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DNA Technology
and Genomics
The following slides are for bonus
Recombinate
bacterium
3 Host cell grown in culture,
to form a clone of cells
containing the cloned
gene of interest
Gene of
Protein expressed
interest
by gene of interest
Copies of gene Protein harvested
genetic code
enables this progress
Gene for pest Gene used to alter Protein dissolves Human growth
resistance inserted bacteria for cleaning blood clots in heart hormone treats
Figure 20.2 into plants up toxic waste attack therapy stunted growth
DNA 5 GAATTC 3
3 CTTAAG 5
G AATTC
CTTAA G
Sticky end
AATTC
G
G
2 DNA fragment from CTTAA
TECHNIQUE In this example, a human gene is inserted into a plasmid from E. coli. The plasmid contains
the ampR gene, which makes E. coli cells resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin. It also contains
the lacZ gene, which encodes -galactosidase. This enzyme hydrolyzes a molecular mimic of
lactose (X-gal) to form a blue product. Only three plasmids and three human DNA fragments
are shown, but millions of copies of the plasmid and a mixture of millions of different human
DNA fragments would be present in the samples.
Restriction
site
2 Cut both DNA samples with the same restriction
ampR gene
enzyme (ampicillin Bacterial Gene of
plasmid interest
resistance)
Sticky
ends Human DNA
3 Mix the DNAs; they join by base pairing. fragments
The products are recombinant plasmids and
many nonrecombinant plasmids.
Bone
marrow
cell from
patient
4 Inject engineered
Figure 20.16 cells into patient.
Figure 20.18
Copyright 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Genetic Engineering in Plants
Agricultural scientists
Have already endowed a number of crop
plants with genes for desirable traits