42)
table and the Combination Load Cases (p. 42) table at once. You must have defined values in the Cat.
and Load Case Type columns in the load case tables for filters to work.
To select a set of cases using filters, define the filter parameters from the Category and LC Type pull
down menus. These menus correspond to the Cat. and Load Case Type columns from the load case
tables:
Table 6.1: Load Case Category Abbreviations
Abbreviation Condition
A Normal
HT Test
B Upset
C Emergency
D Faulted
U Upset
Table 6.2: Load Case Type Abbreviations
Abbreviation Load Case Type

DW Deadweight
DI Dilatation
The Piping Tab
Abbreviation Load Case Type

ST Stratification
SL Static Load
DL Dynamic Load
DE Dynamic Earthquake
PR Pression Load
OD Other Dynamic
Click Select to select all cases which apply to the category and case type selected from the pull down
box. If you wish to add another filter, define the new filter with the pull down boxes and click Select.
The Select button will never unselect cases. Filters can be summed using this method.
To unselect a set of cases using filters, define the filter parameters in the same way as selecting a set
of cases and click Unselect. To unselect all cases, define Category and LC Type as All and click Unselect.
6.3. The Piping Tab

The Piping Tab consists of the standard APA postprocessing elements and the following additional
tables:
6.3.1. Out-of-Roundness Factor
6.3.2. Equations
6.3.3. Result Visualization
6.3.1. Out-of-Roundness Factor

If out-of-roundness factors are required, populate the out-of-roundness table using the pull down menus.
Select load cases from the menu which have applicable pressure and temperature values. Click Re-
compute K1 Stress Indices to generate the out-of-roundness analysis report. Out-of-roundness factor
is not required for primary stress analysis, but it is sometimes used for subsequent fatigue calculations.
Out-of-roundness factors are valid for class 1 pipes only.
6.3.2. Equations
Before solving equations you must set the code you intend to use. For more information, see Piping
Stress Indices (p. 9). Only equations from the selected code are available. You can change the code
to solve equations from another code, but only one can be active at a time.
To solve piping evaluation equations:
Postprocessing
Click the * cell in the Equation Name column.
Enter a name for the equation. Select the equation you would like to solve from the pull down menu in the
Equation Type column.
Expand the equation by clicking the + icon.
Assign elementary or combination load cases to the fields in the embedded table using the pull down
menus. Some fields can have more than one case assigned to them. After the first case is added in one of
these fields, a new row will appear.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select them in the Equations table and click Compute
Selected Equations. The pull down menu next to this button controls if a visualization is included in the
Post Piping environment. An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant results. If you have chosen
to generate visual results, an object is created under the Post Piping system in the tree view.
For a list of required load cases for each available equation, see Appendix A (p. 55).
Some equations require you to set a criteria level. Use the following table to select the criteria level
you are solving for:
Table 6.3: Piping Criteria Levels
Number 1 2 3 4 5
Abbreviation N U E F T
Name Normal Upset Emergency Faulted Test
Criteria Level A B C D T
The Named Selections pull down menu shows the list of body-based named selections defined in the
model. The selection in this menu defines the body scoping on which defined results are evaluated. It
is set to All Pipes by default.
To duplicate an equation, select the equation and click Duplicate Selected Equations.
To remove an equations, select the equation and click Remove Selected Equations.
The Piping Tab
To remove all equations, click Remove All Equations.
6.3.3. Result Visualization

To generate visualizations for elementary load cases or combination load cases, select them in the ap-
propriate table. From the pull down menu next to the View Results for Selected Load Cases button,
select the type of results to generate:
All - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, and visualizations will be generated.
Forces - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, but visualizations will only be generated
for forces.
Moments - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, and visualizations will only be
generated for moments.
No View - Forces and moments for the selected cases will be calculated, but visualizations will not be gen-
erated.
Click View Results for Selected Load Cases to generate results into the post-piping environment.
Postprocessing
Note
If you receive the message Cannot find a Post Piping environment, refer to Adding the
Post Piping Environment (p. 41).
Visualization of results for equations are provided for bodies that match the class of piping the equation
governs. Bodies without results appear transparent in visualizations.
Caution
Pipe and point filters do not work when results objects are selected in the tree.
6.4. The Supports Tab

