PROBLEMS ON TESTING AND PERFORMANCE OF I.C.

ENGINES

1) In a test on a single cylinder 4 stroke cycle gas engine with explosion in every cycle, the
gas consumption given by the meter was 0.216 m 3 /min, the pressure and temperature of the
gas being 80 mm of water and 200C respectively. Air consumption was 2.75 kg/min, the
temperature being 200C and barometer reads 750 mm of Hg. The bore of engine is 280 mm &
stroke 500 mm & rpm 300. Find the volumetric efficiency of the engine referred to volume of
charge at NTP. Take R of air 0.287 kJ/kg-K.

2) During the trial of single cylinder, 4 stroke of oil engine, the following results were
obtained:
Cylinder dia. = 200mm
Stroke = 400mm
Mep = 6 bar
Torque = 407 N-m
Speed = 250 r.p.m.
Oil consumption = 4 kg/hr
C.V . of fuel = 43 MJ/kg
Cooling water flow rate = 4.5 Kg/min
Air used / Kg of fuel = 30 Kg
Rise in cooling water temperature = 450 C
Temp. of exhaust gas = 4200C
Room temp. = 200C
Mean specific heat of exhaust gases = 1kJ/kgK
Specific heat of water = 4.18 kJ/kgK
Barometric pressure = 1.01325 bar
Find IP, BP, & draw heat balance sheet for the test in kJ/hr basis.

3) Obtain the cylinder dimensions of a twin cylinder two stroke I.C. Engine from the
following data:
Engine speed = 4000 rpm
Volumetric efficiency = 77 %
Mechanical efficiency = 75 %
Fuel consumption = 10 lit/hr.
Sp. Gr. of fuel = 0.73
A:F ratio = 18
Piston speed = 600 m/min
IMEP = 5 bar
Also determine the power output at STP conditions. Assume R for air = 0.287 kJ/kgK.

4) The following data is taken from a trial on 4 cylinder 4 stroke petrol engine, which is
coupled to a hydraulic dynamometer at constant speed with full throttle
Brake power with all cylinder working = 14.7 KW
Brake power with cylinder No.1 cut out = 10.2 KW
Brake power with cylinder No.2 cut out = 10.3 KW
Brake power with cylinder No.3 cut out = 10.4 KW
Brake power with cylinder No.4 cut out = 10.2 KW
Petrol used = 5.44 Kg/hr
C.V. =42000 KJ/Kg
Prepared by: Anilkumar Sathe [Asst. Prof. Mech. Deptt. SKNCOE, Pune] Contact: 9890 465 460
Diameter of cylinder = 8 cm
Stroke of piston = 10 cm
Clearance volume = 100 cc
Determine:
1) The mechanical efficiency
2) Indicated thermal efficiency
3) Relative efficiency based on Indicated power

5) During a trial on 4 cylinder petrol engine running at 50 rev/s. The brake load was 267N
when all cylinders were working, when each cylinder was cut out in turn, & speed returned to
50 rev/s, the brake readings were 178N, 187N, 182N & 182N.
Using these readings, determine the brake power of engine & estimate indicated power &
mechanical efficiency. For the brake, Brake power (kW) = FN/455, where F = brake load in
Newton & N = rev/s.
The following results were also obtained during the trial.
Fuel consumption = 0.568 liter in 30 sec.
Specific gr. of fuel = 0.72
Calorific value of fuel = 43000 KJ/Kg
A:F ratio = 14:1
Exhaust temp. = 7600C
Sp. heat capacity of Exhaust gas = 1.015 KJ/Kg K
Cooling water inlet temp. = 180C
Cooling water outlet temp. = 560C
Cooling water flow rate = 0.28 Kg/s
Ambient temp = 210C
From these result, draw up an energy balance KJ/s & as a % of energy supplied.