The Supports tab consists of the standard APA postprocessing elements and the following tables:
6.4.1. Supports, Equipment, and Flanges
6.4.2. Operability
6.4.1. Supports, Equipment, and Flanges

Support analysis consists of the same basic steps as solving equations: define an analysis name and
type, then select the elementary or combined load cases which make up the analysis.
Click the * cell in the Analysis Name column.
Enter a name for the analysis. Select the analysis type you would like to solve from the pull down menu in
the Analysis Type column.
Expand the analysis by clicking the + icon.
The Supports Tab
The Named Selections pull down menu shows the list of vertex-based named selections defined in
the model. The selection in this menu defines the vertex scoping on which defined results are evaluated.
It is set to the first vertex-based named selection by default. If there are no vertex-based named selections
it is blank.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select them in the table and click Support
analysis, Equipment analysis, or Flange analysis. An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant
results.
To duplicate an analysis, select the equation and click Duplicate Selected Analysis.
To remove an analysis, select the equation and click Remove Selected Analysis.
To remove all analyses, click Remove All Analyses.
6.4.2. Operability
Operability analysis verifies the operability for components connected to the analyzed pipes. The fol-
lowing specific operability analyses can be performed:
Acceleration analysis - compares a component acceleration to an acceptable parameter.
Efforts analysis - compares the effective load on a component and an acceptable parameter.
The class of the valve depends on the class of the components nearby:
If the components nearby are both Class 1 components, then the valve is considered to be a Class 1 com-
ponent.
Otherwise, the valve is considered a Class 2/3 component.
Postprocessing
The Operability equation is the sum of a primary part and a secondary part.
Operability analysis consists of the same basic steps as solving equations: define an analysis name and
type, then select the elementary or combined load cases which make up the analysis.
Click the * cell in the Operability Name column.
the Operability Type column.
it is blank.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select them in the table and click Compute se-
lected Operability Analyses. An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant results.
To duplicate an analysis, select the analysis and click Duplicate selected Operability analysis.
To remove an analysis, select the analysis and click Remove selected Operability analysis.
To remove all analyses, click Remove all Operability analyses.
6.5. The Displacements and Accelerations Tab

The Displacements and Accelerations tab consists of the standard APA postprocessing elements and
the following tables:
6.5.1. Displacements and Accelerations
6.5.1. Displacements and Accelerations

Displacement and acceleration analysis consists of the same basic steps as solving equations: define an
analysis name and type, then select the elementary or combined load cases which make up the analysis.
Click the * cell in the Analysis Name column.
SIF Results
the Analysis Type column.
it is blank.
When you have defined all equations to be calculated, select a coordinates system from the pull down
menu (default is Solu, which is the solution coordinate system), select the equations in the table and
click Displacements Analysis (in the chosen CS) or View Accelerations of the Selected Load Cases.
An Excel spreadsheet is generated with the relevant results.
To duplicate an analysis, select the equation and click Duplicate Selected Analysis.
To remove an analysis, select the equation and click Remove Selected Analysis.
To remove all analyses, click Remove All Analyses.
6.6. SIF Results

Stress intensity factor results can be added to the Post Piping Environment using the Piping Stress In-
dices (p. 9). Select the SIF result to add to the Post Piping sheet, and click the Create SIF result button.
Postprocessing
Expand the Post Piping environment in the tree view to view SIF result visualizations.
Note
Units displayed with SIF results should be ignored. SIF results are dimensionless; only the
values and associated legend are of interest.
6.7. Exporting Results to Excel

APA generates results into Microsoft Excel worksheets. By default, when a result is generated to an Excel
worksheet, it is opened when you generate the result.
Excel versions of results are stored in your project files folder, under the directory dp0\POST. The Ap-
pendix_G.xls file contains results from Equations (p. 45). The non-numbered instance of this file
will contain the first set of results. Any subsequent results generated will be in a numbered version of
the file: Appendix_G_1.xls, Appendix_G_2.xls, and so on.
The Appendix_G.xls file has many sections containing simulation results. Click the worksheet tabs
at the bottom of the screen to view these results. Notable worksheets include:
Ratio - Includes calculated stress indices as well as stress and ratio results for selected equations.
Results - Includes force and moment results of load cases and combinations that were used in the definition
of selected equations.
Model Information - Includes model values at nodes and elements. Calculated stress indices also appear.
Material Name - Includes a summary of materials used.
Meshing - Includes a summary of Pipe Bodies, Points, Elements, and Nodes for the entire model.
Load Case Definition - Includes a summary of load cases and combinations that were used in the definition
of selected equations.
Status - Includes a summary of Error/Warning messages encountered during generation of results for selected
equations.
The following files in the dp0\POST directory also contain relevant results:
Exporting Results to Excel
ENSIF.xls - Includes a summary of initial Stress Intensity Factors for the entire model, calculated using
the EN code, from the first time you open the Mechanical window after attaching the geometry.
RCCMSIF.xls - Same as ENSIF.xls except SIFs are calculated using the RCCM code.
ASMESIF.xls - Same as ENSIF.xls except SIFs are calculated using the ASME code.
ResuLC.xls - Contains results of Elementary Load Cases and Combinations.
Appendix_J.xls - Includes the result of operability analysis.
Appendix A. Equation Requirements
The following sections outline the load cases and other inputs required to solve the regulatory equations
in the postprocessing environment:
A.1. ASME Equations
A.2. EN Equations
A.3. RCC-M Equations
A.1. ASME Equations

ASME equations are divided by piping class:
A.1.1. ASME Class 1
A.1.2. ASME Class 2
A.1.1. ASME Class 1

The following sections describe the load case requirements for ASME Class 1 piping.
A.1.1.1. Equation 9
Input Data Value Type Notes
Criteria Level 0, B, C, D or
T
Pressure 1 load case Design pressure.
If no load case is given, values of pressure set in the piping

property editor are used.
If no load case is given and there are no values of pressure

from the piping properties, zero value is taken.
Permanent Loading 1 load case
Dynamic Seismic 1 load case
Occ. Unsigned Loading n load
cases
Occ. Signed Loading n load
cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sall, is calculated.
If no load case is given, values of design temperature set

in the piping properties editor are used.
If no load case is given and design temperature values

have not been set in the piping properties editor, ambient
temperature is used.
Equation Requirements
A.1.1.2. Equation 10
Thermal Expansion n load The order of these load cases matters as each thermal load
cases case is associated with the corresponding pressure load
case from the Pressure Linked to Thermal Expansion input.
If the number of thermal load cases is less than the number

of pressure load cases, the last thermal load is considered
for all the remaining pressure cases.
Chose thermal expansion loads from among elementary

load cases and not from among calculated combinations.
If you enter a combination, moment is not recomputed at
ambient temperature.
Ambient Temperature real Default value is 20.
for Correction number
Pressure Linked to n load The order of these load cases matters as each pressure
Thermal Expansion cases load case is associated with the corresponding thermal
load case from the Thermal Expansion input.
If the number of pressure load cases is less than the

number of thermal load cases, the last pressure load is
considered for all the remaining thermal cases.
Seismic Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Combination Type for ABS or SRSS
Seismic Effects
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sm, is calculated.


Thermal Expansion n load
cases

ASME Equations

Pressure n load Design pressure.
cases

cases
cases


A.1.2. ASME Class 2

The following sections describe the load case requirements for ASME Class 2 piping.
A.1.2.1. Equation 8
Pressure Portion STD or SLP


Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sh, is calculated.


A.1.2.2. Equation 9
Criteria Level B, C, D or T


Displacement cases
Combination Type for SRSS or ABS
Seismic Effects
cases
cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stresses, Sh and Sy,
are calculated.


Combination for MA + By
MB component
or result
cases
ASME Equations

Displacement cases


for Sc number
Stress Range Reduction real Default value is 1.
Factor number
ASME Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
8 (p. 57)
A.1.2.4. Equation 10CD

cases
Displacement cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stresses, Sy and Sh,
are calculated.