6) Test on single cylinder oil engine with bore 30 cm & stroke 40 cm working on 4-stroke
cylinder, the following observations were made:
Duration of trial = 1 hr
Total fuel consumption = 8.5 liters
Sp. gravity of fuel = 0.83
Calorific value = 44500 kJ/kg
Total revolutions = 12000
Gross IMEP = 6.35 bar and Pumping IMEP = 0.35 bar
Brake load =160 Kg
Spring balance reading = 10 kg
Brake drum diameter = 180 cm
Rope diameter = 3 cm
Jacket cooling water collected = 550 Kg
Water inlet & outlet temperatures 150C & 600C respectively.
Total air consumption = 360 kg
Specific heat of exhaust gas = 1.01 kJ/kg
Exhaust gas outlet temperature = 3000C
Find:
i) Mechanical efficiency
ii) Draw heat balance sheet on minute basis, Write the remarks.

Prepared by: Anilkumar Sathe [Asst. Prof. Mech. Deptt. SKNCOE, Pune] Contact: 9890 465 460
7) A four cylinder, four stroke engine of 100*120 mm cylinder size was tested at 1600 rpm &
the following readings were obtained.
Fuel consumption = 0.27 lit/min
Specific gravity of fuel = 0.74
Net load on brake = 400 N
Constant of dynamometer k = 20380 [BP (kW) = W(N) * N (rpm) / k ]
Calorific value of fuel = 44 MJ/kg
Assuming 80% mechanical efficiency, calculate:
i) Brake thermal efficiency
ii) Indicated thermal efficiency
iii) BSFC
iv) IMEP

Q8) A four-cylinder petrol engine has bore of 5.7 cm & stroke of 9 cm. Its rated speed is 2800
rpm & it is tested at this speed against a brake which has torque arm of 0.356 m. The net
brake load is 155 N & fuel consumption is 6.740 lit/hr. The Sp.gr of petrol used is 0.735 & it
has low calorific value of 44200 kJ/kg. A Morse test is carried out & cylinders are cut out in
the order 1,2,3 & 4 with corresponding brake loads of 111, 106.5, 104.2 & 111 Newton
respectively. Calculate for this speed, engine torque, brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel
consumption, mechanical efficiency & indicated mean effective pressures.

9) Obtain the cylinder dimensions of a twin cylinder, two stroke I.C. engine from the
following data:
Engine speed = 4000 rpm
Volumetric efficiency = 77 %
Mechanical efficiency = 75 %
Fuel consumption = 10 lit/hr
Sp.gr. of fuel = 0.73
Air - fuel ratio = 18
Piston speed = 600 m/min
Imep = 5 bar
Also, determine the power output at S.T.P. conditions. Assume R air = 0.287 KJ/Kg K

10) A six cylinder, gasoline engine operates on the four stroke cycle. The bore of each
cylinder is 80 mm & stroke 100 mm. The clearance volume per cylinder is 70 cc. At a speed
of 4000 rpm the fuel consumption is 20 Kg/hr & the torque developed is 150 Nm. Calculate:
i) The brake power
ii) The brake mean effective pressure
iii) Brake thermal efficiency
If the calorific value of fuel is 43000 KJ/Kg & relative efficiency on a brake power assuming
the engine works on the constant volume cycle. = 1.4 for air.

11) A single cylinder engine running at 1800 rpm develops a torque of 8 Nm. The indicated
power of the engine is 1.8 kW. Find the loss due to friction power as the percentage of brake
power.

Prepared by: Anilkumar Sathe [Asst. Prof. Mech. Deptt. SKNCOE, Pune] Contact: 9890 465 460
12) A two-stroke diesel engine was subjected to motoring test. The wattmeter reading was 1.6
kW. The engine was then tested for one hour and following observations were noted:
Observations:
i) Net brake torque = 125 Nm
ii) Engine rpm = 610
iii) Fuel consumption = 2.5 kg
iv) Calorific value of fuel = 41000 kJ/kg
v) Cooling water used = 825 kg
vi) Temp rise of cooling water = 80C
vii) Exhaust gas temp = 3500C
viii) Room temp = 300C
ix) Air fuel ratio = 32:1
x) Sp. heat of exhaust gas = 1.05 kJ/kgK
Calculate:
a) Brake power
b) Indicate power
c) Mechanical efficiency
d) Indicated thermal efficiency
e) Heat balance sheet on min and percentage basis.