A.1.2.5. Equation 10A

Non-Repeated Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Ambient Temperature real Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sc is calculated.
for Sc number
Default value is 20.
A.1.2.6. Equation 11A

Reverse Inertial Loading 1 load case
Reverse Anchor n load
Displacement cases
Reverse Effects
Design Temperature Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sh, is calculated.


for Sc number
Stress Range Reduction real Default value is 1.
Factor number
A.1.2.7. Failure
Assumption Break or
Crack
9 (p. 58)
10 (p. 58)
A.1.2.8. Equation F1
cases
Displacement cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, S, is calculated.


EN Equations
A.1.2.9. Equation F2
cases
Displacement cases
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, S, is calculated.


A.2. EN Equations
The following sections describe the load case requirements for EN piping equations:
A.2.1. Equation 2-1
A.2.2. Equation 3-1
A.2.3. Equation 4-1
A.2.4. Equation 5-1
A.2.5. Equation 6-1
A.2.6. Superpipe
A.2.1. Equation 2-1

Optimized SIF yes or no
If no load case is given,

values of pressure set in
the piping property editor
are used.
If no load case is given and

there are no values of
pressure from the piping
properties, zero value is
taken.
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the
allowable stress, fh, is
calculated.

values of design
temperature set in the
piping properties editor are
used.

design temperature values
have not been set in the
piping properties editor,
ambient temperature is
used.
A.2.2. Equation 3-1

Criteria Level A, B1, B2, C1, C2, or D

values of pressure set in
the piping property editor
are used.

there are no values of
pressure from the piping
properties, zero value is
taken.
Seismic Anchor Displacement n load cases
Combination for Seismic Effects ABS or SRSS
Occ. Unsigned Loading n load cases
Occ. Signed Loading n load cases
allowable stress, Sh, is
calculated.

values of design
used.

EN Equations

used.
Combination for MA + MB by component or by
resultant
A.2.3. Equation 4-1

Thermal Expansion n load cases Chose thermal expansion
loads from among
elementary load cases and
not from among calculated
combinations. If you enter
a combination, moment is
not recomputed at ambient
temperature.
Ambient Temperature for Correction real number Default value is 20.
Seismic Anchor Displacement n load cases
Combination for DI + SAM Max(D)+2*S
Max(D+S;2S)
allowable stress, fA, is
calculated.

values of design
used.

used.
Ambient Temperature for fc real number Temperature at which the
allowable stress, fc, is
calculated.
Default value is 20.

Stress Range Reduction Factor real number Fatigue correction factor, f
Default value is 1.

EN Equation 2-1 (p. 61) 1 equation
A.2.4. Equation 5-1

Pressure 1 load case
Thermal Expansion n load cases Chose thermal expansion
loads from among
elementary load cases and
not from among calculated
combinations. If you enter
a combination, moment is
not recomputed at ambient
temperature.
Ambient Temperature for Correction real number Default value is 20.
allowable stress, fCR, is
calculated.

values of design
used.

used.
A.2.5. Equation 6-1

Non-Repeated Anchor Displacement n load cases
allowable stresses, fCR and
RP, are calculated.

values of design
RCC-M Equations

used.

used.
A.2.6. Superpipe
A.3. RCC-M Equations

RCC-M equations are divided by piping class:
A.3.1. RCC-M Class 1

The following sections describe the load case requirements for RCC-M Class 1 piping.
A.3.1.1. Equation 9
Criteria Level 0, C, or D
Pressure 1 load case If no load case is given, values of pressure set in the piping

Primary Portion of real
Seismic number,
cases
cases


Thermal Expansion n load The order of these load cases matters as each thermal load
cases case is associated with the corresponding pressure load
case from the Pressure Linked to Thermal Expansion input.
If the number of thermal load cases is less than the number

of pressure load cases, the last thermal load is considered
for all the remaining pressure cases.
Chose thermal expansion loads from among elementary

load cases and not from among calculated combinations.
Pressure Linked to n load The order of these load cases matters as each pressure
Thermal Expansion cases load case is associated with the corresponding thermal
load case from the Thermal Expansion input.
If the number of pressure load cases is less than the

number of thermal load cases, the last pressure load is
considered for all the remaining thermal cases.
Displacement cases
Seismic Effects


RCC-M Equations
Thermal Expansion n load Chose thermal expansion loads from among elementary
cases load cases and not from among calculated combinations.


Pressure n load
cases
Primary Portion of real Default value is 1.
Seismic number,
cases
cases


A.3.1.5. Primary Functional Capacity

Input Data Value Notes
Type

Type
Displacements cases
cases
cases


A.3.1.6. Secondary Functional Capacity

Type
Loading cases
Displacement cases

A.3.2.1. Equation 6




RCC-M Equations
A.3.2.2. Equation 7
Thermal Expansion n load Chose thermal expansion loads from among elementary
cases load cases and not from among calculated combinations.
Displacement cases
Combination for DI and
SAM
Design Temperature 1 load case Temperature at which the allowable stress, SA, is calculated.


Ambient Temperature real Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sc, is calculated.
for Sc number Default value is 20.
Stress Range Reduction real
Factor number Fatigue correction factor denoted as f in .
Default value is 1.
RCCM Class 2 - Equation 1 equation
6 (p. 68)
A.3.2.3. Equation 9
Displacement cases
Ambient Temperature real Temperature at which the allowable stress, Sc, is calculated.
for Sc number Default value is 20.
Criteria Level B, C, or D


Displacement cases
Primary Portion of real Default value is 1.
Seismic number,
Seismic Effects
Occ. Unsigned Loadings n load
cases
Occ. Signed Loadings n load
cases


Combination of MA + by
MB component
or result
A.3.2.5. Superpipe
7 (p. 69)
10 (p. 69)

Type
Displacements cases
RCC-M Equations

Type
cases
cases

Type
Loading cases
Displacements cases


Type
Displacements cases
cases
cases

Type
Loading cases
Displacements cases

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ANSYS Piping Application User's Guide

ANSYS, Inc. Release 17.0

ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008.

U.S. Government Rights

Published in the U.S.A.

6.2. Overview ........................................................................................................................................ 42

A.3.2.5. Superpipe ..................................................................................................................... 70

1.1. Installing APA

The progress bar displays the progress of the APA installation.

1.2. License Requirements

1.3. Limitations of APA

Platform Support APA is not supported in Windows 8.1

DesignXplorer APA is not compatible with any features of DesignXplorer.

1.4. Workflow Overview

Table 2.1: Piping Toolbar in DesignModeler

Button Command Description

Split pipe Adds a split pipe object to the tree view.

Add elbow Adds a create elbow object to the tree view.

View log Displays a log window specific to APA.

View APA version Displays the version of the APA add-in.

2.2. Pipe Filters Toolbar

Table 2.2: Pipe Filters Toolbar Buttons

Button Command Description

Point-to-pipe or If a point or group of points is selected, select all

If a pipe or group of pipes is selected, selects all

2.3.1. Piping Stress Indices

Table 2.3: Piping Stress Indices Toolbar Buttons

Button Command Description

Button Command Description

2.3.2. Piping Simulation Toolbar

Table 2.4: Pipe Simulation Toolbar Buttons

Button Command Description

View mass Controls visualization of local masses in the model.

The following topics are available:

3.1.1. Creating APA Compatible Materials

MM: Scalar property (no unit)

SM: Temperature dependent stress threshold

SH: Temperature dependent stress threshold

YS: Temperature dependent stress threshold

To create a new APA compatible material:

3. Rename the material from the template name.

3.1.2. Adding Materials to Your Project

3.2. Creating a Model

3.2.1. Using DesignModeler

3.2.1.1. Adding Straight Pipes

Fields in yellow are required to generate a straight pipe:

Click Generate to create the body defined by the AddPipe object.

3.2.1.2. Splitting Straight Pipes

Fields in yellow are required information to split an existing pipe:

Click Generate to split the body defined in the Split object.

3.2.1.3. Adding Elbows

Click Generate to create the body defined by the AddCurvedPipe object.

Table 3.1: Types of Pipe Support

Pipe Support Pipe Support Code Description

RUd One-way restraint in (u)

3.2.2. Importing a PDMS File

3.3. Changing PDMS Attributes

Exit DesignModeler to save changes to the model.

3.3.1. Specifying Pipe Geometry Type

Table 3.2: Types of Pipe Geometry

Pipe Type Description Diagram

TEE Tee with no longitudinal weld

TEN Tee with a nozzle and no longitudinal

RED Reducer with no longitudinal weld