13) A 4 cylinder, 4 stroke cycle engine having cylinder diameter 100 mm and stroke 120 mm
was tested at 1600 rpm and the following readings were obtained:
Fuel consumption = 0.27 lit/min
Sp. Gr. of fuel = 0.74
BP = 31.4 kW
Mechanical efficiency = 80 %
Calorific value of fuel = 44000 kJ/kg
Determine:
i) BSFC
ii) IMEP
iii) Brake thermal efficiency

14) A single cylinder & two stroke cycle I.C. engine when tested, the following observations
available:
Area of indicator diag. = 3 sq. cm.
Length of indicator diag. = 4 cm,
Spring constant = 10 bar/cm
Speed of engine = 400 r.p.m
Brake drum perimeter = 3.77 m
Dead wt on brake = 380 N
Spring balance reading = 50 N
Fuel consumption = 2.8 kg/hr
CV = 42000 KJ/Kg
Cylinder dia = 16 cm, Piston stroke = 20 cm
Find :
a) F.P
b) Mechanical efficiency
c) BSFC
d) Brake thermal efficiency
Prepared by: Anilkumar Sathe [Asst. Prof. Mech. Deptt. SKNCOE, Pune] Contact: 9890 465 460
15) Calculate the bore and stroke of a four stroke cylinder diesel engine designed to the
following parameters:
Brake power = 25 kW
Speed = 300 rpm
Fuel consumption = C=85 %, H=15%
Lower CV of fuel = 41000 kJ/kg
Air supplied = 25 % xcess
Volumetric efficiency = 80 % at 1.01325 bar and 100C
Mechanical efficiency = 0.98
Indicated thermal efficiency = 0.35
R for air = 0.287 kJ/kgK
Stroke to bore ratio = 1:1.2

16) Following data refered to single cylinder four stroke diesel engine running at 1850 rpm
which is fitted with a dynamometer whose constant is 1248 and BP is given by WN / costant
(BP in kW, W in N and N in rps)
Period of test = 40 min, Net brake load = 18.5 kg
Fuel used = 832 cc, Sp gr. of fuel = 0.89
CV of fuel = 44000 kJ/kg, Diameter of orifice plate of air box = 2.3 cm
Manometer reading of orifice plate = 5 cm of water,
Discharge coefficient of orifice plate = 0.61, Cylinder diameter = 90 mm
Stroke = 90 mm, Cooling water used = 321 kg,
Rise in temp of cooling water = 9.30C, Sp. heat of exhaust gas = 1.006 kJ/kgK
Atm air pressure = 101.325 kPa, Room temp = 250C, Exhaust gas temperature = 4150C
Calculate: 1. Volumetric efficiency
2. BSFC
3. Heat balance sheet on second basis.

17) A 4 stroke gas engine has a cylinder diameter of 25 cm and stroke 45 cm. The effective
diameter of brake is 1.6 m. The observations made in the test of the engine were as follows:
Duration of test = 40 min
Total no. of revolutions = 8080
Total no. of explosions = 3230 ( or No. of misfire or no. of missed cycles = 810)
Net load on brake = 90 kg
MEP = 5.8 bar
Volume of gas used = 7.5 m3
Pressure of gas indicated on gas meter = 136 mm of water gauge
Atmospheric temperature = 170C
Calorific value of gas = 19 MJ/m3 at NTP
Atm pressure = 760 mm of Hg
Estimate:
1. IP
2. BMEP
3. Indicated thermal efficiency

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Prepared by: Anilkumar Sathe [Asst. Prof. Mech. Deptt. SKNCOE, Pune] Contact: 9890 465 460